French presentation of ruby and ruby on rails for beginners.

1. Ruby on Rails
Supinfo 2011

2. A propos
• Martin Catty, fondateur de Synbioz
• Rubyiste depuis 2006
_fuse mcatty@synbioz.com

3. Ruby avant Rails
• Ne partez pas sans vos bagages !
• Rails a aidé à l’essor de Ruby
• Mais pas de framework sans langage

4. Ruby
On ne va pas (ou peu) parler de:
I/O Test
VM
Thread
Implémentations
Debugger Garbage
Proc / lambda Exceptions
Réseau

5. L’Histoire
• Créé par Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz)
• Release publique en 2005

6. Un langage
• Plus objet que python
• Plus puissant que perl
• Fun

7. Les versions
• Stable actuelle: 1.9.2
• 1.8.7 dans la branche 1.8
• 1.8.7 (p250) fonctionne avec Rails 2 et 3
• < 1.8.7 = Rails 2
• > 1.8.7 = Rails 3

8. Le fameux hello world
Java Ruby

9. Le fameux hello world
Java Ruby
class Hello {
public static void main(String [] args) {
system.out.println(‘Hello’);
}
}

10. Le fameux hello world
Java Ruby
class Hello {
public static void main(String [] args) {
system.out.println(‘Hello’); puts ‘Hello’
}
}

11. Le fameux hello world
Java Ruby
class Hello {
public static void main(String [] args) {
system.out.println(‘Hello’); puts ‘Hello’
}
}
</troll>

12. Tout est objet

13. Tout est objet
2.times { puts "Bonjour Supinfo." }
=> Bonjour Supinfo
=> Bonjour Supinfo

14. Tout est objet
2.times { puts "Bonjour Supinfo." } 3.upto(5) { |i| puts i }
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 3
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 4
=> 5

15. Tout est objet
2.times { puts "Bonjour Supinfo." } 3.upto(5) { |i| puts i }
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 3
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 4
=> 5
p 1.zero?
=> false

16. Tout est objet
2.times { puts "Bonjour Supinfo." } 3.upto(5) { |i| puts i }
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 3
=> Bonjour Supinfo => 4
=> 5
p 1.zero? 39 + 3
=> false => 39.+(3)

17. Les variables
class A
MAX = 42
A.new("a")
@@instances = 0 A.new("b")
def initialize(name)
@name = name A.new("c")
@@instances += 1
end A.new("d")
def self.instances
A.new("e")
@@instances
end
end p A.instances #=> 5

18. Itérations

19. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a
puts i
end

20. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a
puts i
end
=> 1…9

21. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a
puts i ou
end
=> 1…9

22. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9

23. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9

24. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9
i=0
loop do
i += 1
puts i
break if 10 == i
end

25. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9
i=0
loop do
i += 1
puts i
break if 10 == i
end
=> 1…9

26. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9
i=0
loop do
i += 1 1.upto(10) do |i|
puts i next if i.odd? # pas d'impair en ruby
break if 10 == i puts i
end end
=> 1…9

27. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9
i=0
loop do
i += 1 1.upto(10) do |i|
puts i next if i.odd? # pas d'impair en ruby
break if 10 == i puts i
end end
=> 1…9 => 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

28. Itérations
a = 1..9
for i in a a = 1..9
puts i ou a.each { |i| puts i }
end
=> 1…9 => 1…9
i=0
loop do
i += 1 1.upto(10) do |i|
puts i next if i.odd? # pas d'impair en ruby
break if 10 == i puts i
end end
=> 1…9 => 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
1.upto(2) do |i|
v = rand(2)
retry if v.zero?
end

29. Conditions

30. Conditions
if index == 1
else puts ‘0’ if index.zero? puts ‘not 0’ unless index.zero?
end

31. Conditions
if index == 1
else puts ‘0’ if index.zero? puts ‘not 0’ unless index.zero?
end
def what_is_it?(a)
case a what_is_it?(1)
when 1..2 # 1 or 2
puts "1 or 2" what_is_it?(2)
when 3 # 1 or 2
puts "3" what_is_it?(3)
when /4.*/ # Regexp #3
puts "something starting with 4." what_is_it?("4004")
when "foo" # something starting with 4.
puts "foo" what_is_it?("foo")
else # foo
puts "I don't know." what_is_it?(5)
end # Don't know.
end

32. Tableaux 1/2
1

33. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23]
lost << 42 # push
lost.unshift(4)
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

34. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23]
lost << 42 # push
lost.unshift(4)
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

35. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0)
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1]
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42

36. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0)
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1]
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42

37. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]

38. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]

39. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

40. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]

41. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]

42. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]

43. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.flatten!.uniq! lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]

44. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.flatten!.uniq! lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]
lost.index(23)
#4

45. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.flatten!.uniq! lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]
lost.shuffle
lost.index(23)
# [16, 23, 42, 4, 15, 8]
[5, 3, 7, 39, 1, 15].sort
#4
# [1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 39]

46. Tableaux 1/2
1 lost = [8, 15, 16, 23] lost.at(0) lost << nil << nil
lost << 42 # push #4
lost.unshift(4) lost[-1] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # 42 nil, nil]
lost.flatten!.uniq! lost << [4, 8]
lost.compact!
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42,
# [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
[4, 8]]
lost.shuffle
lost.index(23)
# [16, 23, 42, 4, 15, 8] ('a'..'z').to_a
[5, 3, 7, 39, 1, 15].sort ["a", "b", "c", "d"…]
#4
# [1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 39]

47. Tableaux 2/2

48. Tableaux 2/2
double_lost = lost.map { |v| v * 2 }
# => [8, 16, 30, 32, 46, 84]

49. Tableaux 2/2
# lost: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
double_lost = lost.map { |v| v * 2 }
double_lost - lost
# => [8, 16, 30, 32, 46, 84]
# => [30, 32, 46, 84]

50. Tableaux 2/2
# lost: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
double_lost = lost.map { |v| v * 2 }
double_lost - lost
# => [8, 16, 30, 32, 46, 84]
# => [30, 32, 46, 84]
# intersection
double_lost & lost
# [8, 16]

51. Tableaux 2/2
# lost: [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42]
double_lost = lost.map { |v| v * 2 }
double_lost - lost
# => [8, 16, 30, 32, 46, 84]
# => [30, 32, 46, 84]
# intersection # jointure
double_lost & lost (double_lost | lost).sort
# [8, 16] # [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 30, 32, 42, 46, 84]

52. String

53. String
str = "bar"
puts 'foo #{str}'
# => foo #{str}

54. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar

55. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar
str = "a"
str.succ
# => "b"

56. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar
str = "a" str = "foon"
str.succ str.chomp
# => "b" # => "foo"

57. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar
str = "a" str = "foon"
str.succ str.chomp
# => "b" # => "foo"
str = "foo"
str.chop
# => "fo"

58. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar
str = "a" str = "foon"
str.succ str.chomp
# => "b" # => "foo"
"supinfo".capitalize
str = "foo"
# => "Supinfo"
str.chop
"supinfo".upcase
# => "fo"
# => "SUPINFO"

59. String
str = "bar" # Interpolation
puts 'foo #{str}' puts "foo #{str}"
# attention, en 1.8
# => foo #{str} # => foo bar
str = "éhé"
str.size
# => 5 et non 3
str[0]
str = "a" str = "foon"
# 195 et non é (code ascii)
str.succ str.chomp
# => "b" # => "foo"
# patché dans rails
str.mb_chars[0]
#é
"supinfo".capitalize str.mb_chars.size
str = "foo" #3
# => "Supinfo"
str.chop
"supinfo".upcase
# => "fo"
# => "SUPINFO"

60. Hash
Association clé / valeur

61. Hash
Association clé / valeur
h = { :a => 'a', :b => 42, :c => { :d => 'f' } } h2 = { :a => 'foo' }
h.merge(h2)
=> {:a=>"foo", :b=>42, :c=>{:d=>"f"}}

62. Class: les constructeurs

63. Class: les constructeurs
class A
def A.new
end
end
A.new

64. Class: les constructeurs
class A class B
def A.new def self.new
end end
end end
A.new B.new

65. Class: les constructeurs
class A class B
def A.new def self.new
end end
end end
A.new B.new
class C
def initialize
end
end
C.new

66. Class: les constructeurs
class A class B
def A.new def self.new
end end
end end
A.new B.new
class D
# pas de constructeur multiple
class C
def initialize; end
def initialize
end
def initialize(*args)
end
end
end
C.new
D.new # => KO
D.new(1) # => OK

67. Class: les accesseurs

68. Class: les accesseurs
class Product
def initialize(name, description, price)
@name = name
@description = description
@price = price
end
def name
@name
end
def name=(name)
@name = name
end
…
end

69. Class: les accesseurs
class Product
def initialize(name, description, price)
@name = name
@description = description class Product
@price = price attr_accessor :name
end attr_reader: description
attr_writer :price
def name
@name def initialize(name, description, price)
end @name = name
@description = description
def name=(name) @price = price
@name = name end
end end
…
end

70. Class: portée & héritage

71. Class: portée & héritage
class Animal
def initialize
puts "Born to be alive."
end
protected
def breathe?
puts "inhale, exhale"
true
end
private
def speak; end
end
# Animal.new.speak
# => fail with private method `speak'

72. Class: portée & héritage
class Animal class Dog < Animal
def initialize def alive?
puts "Born to be alive." puts "I'm alive" if breathe?
end end
protected def speak
def breathe? puts "woff."
puts "inhale, exhale" end
true end
end
snoopy = Dog.new
private # Born to be alive.
def speak; end snoopy.speak
end # woff.
snoopy.alive?
# Animal.new.speak # inhale, exhale
# => fail with private method `speak' # I'm alive

73. Class: étendre

74. Class: étendre
# Etendre un objet
str = "foo"
class << str
def blank?
self !~ /S/
end
end
str.blank?
# => false

75. Class: étendre
# Etendre un objet # Etendre une classe
str = "foo" class String
def blank?
class << str self !~ /S/
def blank? end
self !~ /S/ end
end
end " ".blank?
# => true
str.blank? "foo".blank?
# => false # => false

76. Class: ce qui n’existe pas
• Pas d’héritage multiple
• Basé sur les mixins
• Pas d’interface
• Pas de classe abstraite native

77. Les outils
irb : votre shell ruby
[17:59:57] fuse@h [~]$ irb
ruby-1.8.7-p302 :001 > puts ‘foo’
foo
=> nil
ruby-1.8.7-p302 :002 > 21 * 2
=> 42
ruby-1.8.7-p302 :008 > String.methods.sort
=> ["<", "<=", "<=>", "==", "===", "=~", ">", …]
rvm : gérer plusieurs versions de ruby

78. Documentation
• http://www.ruby-doc.org/
• http://www.ruby-lang.org/
• http://apidock.com/ruby
• Le pickAxe: LA référence
• http://tryruby.org/
• http://groups.google.com/group/rubyfr-
public

79. Rails
On ne va pas (ou peu) parler de:
Copieurs
Test I18n
Rake
Cache Rails 3
ActionMailer
Déploiement
ActiveSupport

80. L’Histoire
• Créé par DHH (David Heinemeier Hansson)
• Version 1 en décembre 2005
• Pragmatique dès le début: basecamp

81. Rails en entreprise
• Plus un jouet
• Présent en entreprise, grandes et petites
• Opportunités en temps que développeur

82. Les versions
• Stable actuelle: 3.0.7
• Rails 3 issue du merge avec merb (08/10)
• Framework agnostic
• Stable actuelle: 2.3.11
• La plus rencontrée en entreprise

83. Des conventions
Quelques noms barbares:
• Convention over configuration
• DRY
• MVC

84. Convention over
configuration
• Votre passion est de customiser Tomcat ?
Désolé !
• 0 conf pour commencer à développer
• Serveur web embarqué
• BDD embarquée

85. Don’t repeat yourself
• - de code = - de bug
• - de code = - de maintenance
• - de code = + de temps

86. Modèle - Vue - Contrôleur
Modèle Contrôleur Vue
Métier Fonctionnel Affichage

87. Rails en vrai
• Pas de hello world, c’est trop simple…
• La classique liste de produits plutôt.

88. Créons notre application
$ rails app
3 environnements

90. class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Modèle
end
app/models/product.rb

91. class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Modèle
end
app/models/product.rb
class ProductsController < ApplicationController Contrôleur
def index
@products = Product.all app/controllers/
end
end products_controller.rb

92. class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Modèle
end
app/models/product.rb
class ProductsController < ApplicationController Contrôleur
def index
@products = Product.all app/controllers/
end
end products_controller.rb
<html><body> Vue
<% for product in @products %>
<p><%= product.name %></p> app/views/products/
<% end %>
</body></html> index.html.erb

93. class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Modèle
end
app/models/product.rb
class ProductsController < ApplicationController Contrôleur
def index
@products = Product.all app/controllers/
end
end products_controller.rb
<html><body> Vue
<% for product in @products %>
<p><%= product.name %></p> app/views/products/
<% end %>
</body></html> index.html.erb

94. Que vient on de faire ?
• Créer une classe product qui hérite de AR::Base
Model
• Créer un contrôleur qui gère les actions (ex: index)
Contrôleur
• Créer des vues pour afficher la liste et les formulaires
Vue

95. Le modèle avec
Active Record
• S’interface avec la base de données
• SQLite par défaut
• Plus de SQL manuel
• Plus de risque d’injections

96. Créer un modèle

97. Créer un modèle
$ ruby script/generate model Product name:string description:text price:float
category_id:integer

98. Créer un modèle
$ ruby script/generate model Product name:string description:text price:float
category_id:integer
class CreateProducts < ActiveRecord::Migration
def self.up
create_table :products do |t| db/migrate/
t.string :name
t.text :description
20110322113407_
t.float :price create_products.rb
t.integer :category_id
t.timestamps
end rake db:migrate
end
def self.down
drop_table :products
end
end

99. Configuration & log

100. Configuration & log
config/database.yml
development:
adapter: sqlite3
database: db/ Adaptateurs pour MySQL,
development.sqlite3
pool: 5
Postgresql, oracle…
timeout: 5000

101. Configuration & log
config/database.yml
development:
adapter: sqlite3
database: db/ Adaptateurs pour MySQL,
development.sqlite3
pool: 5
Postgresql, oracle…
timeout: 5000
Dans le contrôleur log/development.log
Product Load (0.3ms)
@products = Product.all
SELECT * FROM "products"

102. Créer un produit

103. Créer un produit
c = Category.first
Product.create({
:name => "Ruby 'on Rails", # injection SQL
:description => "First book on RoR",
:price => 10.0,
:category => c })

104. Créer un produit
c = Category.first
Product.create({
:name => "Ruby 'on Rails", # injection SQL
:description => "First book on RoR",
:price => 10.0,
:category => c })
log/development.log
Product Create (0.8ms) INSERT INTO "products"
("name", "price", "created_at", "updated_at", "category_id", "description")
VALUES
('Ruby ''on Rails', 10.0, '2011-03-22 18:13:07', '2011-03-22 18:13:07', 1, 'First
book on RoR')

105. Encore trop complexe ?
Besoin d’un outil qui gère le CRUD en 1 commande:
• Create
• Read
• Update
• Delete

106. Scaffold

107. Scaffold

108. Plus qu’une migration
• Et vous pouvez:
• Créer des produits (Create)
• Les lister et afficher (Read)
• Les mettre à jour (Update)
• Et les supprimer (Delete)

109. En images

110. Les relations

111. Les relations
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :products
Une catégorie possède
end n produits

112. Les relations
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :products
Une catégorie possède
end n produits
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Un produit appartient à
belongs_to :category
end une catégorie

113. Les relations
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :products
Une catégorie possède
end n produits
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base Un produit appartient à
belongs_to :category
end une catégorie
ou
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
Une catégorie possède
has_and_belongs_to_many :category n produits et un
end
produit n catégories

114. Les finder

115. Les finder
Product.find(:all, :conditions => { :price => 18 })
Product.find(:first)
Product.find(:last)

116. Les finder
Product.find(:all, :conditions => { :price => 18 })
Product.find(:first)
Product.find(:last)
Plusieurs finder dynamiques:
Product.find_by_name(‘rails’)
Product.find_all_by_name(‘rails’)
Product.find_by_name_and_price(‘book’, 18)

117. Les finder
Product.find(:all, :conditions => { :price => 18 })
Product.find(:first)
Product.find(:last)
Plusieurs finder dynamiques:
Product.find_by_name(‘rails’)
Product.find_all_by_name(‘rails’)
Product.find_by_name_and_price(‘book’, 18)
Jointure:
Product.find(:all, :joins => :category,
:conditions => { :categories => { :name => "books" }})

118. Les scope

119. Les scope
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
named_scope :recent, lambda { { :conditions => ["created_at > ?", 5.days.ago] } }
named_scope :limit, lambda { |n| { :limit => n } }
named_scope :ordered_by_name, { :order => "NAME ASC" }
end

120. Les scope
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
named_scope :recent, lambda { { :conditions => ["created_at > ?", 5.days.ago] } }
named_scope :limit, lambda { |n| { :limit => n } }
named_scope :ordered_by_name, { :order => "NAME ASC" }
end
Invoquer les scope, de façon chaînable
Product.recent.ordered_by_name.limit(2)
Product Load (0.3ms) SELECT * FROM "products" WHERE (created_at > '2011-03-17
21:08:24') ORDER BY NAME ASC LIMIT 2

121. Les validations
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :category
validates_presence_of :name, :category_id
validates_numericality_of :price
et bien d’autres:
validates_confirmation_of
validates_exclusion_of
validates_format_of
validates_inclusion_of
validates_length_of
…

122. Le contrôleur avec
ActionController
• L’interface entre le modèle et la vue
• Association automatique méthode / vue
• @variable directement disponible dans la
vue
• Possibilité de filtrer des actions

123. Le routeur
config/routes.rb
ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
# RESTful /categories/1/products/1/
map.resources :categories do |category|
category.resources :products
end
# route nommée
map.purchase 'products/:id/purchase', :controller => 'catalog', :action => 'purchase'
# namespace
map.namespace :admin do |admin|
# /admin/products
admin.resource :products
end
# route par défaut
map.root :controller => 'products'
end

124. Les routes
rake routes
categories GET /categories(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"index"}
POST /categories(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"create"}
new_category GET /categories/new(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"new"}
edit_category GET /categories/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"edit"}
category GET /categories/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"show"}
PUT /categories/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"update"}
DELETE /categories/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"categories", :action=>"destroy"}
products GET /products(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"index"}
POST /products(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"create"}
new_product GET /products/new(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"new"}
edit_product GET /products/:id/edit(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"edit"}
product GET /products/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"show"}
PUT /products/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"update"}
DELETE /products/:id(.:format) {:controller=>"products", :action=>"destroy"}
/:controller/:action/:id
/:controller/:action/:id(.:format)
root / {:controller=>"products", :action=>"index"}

125. Les contrôleurs
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
before_filter :authenticate, :only => :index
def index
@products = Product.all #disponible dans la vue
respond_to do |format|
# GET /products
format.html # index.html.erb
# GET /products.xml
format.xml { render :xml => @products }
end
end
private
def authenticate
# do some stuff
end
end

126. La vue avec
ActionView
• Les vues : pas forcément du HTML
• Layout
• Partials
• Helpers

127. Les types de vues
i18n des vues
app/views/products/index.fr.html.erb
app/views/products/index.es.html.erb Rails >= 2.3

128. Les types de vues
i18n des vues
app/views/products/index.fr.html.erb
app/views/products/index.es.html.erb Rails >= 2.3
Différents formats
app/views/products/index.iphone.erb
app/views/products/index.xml.erb

129. Le layout
Squelette de base app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
Modifiable depuis <!DOCTYPE…>
<html>
le contrôleur <body>
<%= yield %>
</body>
</html>

130. Les partials
Des morceaux de vue
<!DOCTYPE…>
<html>
<body> app/views/products/_sidebar.html.erb
<%= render :partial => ‘products/sidebar’ %>
<%= yield %>
</body>
</html>

131. Exemple de vue: liste
<h1>Listing categories</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
</tr>
<% @categories.each do |category| %>
<tr>
<td><%=h truncate(category.name, :size => 10) %></td>
<td><%= link_to 'Show', category %></td>
<td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_category_path(category) %></td>
<td><%= link_to 'Destroy', category, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method
=> :delete %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>
</table>
<br />
<%= link_to 'New category', new_category_path %>

132. Exemple de vue: édition
<% form_for(@product) do |f| %>
<%= f.error_messages %>
<p>
<%= f.label :name %><br />
<%= f.text_field :name %>
</p><p>
<%= f.label :description %><br />
<%= f.text_area :description %>
</p><p>
<%= f.label :available %><br />
<%= f.check_box :available %>
</p><p>
<%= f.label :category_id %><br />
<%= f.select :category_id, (Category.all.map do |c| [c.name, c.id] end) %>
</p><p>
<%= f.submit 'Update' %>
</p>
<% end %>
<%= link_to 'Show', @product %> |
<%= link_to 'Back', products_path %>

133. Autour de Rails
• Communauté active config/environment.rb
• Autour de github Rails::Initializer.run do |config|
config.gem ‘hpricot’
•
end
Gems
• Authentification
• Pagination
• …

134. Documentation
• http://www.rubyonrails.org/
• http://guides.rubyonrails.org/
• http://apidock.com/rails
• http://railsforzombies.org/
• http://groups.google.com/group/railsfrance

135. Merci, c’est à vous !
• Des questions ?
_fuse mcatty@synbioz.com