2. ”…….a man shal more profite, in one wike, by
figures and chartis, well and properly made, than he
shall by only reding or herying the rules of that
science by the space of half a yer at the lest…….”
Thomas Elyot (1531)
3. Robinson og Petcheniks model
U
A
M3
M2
M1
A = World of the cartographer
B = World of the map reader
M1 = Map reader already knows
M2 = Information apprehended by B
M3 = Information missed by B
B
U = Indirectly expanded
knowledge of geographic
content
(Induction)
7. Historic primary colours
Primary colours
Secondary
colours
Yellow
Green
Orange
Red
Violet
Blue
Tertiary colours
Yellow
Orange
Red
Violet
Blue
Green
7
30. Lesbarhet
Red text on blue
background is difficult
for the eye
(big difference in refraction index)
31. Svart mot gult
Skandinaviska
Färginstituttet,
Johansson 2002
Hvit mot rødaktig blå
93,1 %
Svart mot hvit
88,6 %
Blått mot gult
Readability
94,2 %
83,2 %
Rødt mot gult
79,5 %
Rødt mot grønt
66,9 %
Blått mot rødt
65,8 %
Blått mot grønt
55,4 %
Svart mot rødt
49,9 %
Mørkegrått mot rødt
48,1 %
Hvit mot gul
46,8 %
Grått mot grønt
Grått mot blått
Lys grå mot gul
44,0 %
43,2 %
42,5 %
33. Blue
Blue and purple is a colour for kings
Blue water and sky
Blue is the coldest colour
Blue is symbolizing cleanness
The colour of poetry
Blue is sadness and blues
Symbolizes piece
Uncertainty
Blue-eyed, naïve
Conservative politics
34. Grønt
Comforting effect
Growth and fertility
Spring and hope
Green - go (drive) here
Greenhorn – rookie - unexperienced
Jealousi
Environment
Freedom – green stripe in Italian flag
34
87. Visual variables for presenting
time
Order - ordering variables (location, size, value ..)
The visual variable showing time has to be different from
the visual variable for the main phenomenon.
88. How can we perceive the
«time variable»
Focus on main phenomenon – time comprehended by the
periheral-sight
Peripheral-sight is sensitive for value, less sensitive for
colours
Minimizing the eye movement between the main
phenomenon and the time variable
89. Visualization of time - examples
Time illustrated by a linear animation
Time illustrated by a cirkular animation
Time illustrated by a text
Other animations of time
90. Activating legend
Symbols in the legend are interactive
A ghost image of the symbol is “draggable”
The “ghost symbol” can be compared to the animated
symbol in the map
A growing bar is indicating time
When the “ghost symbol” overlap the map symbol more
information is showed in the time bar
For example indication if the animated symbol is larger
or less then the corresponding symbol in the legend
Example
91. Animated legend
For the closer study of selected sites in an animated
map. Selection of site by draggable arrow.
Ghost of animated symbol is showed in legend
Size of ghost symbol corresponds to size of animated
map symbol
Position of ghost symbol is also adapted to the
legend
Example
92. Animated legend with tracking
To better study the variation in the animated
map symbol over a certain period of time
The variation is represented by a curve in the
time-indicator
Example 1
Example 2
93. Multiple tracks
To compare animated symbols in different
sites
Choice of sites by arrows
Colour-code on the different sites
Example
94. Combination of time bar and legend
Colours from the choropleth map in the time
indicator
Tracks/curves are indicating the history of the
situation in the area
Example
