1. 1

2. The Plant Kingdom
4 General Characteristics:
1) Multi-celled organisms
2) Plants make their own food by photosynthesis
3) They have chloroplasts
chloroplasts- organelle where
photosynthesis
takes place
•they’re green because they have chlorophyll
Chlorophyll•the chemical that gives plants their green color
•traps light energy for photosynthesis
2

3. Chloroplast
3

4. Chloroplast
4

5. 4 General Characteristics Cont’d
4) Plant cells have cell walls (animal cells do not)
cells walls
•stiff cell walls give structure to each cell
•also supports the plant
•made of cellulose
•have holes through which cells share
cytoplasm & pass nutrients sugars, water, and
hormones
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6. Photosynthesis:
Prefix photo means:
Light
Root word synthesis means:
to make
Photosynthesis Process in which plants use water, carbon
dioxide, and energy from the sun to make food
•only occurs in the chloroplasts
•releases oxygen
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7. What process is illustrated here?
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
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8. 8

9. How are plants organized?
PLANTS
Vascular
Seed Plants
Angiosperms
Nonvascular
Seedless Plants
Gymnosperms
Ferns &
related
plants
Mosses &
related
plants9

10. 2 Main Types of Plants
PLANTS
Vascular
Nonvascular
1) Vascular Plants
•broken into 2 more subgroups called:
a) seedless plants
b) seed plants
2) Nonvascular Plants
•not broken into subgroups
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11. Vascular Plants
plants that have tube-like cells
Vascular Plants- in their roots, stems, & leaves
that carry H2O and nutrients
•Vascular comes from
the Latin word
“vasculum” which
means “vessel”
•they lose their leaves like a pet sheds
•roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are all
called organs
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12. Vascular Plants: 3 organs and their jobs
Vascular Plant Organs:( roots, stems, & leaves)
ROOTS•anchors the plant into the ground
•takes in H2O & nutrients directly from the soil
STEMS•carry water to all parts of the plant
•holds the leaves up to the sunlight
LEAVES•place where all of the chloroplasts are located
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13. Vascular Plants: 2 Types of Tubes
 vascular plants have 2 different types of
tube-like structures inside them
a) xylem
b) phloem
each one has a specific function (job)
think of tiny pipes...like a plumbing system
Xylem - tube-like cells that carry water & dissolved
minerals from the roots to the leaves
Phloem- tube-like cells that carry food, which is
made in the leaves, to all parts of the plant
13

14. Phloem
Take another
L
k
xylem
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15. 15

16. Vascular Plants: Two Main Groups
PLANTS
Vascular
Seed Plants
Nonvascular
Seedless Plants
1) seedless plants
•Vascular plant that DO NOT have seeds
Ex: ferns
2) seed plants
•Vascular plant that have seeds for reproduction
Ex: conifers & flowering plants
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17. Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)
Ferns- seedless plants
•usually grow in moist shady areas
typical fern
•they have adapted to grow in other environments:
-aquatic (water)
-dry climates
-tropical regions
water horn fern
tropical fern
•stem stores the food & water
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18. Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)
The Fern Leaf
•divided into tiny leaflets that look “feathery”
•loses leaves at the end of each growing season
•ferns are classified by their leaves
The Fern Reproduction
•reproduce by spores formed on
the underside of the leaf
•the cases that hold the spores
look like brown and orange spots
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19. Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)
4 Parts of a Fern:
rhizoid-
an underground stem that
anchored by the roots
roots-
anchor the fern
Frond-
full grown leaves that stand vertically
Fiddlehead-
tightly coiled new leaves
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20. Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)
4 Parts of a Fern:
rootsrhizoid-
FrondFiddlehead20

21. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)
Conifer- a type of seed plant that
produces its seeds inside
a cone
2 main parts :
embryo-
An organism that contains a new young
plant and stored food in its earliest
stage of birth
seedA plant embryo that contains a new
young plant and stored food
surrounded by a protective coat
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23. Vascular Plants: Seed of Plants
2 Main Types Plants (conifers)
Evergreens- a type of conifer that keeps its
leaves all year long
example: pine, spruce, & fir trees
•they lose their leaves like a pet sheds
(not all at the same time)
•some lose their leaves in the fall only such as:
•larch, dawn redwood, & bald cypress
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24. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)
5 important facts about conifers
1) ¾ of the worlds lumber is from conifers
2) provide almost all of the worlds paper
3) source of turpentine's, disinfectants, and fuel
4) Provides food for many animals
5) Provides shelter for many animals
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25. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)
Directions: List 10 items that are made from
conifers
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
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26. Slide Questions Part One (slides 1-10)
Directions: Answer the following questions
1) List the 4 general characteristics of plants
2) Define photosynthesis.
3) In which organelle does photosynthesis take
place?
4) What are the 3 main ingredients for
photosynthesis?
5) List two function (job) of the cell wall in plants.
6) List the two main types of plants.
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