The document provides information about the cardiovascular system. It discusses that the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The system circulates blood throughout the body to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and removes waste products. The circulation is divided into systemic circulation from the heart to tissues and back, and pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and back. The document further details the structures and functions of the heart, blood vessels, blood, and discusses diseases associated with the cardiovascular system like hypertension, heart failure, heart attack, angina, and myocardial infarction.
3. Cardiovascular System
• It is composed of Heart, Blood vessels and
Blood.
• The Cardiovascular System effects the
circulation of blood around the body, which
bring about transport of nutrients, hormones and
oxygen to the tissues and the removal of waste
products.
4. Circulatory System
• The Circulatory System is an organ system that
passes blood and lymph to and from cells in the
body.
The Circulatory system as composed of the
Cardiovascular System, which distributes blood,
and the lymphatic system, which returns excess
filtered blood plasma from the interstitial fluid
(between cells) as lymph.
The Circulation is divided into two parts-
1. General or systemic circulation.
2. Pulmonary circulation.
8. Portal circulation
A general term
denoting the
circulation of blood
through larger vessels
from the capillaries of
one organ to those of
another; applied to the
passage of blood from
the gastrointestinal
tract and spleen
through the portal vein
to the liver.
10. Passage of Blood Through the Heart
• Sequence of blood flow :
superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium
→ right ventricle → pulmonary arteries →
lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left
ventricle → aorta → to the body.
16. Circulation
Functions of circulation
1. To supply the O2, nutrition, vitamins to the tissues.
2. To carry away different metabolic waste products
and CO2 from tissues for elimination.
3. To prevent intravascular coagulation of blood.
4. Helps to maintain thermal balance through out the body.
5. Maintain optimum environment for cellular function.
17. It is composed of-
a) Heart,
b) Blood vessels-
Artery,
Vein,
Capillaries.
c) Blood
Blood Circulatory System
18. Blood Vessels
Can be classified in two major types :
Artery : Vessels that carry oxygenated blood
(except pulmonary artery) is called artery e.g.
Aorta, arterioles.
Veins : Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood
(except pulmonary vein) is called vein e.g.
Superior venacava, venules.
19. Heart
• It is a central pumping organ. It receives and
pumps out blood to the whole body.
• The Heart placed obliquely 1/3 of it lies to the
right side and 2/3 to the left side.
• The Heart measure about 12X9 cm & weight
about 300gm in male & 250 gm in female.
23. Chambers of Heart
Upper portion of heart-
• Right atrium
• Left atrium
Lower portion of heart-
• Right ventricle
• Left ventricle
Receiving chambers
Distributing chambers
25. Valves of Heart
• The Heart is provided with valves to prevent the
backward flow of blood.
• There are four main valves-
1.Right atrioventricular valve
or Tricuspid valve
1. Left atriventricular valve or
Bicuspid valve or Mitral valve
1.Pulmonary valve
2.Aortic valve
26.
27.
28. The heart consists of three layers:
1. The Pericardium or outer layer
2. The Myocardium or the middle muscular layer
3. The Endocardium or the inner layer
Structures of Heart
29.
30. Blood
Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue
that circulates through the whole body by the
Heart. It forms about one-twentieth of the body
weight. So that the average volume is 5-6 liters.
Blood = blood cells + plasma
31.
32. Components of blood
• Human body consists of a solid part(45%) and a
fluid part (55%)
• The components of Human blood are-
1.Plasma- It is liquid part of blood, which is a
solution of protein and salts.
2.Blood cells (Solid part)-
a) Red blood cells (RBC) or, Erythrocytes
b) White blood cells (WBC) or, Leykocytes
c) Platelets or, Thrombocytes
33. Functions of Blood
1. Carry oxygen (O2) and carbon-dioxide (CO2)
2. Carry minerals, hormones,waste materials,
antibody etc.
3. Temerature control.
34. Blood Pressure
It is the lateral pressure exerted by the moving
blood on the vessel wall while flowing through it.
BP = CO X PR
BP = Blood Pressure
CO = Cardiac output
PR = Peripheral resistance
36. Types of Blood pressure
Systolic pressure: It is the maximum pressure during systole.
It is about: 100-140 mm of Hg.
Average: 120 mm Hg
Diastolic pressure: It is the minimum pressure during diastole.
It is about: 60-90 mm Hg
Average: 80 mm Hg
38. Functions of blood pressure
It is essential for the flow of blood through the circulatory
tree
It provides motive force for filtration at the capillary bed
which is essential for-
• a. Tissue nutrition b. Formation of urine
• c. Formation of lymph d. For venous return
40. DISEASES
Hypertension
Hypertension is a clinical condition in which the
Blood pressure is chronically elevated.
Hypertension is a clinical
• Primary or Essential Hypertension
• When arterial blood pressure persistently exceeds
150/90 or 160/100 mm of Hg. Its cause is unknown.
• Secondary Hypertension
• It is due to other diseases, as renal diseases,
phaeochromocytoma, by excess secretion of
glucocorticoids or aldosterone, by coarctation of
aorta.
41. HYPERTENSION cont’d
Types of Hypertension
• Primary or Essential Hypertension
When arterial blood pressure persistently exceeds
150/90 or 160/100 mm of Hg. Its cause is unknown.
• Secondary Hypertension
It is due to other diseases, as renal diseases,
phaeochromocytoma, by excess secretion of
glucocorticoids or aldosterone, by coarctation of
aorta.
43. Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) often
called congestive heart
failure (CHF) is an
inability of the heart to
provide sufficient pump
action to distribute blood
flow to meet the needs
of the body.
44. Heart Attack
A state results from
the interruption of
blood supply to
heart muscle.
45. Angina
Angina or angina pectoris is a discomfort/pain in
the chest and adjacent area due to a transiently
inadequate blood
supply to the heart.
46. Stable angina
Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that often
occurs with activity or stress. It is relieved with rest
or medicine called Nitroglycerin.
Vasospastic angina
This type of angina is caused by spasm of the
coronary arteries
47. Cardiac arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rate, rhythm & conduction.
Tachycardia
Means fast heart rate. Usually more than 100
beat/minute.
Bradycardia
Means slow heart rate. Usually less than 60
beat/minute.
Animated picture fly in and box out(Intermediate)Tip: For best results when reproducing the picture effect on this slide, you may want to use the Snap objects to other objects feature. To do so, right-click the slide background and then click Grid and Guides. Under Snap to, select Snap objects to other objects.To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture.In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert.On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size & Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 4” and the width is set to 5.33”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the Croppane, under Crop position, enter values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the Size pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange,point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center.Click Align Middle.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left).On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.Select the rectangle. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the in the Shape Height box, enter 0.05”.In the Shape Width box, enter 10.3”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then click Blue, Accent 1 (first row, fifth option from the left).Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Preset, and then under Presets, click Preset 8 (second row, fourth option from the left).Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.Repeat this process three more times for a total of four rectangles.Drag one of the rectangles until the bottom edge of the rectangle meets the top edge of the picture.Drag another rectangle until the top edge of the rectangle meets the bottom edge of the picture.Press and hold CTRL, and then select the other two rectangles. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 7.8”.In the Shape Width box, enter 0.05”.Drag one of the vertical rectangles until the right edge of the rectangle meets the left edge of the picture.Drag the other vertical rectangle until the left edge of the rectangle meets the right edge of the picture. Press and hold CTRL, and then select both of the horizontal (top and bottom) rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignCenter.Press and hold CTRL, and then select both of the vertical (left and right) rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignMiddle.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four rectangles on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then under Entrance click Fly In.On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 2.0.On the slide, select the top horizontal rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click FromBottom.On the slide, select the bottom horizontal rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then clickFrom Top.On the slide, select the left vertical rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then clickFrom Right.On the slide, select the right vertical rectangle. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click From Left.On the slide, select the picture. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Box, and then click OK.With the picture selected, also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click Out.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 0.7In the Delay box, enter 1.3.Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four rectangles on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then under Exit click Fly Out.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 2.0. Also on the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AnimationPane. On the slide, select the top horizontal rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click ToBottom. On the slide, select the bottom horizontal rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Top.On the slide, select the left vertical rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Right.On the slide, select the right vertical rectangle. In the Animation Pane, select the highlighted fly-out effect. In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click To Left.On the slide, select the picture. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click AddAnimation, and then click More Exit Effects. In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Box, and then click OK.In the AnimationPane, select the 10th animation (box exit effect). In the Animation group, click EffectOptions, and then click In.On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPreviousIn the Duration box, enter 0.7.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Backgrounddialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select the first stop from left in the slider, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 46%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Select the second stop from the leftin the slider, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 60% (third row, fifth option from the left).