2. Hypothesis If parents are physically present and participating actively in the child's learning process, then the child is likely to learn effectively.

3. Against the hypothesis, we agree that If parents are physically present and participating actively in the child's learning process, then the child is likely to learn effectively. Refer to the scenario, we can see that Jeremy stay lonely at home as he gets to see his maid more than his parent. Besides, he have to complete all the task given by his parent every night even though he is tired. According to Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory, parents and other caregivers are perhaps the most powerful influences on children’s

4. personal development(Landry, Smitg, & Swank, 2006; Soenens et al.,2007). Besides, research suggests that effective teachers involve parents in their children's education, creating links between two important elements of the Microsystems(Epstein,2011). Therefore, Jeremy parent should create a caring and loving environment to Jeremy because parents actually influence on their child outweighs that of any teacher or peoples around them. If child was not motivated in their learning, parents love,

5. encouragement, and support can make everything difference. Parents can helping them emerge with a strong sense of self-confidence and the determination to succeed. Besides create a loving and caring environment to Jeremy, the best form of support is positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is the process of increasing the frequency or duration of a behavior as the result of presenting a reinforcer under Behaviorist Theory.

6. In the scenario, we can see that if Jeremy couldn’t get a good result in the exam his parent will stop him to the swimming lesson which he enjoy much. Therefore, Jeremy force himself to finish up the task given by his parent and ignore the school homework due to he scare his parent will take off his favorite swimming lesson. To solve this problem, Jeremy parent should use positive reinforcement instead of negative reinforcement. For example, Jeremy parent suppose to say that to Jeremy, “you may go to swimming

7. lesson if you could complete the task given by teachers in school.” With the positive reinforcement, Jeremy will try to complete the task given by teachers. As we know, parenting style is a general patterns of increasing with and disciplining children and it may effect children learning. Healthy parent-child relationships promote personal development by helping children acquire a sense of autonomy, competence, and belonging (Christenson & Havsy,2004). In the scenario, we can see that Jeremy parent

8. parenting style is uninvolved parenting style which they have little interest in Jeremy life and hold few expectation. From what we can see, Jeremy parent are too busy until spend less time at home. When Jeremy form teacher Ms Low try to contact them regarding Jeremy’s conduct in school, they never pick up the call and also never return the call as promise. Besides, Jeremy parent also arrange a lot of task, tuition class, study camps and enrichment class to Jeremy. Jeremy life is ruled by the timetable which cause him do not have enough time to take rest and doze off in class.

9. Besides, Jeremy also force himself to complete the task given by his parent on top of the homework from school as he scare his parent will take out his swimming lesson. Therefore, Jeremy parent parenting style was not only affecting Jeremy characteristic but also in his learning. To solve this problem, we suggest Jeremy parent to change their parenting style to authoritative parenting style which are firm but caring, explain reasons for rules, and are consistent and also have high expectations.