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Magento code audit
- 1. Magento Code Audit Magento Expert Consultant Group Oleksandr Zarichnyi, Vitaliy Stepanenko
- 2. • Issues detected in code • How we conduct code audit • Value code audit brings to the table Will talk about
- 3. What is code audit?
- 4. Projects Health Check Upgrade Analysis Before Launch Check Crash Investigation
- 6. Issues
- 7. Issue 1 throw new Exception( "Cannot find product " + $this->getSku() );
- 8. throw new Exception( "Cannot find product " . $this->getSku() ); Issue 1
- 9. protected function _revertById($id, $amount = 0) { $giftCard = Mage::getModel('giftcard/giftcard') ->load($id); if ($giftCard) { $giftCard->revert($amount) ->unsOrder() ->save(); } return $this; } Issue 2
- 10. Expression is Always True
- 11. Issue 2 protected function _revertById($id, $amount = 0) { $giftCard = Mage::getModel('giftcard/giftcard') ->load($id); if ($giftCard->getId()) { $giftCard->revert($amount) ->unsOrder() ->save(); } return $this; }
- 12. for ($i = 0; $i < count($data); $i++) { //.. } Issue 3
- 13. Issue 3 $count = count($data); for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) { //.. }
- 14. Issue 4 public function getRandomProduct() { $collection = Mage::getModel('catalog/product') ->getCollection() ->addStoreFilter() ->getSelect() ->order('RAND()'); return $collection->getFirstItem(); }
- 15. Fetching More Than Necessary
- 16. Issue 4 public function getRandomProduct() { $collection = Mage::getModel('catalog/product') ->getCollection() ->addStoreFilter() ->getSelect() ->limit(1) ->order('RAND()'); return $collection->getFirstItem(); }
- 18. Code Smell
- 20. Axe Effect
- 21. cwe.mitre.org 250 internally mined common entries + 200 entries from other sourcesECG • Template for issue description • Catalog of 400 entries applicable for PHP and Magento code Describing Issues
- 23. Architecture and Design Implementation Installation and Upgrade Configuration Time of Introduction
- 28. Trends • Most popular issues • Issues breakdown by location, impact, time of introduction • Overall code quality • Better understanding nature of the issues
- 29. How to Survive?
- 30. A lot of routine tasks A lot of data A lot of formal stuff
- 31. • reVu IDE plugin • Automated code analyzers • Report generators • Data refine tools ECG Toolkit
- 33. Code Audit Automation Vitaliy Stepanenko
- 35. Software Audit Tools 1. Static code analyzers 2. Dynamic code analyzers 3. Utilities
- 37. Workflow • Sniffing • Collecting & merging results • Exporting data to reVu • Manual review in reVu • Generating final report
- 38. Code Sniffers PhpMd (PHP mess detector) Php_CodeSniffer
- 39. How to sniff? Reflection Parsing Tokenization RegExp? Token Lexeme Line T_OPEN_TAG <?php 1 T_COMMENT /**@var $a bool */ 2 T_VARIABLE $a 3 T_EQUAL = 3 T_LNUMBER 2 3 T_IS_NOT_EQUAL <> 3 T_LNUMBER 1 3 T_SEMICOLON ; 3 <?php /**@var $a bool */ $a = 2 <> 1;
- 41. Issues outside PHP code Xml files (configuration & layout updates) DB Schema (indexes, non-optimal field types) Wrong file’s placing & naming Javascript, CSS & HTML issues
- 42. Working on compound sniffers 1. Many different approaches which should be used together 2. Calculations redundancy Tokenize code again and again by each sniffer Typically Magento application have over 8,000 files consisting of code, templates, JavaScript and CSS Difficulties
- 44. Solutions: software graph 1. File system as part of graph
- 46. Software graph 1. File system as part of graph 2. PHP Reflection as part of graph (TokenReflection)
- 48. Software graph 1. File system as part of graph 2. PHP Reflection as part of graph (TokenReflection) 3. PHP lexical tree inside methods & functions as part of graph (PHP_Parser)
- 49. Software graph 1.Back links, circular links (parent class, overridden method) 2.Typed connections, polymorphism Semantic relations: • Holonymy & meronymy • Hyponymy & Hyperonymy
- 50. Node families & extensibility 1. File system 2. PHP • Reflection (classes, methods, namespaces, etc) • PhpDepend (metrics for reflection objects) • Lexical tree (inside php functions) 3. Magento • Directory-based Magento application, code pools, namespaces, modules • Class-based models, controllers, blocks, helpers • File-based Install & upgrade scripts, configuration files, layout updates extends files 4. Other programming languages? 5. Git, SVN? 6. Virtual nodes • Magento functional scopes • Specific code (ex: performing DB Queries)
- 51. Software Graph’s API • Visitor • Direct querying search methods, fluent interface, state monad • Query language just syntactic sugar
- 52. Software graph: additional benefits 1. Query caching, lazy loading 2. Intelligent node search, traverse algorithms based on relation types 3. Easy way to get path (issue location) File Class Name Method name Line numbers
- 53. Query Language Implementation Parser: Built with Loco, parser combinator for PHP Interpreter: State monad wrapper for graph traverse API + 1. Simple boolean operators 2. Tunneling to native php functions
- 54. Examples
- 55. Example 1 Find model load in loops LoopStatement.bodyMethodCall[name = “load”] class Ecg_Sniffs_Performance_LoopModelLoadSniff implements PHP_CodeSniffer_Sniff { public function register() { return array(T_WHILE, T_FOR, T_FOREACH, T_DO); } public function process(PHP_CodeSniffer_File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr) { $tokens = $phpcsFile->getTokens(); $opener = $tokens[$stackPtr]['scope_opener']; $closer = $tokens[$stackPtr]['scope_closer']; for ($ptr = $opener + 1; $ptr < $closer; $ptr++) { $content = $tokens[$ptr]['content']; if ($tokens[$ptr]['code'] === T_STRING && $content == 'load') { $phpcsFile->addError('Model load in loop detected', $ptr, 'ModelLoad', array $content)); } } } } //*[ name()="node:Stmt_Foreach" or name()="node:Stmt_Do" or name()="node:Stmt_For" or name()="node:Stmt_While" ]//node:Expr_MethodCall/subNode:name[ scalar:string = "load" ]
- 56. Example 2 Find all methods in code that has inconsistence between docBlock annotation and really returned value Method [ DocBlock.returnAnnotation.types as $types, Statement [ name=“return”, !(expression.returnedType in $types) ] ]
- 57. Example 3 Find direct output in models (MageModel or MageResourceModel)OutputStatement
- 58. Rule Examples 1. Perhaps DB query not inside resource model or install/upgrade script is an issue 2. DB query inside block and controller definitely is an issue Next concept: confidence Perhaps? Definitely? Two types of confidence 1. Confidence based on accuracy of sniffs Any rules have exceptions 2. Confidence based on accuracy of observations Used technologies are not ideal
- 59. Code Bases 1. Target codebase Concrete module, local code pool 2. Auxiliary codebase PEAR libs, whole Magento application Example: Analyzed class inside target code base, parent class inside auxiliary codebase. We search for copy-pasted code in overridden methods without parent’s method call.
- 61. References https://github.com/magento-ecg/coding-standard – ECG CodeSniffer coding standard http://cwe.mitre.org – Common Weakness Enumeration https://github.com/syllant/idea-plugin-revu – reVu code review plugin https://github.com/nikic/PHP-Parser – PHP Parser http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self- contained-tags – Epic answer about parsing HTML with regular expressions http://phpmd.org/ – PHP Mess Detector https://github.com/Andrewsville/PHP-Token-Reflection – PHP Token Reflection
- 62. Questions