1. Materi 3
Perangkat Keras dan
Perangkat Lunak
Sistem Informasi Manajemen
Dr. Hary Budiarto

2. What is a Computer?
Definisi:
Suatu sistem yang mempunyai perangkat
komponen input, pengolahan, output,
storage, dan kontrol.

3. Tipe Sistem Komputer

4. Eniac (1943)
A general view of the ENIAC, the world's first all
electronic numerical integrator and computer.
From IBM Archives.

5. Mark I (1944)
The Mark I paper tape readers.
From Harvard University Cruft Photo Laboratory.

6. IBM SSEC (1948)

7. The First Mouse (1964)

8. Computer Today
Sound
3D
Animation
Video
Devices
Size (small->very
large)
Portable (PDA,
phone)
Plasticity
Context
sensitive/aware
Personalizable
Ubiquitous

9. Sistem Mikrokomputer
Personal Computer (PC) – adalah
mikrokomputer yang digunakan secara
individu
Professional Workstation – adalah komputer
yang terkoneksi pada suatu jaringan untuk
digunakan dalam pengolhan busnis
Laptop – adalah komputer kecil yang dapat
dibawah kemana-mana

10. Sistem Mikrokomputer …Cont.
Network Server – adalah komputer yang
kinerjanya lebih baik digunakan untuk
resource sharing dalam jaringan komputer
dan digunakan sebagai server untuk
internet
Computer Terminals – adalah komputer
yang mempunyai ketergantungan pada
komputer server untuk kemampuan
perangkat lunaknya, storage dan
processingnya

11. Sistem Mikrokomputer ….Cont
Network Computers –adalah komputer
yang mempunyai tempat storage yang
minimal dan tersambung pada jaringan
komputer.
Information Appliances – adalah suatu
perangkat mikrokomputer bertipe hand-
held.

12. Fitur PC

13. Sistem Komputer Midrange
Definisi:
Merupakan jaringan server primer yang
dapat menangani pengolahan data skala
luas dengan berbagai aplikasi bisnis

14. Mainframe Systems
Definition:
Adalah sistem komputer yang sangat
cepat, dan berkinerja tinggi.

15. Supercomputer Systems
Definisi:
Adalah sistem komputer yang didesain
khusus untuk keperluan scientific,
engineering, dan aplikasi binis yang
membutuhkan kecepatan dan perhitungan
numerik yang sangat besar.

16. Sistem Fungsi Organisasi Hardware
Input Devices berfungsi untuk mengkonversi
data ke bentuk elektronik dalam sistem
komputer secara langsung maupun melalui
suatu jaringan telekomunikasi
Processing Components, adalah bagian utama
yang berfungsi sbg Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) – adalah bentuk
fungsi aritmetika dan logika yang dibutuhkan
untuk menjalankan software

17. Sistem Fungsi Organisasi Hardware
Output Devices adalah perangkat yang
memproduksi informasi elektronik untuk
keperluan presentasi pada end users
Storage Devices adalah tempat penyimpanan
data yang diproses melalui suatu intruksi yang
dijalankan melalui software
Control Components adalah bagian utama dari
CPU’s yang menginterprestasikan instruksi yang
harus dijalankan dalam melakukan kegiatan
pengontrolan.

18. Computer Processing Speeds
Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second
Nanosecond – billionth of a second
Picosecond – trillionth of a second

19. Computer Clock Speeds
MIPS – million instructions per second
Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per
second
Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per
second

20. Throughput
Definition:
Kemampuan microprocessor melakukan tugas
yang diberikan untuk proses komputasi dan
pengolahan data secara penuh selama periode
waktu tertentu
Depends on:
Buses – size of circuitry paths that interconnect
microprocessor components
Registers – that process instructions
Cache – high-speed memory
Specialized Processors

21. Computer Peripherals
Definition:
Nama umum yang diberikan untuk semua
perangkat input, output dan storage yang
merupakan suatu bagian dari sistem
komputer yang bukan bagian dari CPU.

22. Peripherals Advice

23. Online vs. Offline
Online – devices are separate from but
can be electronically connected to and
controlled by a CPU
Offline – devices are separate from and
not under the control of the CPU

24. Input Technologies
Keyboard
Pointing Devices
Pen-Based Computing
Speech Recognition Systems
Optical Scanning

25. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Definition:
Icons, menus, windows, buttons, bars, etc
used for user selection

26. QWERTY Layout Keyboard
_ +
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
Q W E R T Y U I O P
: quot;
A S D F G H J K L ; '
< > ?
Z X C V B N M , . /

27. Dvorak Layout Keyboard
< +
7 5 3 1 9 0 2 4 6 8 > =
quot; ?
'
, . P Y F G R C L /
_
A O E U I D H T N S -
:
; Q J K X B M W V Z

28. Pointing Devices
Electronic Mouse – Moving mouse on pad
moves cursor on screen. Pressing buttons on
mouse activates activities represented by
selected icons.
Trackball – Stationary device with a roller ball on
top used to move cursor on screen.
Pointing Stick – Small button-like device which
moves cursor in direction of pressure placed on
stick.

29. Pointing Device

30. Pointing Devices
Touchpad – Small rectangular touch-
sensitive surface which moves the cursor
in the direction of finger moves on the pad.
Touch Screen – Video display screen that
emits a grid of infrared beams, sound
waves, or a slight electric current that is
broken when the screen is touched.

31. Pointing Device

32. Pen-based Computing
Definition:
Pressure-sensitive layer under slate-like
liquid crystal display screen and software
that digitizes handwriting, hand printing,
and hand drawing

33. Speech Recognition Systems
Discrete – user must pause between each
spoken word
Continuous – software can recognize
conversationally-paced speech

34. Optical Scanning
Definition:
Devices that read text or graphics and
convert them into digital input for your
computer

35. Optical Character Recognition
(OCR)
Definition:
The machine identification of printed
characters through the use of light-
sensitive devices

36. Digital Sculpture
To record and archive the
morphological features of
heritage artifacts from
the past culture

37. Other Input Technologies
Magnetic Stripe – devices that read data
stored in the magnetic stripe on the back
of cards
Smart Cards – devices that read a
microprocessor chip embedded in a card

38. Other Input Technologies
Digital cameras – devices that allow you to
capture, store, and download still photos
and full motion pictures
Magnetic Ink Recognition (MICR) –
devices that can read characters printed
on source documents with an iron oxide-
based ink

39. Output Technologies
Video Output
Printed Output
Voice Response

40. Video Output
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – similar to
vacuum tubes in television
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – electronic
visual displays that form characters by
applying an electrical charge to selected
silicon crystals

41. Printed Output
Inkjet Printers – spray ink onto the page
Laser Printers – use an electrostatic
process similar to a photocopying machine

42. Storage Trade-Offs

43. Binary Representation
Definition:
Data are processed and stored in a
computer system through the presence or
absence of electronic or magnetic signals
in the computer’s circuitry or in the media
it uses

44. Bit vs. Byte
Bit – binary digit, which can have a value
of either zero or one
Byte – basic grouping of bits that the
computer operates as a single unit,
typically eight bits

45. Storage Capacities
Kilobyte (KB) – one thousand bytes
Megabytes (MB) – one million bytes
Gigabytes (GB) – one billion bytes
Terabytes (TB) – one trillion bytes
Petabytes (PB) – one quadrillion bytes

46. ASCII Codes

47. Binary Number System
Definition:
Number system used by computers to
perform computations since it has only two
digits

48. Binary Number System

49. Direct vs. Sequential Access
Direct (or Random) Access – Each
storage position has a unique address.
Each storage position can be individually
accessed without having to search through
other storage positions.
Sequential Access – Data are recorded
one after another in a predetermined
sequence. Locating an individual item of
data requires searching the recorded data
until the desired item is located.

50. Direct vs. Sequential Access

51. Semiconductor Memory
Characteristics:
Small
Fast
Shock Resistant
Temperature Resistant
Volatile – contents of memory is lost when
power is interrupted
Used for Primary Storage

52. RAM vs. ROM
Random Access Memory (RAM) – each
memory position can be both sensed and
changed
Read Only Memory (ROM) – can be read
but not erased or overwritten

53. Firmware
Definition:
Frequently used programs which are
permanently burned into ROM during
manufacture

54. Magnetic Disks
Characteristics:
Fast
Large
Reasonably Priced
Used for Secondary Storage

55. Types of Magnetic Disks
Floppy Disks – single disk inside a
protective jacket
Hard Disk Drives – several disks, access
arms and read/write heads in a sealed
module
Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks
(RAID) - disk arrays of interconnected
microcomputer hard disk drives

56. Formatting Disks

57. Hard Disk Drives

58. Magnetic Tape
Definition:
Read/write heads of magnetic tape drives
record data in the form of magnetized
spots on the iron oxide coating of the
plastic tape

59. Optical Disks

60. Software

61. Remote Information System
Satellite Connection
Camera
Control Screen
High Res Screen Modem Connection
Microscope
Keypad

62. Remote Information System Application

64. Summary
Major types of computers include
microcomputers, midrange computers,
mainframe computers and
supercomputers.
A computer is a system of information
processing components that perform input,
processing, output, storage, and control
functions.