1. CHAPTER 3: THE
GROWTHI C A E X ANYOUNG
AMER
OF P A D S I N T H E
NATIONY
FIRST HALF OF THE 19
TH
CENTUR
2. THE JEFFERSONIAN ERA: SECTION 1
• Election of 1800 pitted
Thomas Jefferson and his
Democratic-Republican
Party vs. John Adams and
his Federalist Party
• While Jefferson defeated
Adams by 8 electoral
votes, he tied his running
mate, Aaron Burr
• For six days the House of
Reps took vote after vote
until 36 votes later –
Jefferson prevailed (Led
to 12th Amendment)
3rd President of the U.S.
1800-1808
4. SIMPLIFYING THE GOVERNMENT
Jefferson’s theory of
government, known as
Jeffersonian
Republicanism, held
that simple, limited
government was the
best for the people
Jefferson decentralized
the government, cut
costs, reduce
bureaucracy, and
eliminate taxes
Jefferson Memorial
5. JOHN MARSHALL AND THE POWER
OF THE SUPREME COURT
• Before leaving office, John
Adams (2nd
President), attempts to “pack”
the Federal courts with
Federalists Judges
• Jefferson argued this was
unconstitutional
• Supreme Court Chief Justice
Marshall rules in Marbury v.
Madison (1803) that part of the
Judicial Act was
unconstitutional
• Established principle of
Judicial Review – the ability of
the Supreme Court to declare
a law unconstitutional
6. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
• By 1803, French leader
Napoleon had
abandoned his dreams of
an American Empire
• He needed money to
fight European wars, so he
accepted Jefferson’s
offered of $15,000,000
• More than doubled the
size of our country
• Lewis and Clark ordered
to go explore new territory
7. MADISON ELECTED PRESIDENT
• After two
terms, Jefferson is
succeeded by James
Madison
• Madison was two-term
President 1808-1816
• Known as the “Father of
the
Constitution, Madison
also is known for his
leadership during the
War of 1812
4th President 1808-1816
8. WAR OF 1812 – U.S. VS. BRITAIN
• Causes: British
“impressment” (seizing
Americans at sea and
drafting them into their
navy) upset Americans
• The War: 1814 – British sack
D.C. Burn White house
• Andrew Jackson leads
great victory in New
Orleans
• Treaty of Ghent
signed, Christmas Eve, 1814
British Impressment of U.S.
seamen upset Americans
9.
10. RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812
Results of the war
included:
End of the Federalist
Party (opposed war)
Encouraged
industries in U.S.
Confirmed status of
U.S. as a
strong, free, and
independent nation
Despite the burning of the President’s
mansion, the U.S. emerged strong
11. NATIONALISM SHAPES POLICY
• James Monroe was
elected president in 1816
• Immediately, Nationalism
clearly established as key
concern of administration
• Treaty with Britain to jointly
occupy the Oregon
Territory
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
secured Florida &
southern- most areas of SE
America
12. THE MONROE DOCTRINE
• In the early 19th
Century, various
European countries
hinted at increased
colonization
• In his 1823 address to
Congress, Monroe
made it clear to
Europe: Don’t
interfere with Western
Hemisphere (Monroe
Doctrine)
14. REGIONAL ECONOMIES CREATE
DIFFERENCES
• The Northeast continued
to develop industry while
the South and West
continued to be more
agricultural
• The Industrial Revolution
reached America by the
early-mid 19th century
• New England first to
embrace factory system
• Especially in textile
(fabric) mills
15. SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL
• Meanwhile, the South
continued to grow as an
agricultural power
• Eli Whitney’s invention of
the Cotton Gin (1793)
made producing cotton
even more profitable
• The South became a
“Cotton Kingdom”
• More labor was needed –
1790 = 700,000 slaves
1820 = 1,500,000 slaves
Cotton Gin quickly separated
cotton fiber from seeds
16. BALANCING NATIONALISM AND
SECTIONALISM
• Economic differences
created political tension
between North & South
• As the regions moved
apart, politicians
attempted to keep nation
together
• House Speaker Henry
Clay’s American Plan
called for a protective
tariff, a National Bank,
and an improved
infrastructure to help
travel
17. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
• In 1818 settlers in Missouri
applied for statehood
• Northerners and
Southerners disagreed on
whether Missouri should
be admitted as a “free”
state
• Henry Clay organized a
compromise in which
Missouri was “slave” but
Maine would be “free”
• Also Louisiana Territory
split at 36 30’ north HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT
latitude COMPROMISER
