เรียนรู้เรื่องสภามหาวิทยาลัย บทบาท หน้าที่ ในการกำกับดูแลให้มหาวิทยาัยดำเนินการไปได้อย่ามีประสิทธิภาพ มีธรรมาภิบาล และมีส่วนสำคัญมากในการปฏิรูปอุดมศึกษา

1. unfiouo
nfiunndnltrufinatdu 6a av{nuugtqmawufinw#a fruhfrIunfituunutuwu rhriuuavflontunsionruawuv{u?uts
uwinwdu dalrt fiottaeitsqffiuIauufiat{l{ atix'hfintu ilrmouqqudntfi?iau"lv4jritfiIilnwta{ndwnutvtutitduazne'tuehilry
?nnntrilnlifrnwufinuiuarixrfiwno dwa'lf,uton*frnsuoitirqnnalfirhxrhuuiltnfiNttffinurufinut#affiutdatilu6us6us
uavritrtutJtvudrfiufiwannnala uvnnudiolffitnnsliuasvtunzuila{uehilryvawttrJfiyJqnufrnwtailnu4hndilfriuzh#a
a q'ldw nhlfin nJfiyJ a v{tJ w n a rJ Ltav u n u 1 n v a r n t fir n fidn tu u fi n u #u tfru ri a u
irdrfirg: an Nvfiv eniu, n nJfi yJ qnu 6nvt
Abstrocl
The Boord of Trustees, the supreme governing body which is responsible for olt offoirs of the orgonizotion os mentioned
in all University Acts, has ultimote power to formutote policy ond to exercise control over oll sectors in the university
through its executive oficers. However, most of the Thoi higher educotion communities has not yet realized about the exercise
of this power ond even moy not cleorly understond the duties of the Boord. Some people ore ombitious to become Boord
members just to fulf;ll their fome ond sociol respectfulness and hence perform their duties like rubber stamps.
This poper therefore analyses ond reviews mojor foctors of why the reform of Thoi higher educotion system will not be possible
if there is on ignoronce of self+eform of the Board oJ Trustees.
Ke;rwords: Boord of Trustees, Higher Educotion Reform
^It unu"l
-durfi orornn:vuanr:!fi :lonl6nurfiriirailt6'iud! i
nrrrLaulo o slorufi'?tdlur6uvd orrin:iir 6'rur,rdrfifi nra
!e
od4Y
ou'1{111fl aon?1:.ra1r:014:oailtua??0.1fl 't:uf iuqqilfi nu1
d4
^ o !4
fl n0 dn1lJ14'r?Yr u1a u fl {no [uuo{nnfuvananl 0nn1:u:141:
au<4v40f
il14',r?yl u 1a u {.i:J14u1il tunl:fl 114uFlu LU1J'r U fl 1 nU
uasfi nnrrnr:uiyr:6'ornr:rr,trivrurd'u"Lfi'rilutrjodrr
fi rJ:v?vr6nrr rfi orJ:vTutdarto.ltj:strnr"luuur?il u'ra'u
rfi oa'ro:r iravrfi oil:vrvrfi trfilors:ril
o drrt:fi nril rrfi'irocfi ?io nnuilr u $avrTrnr:uiur:or rin:
id
yr:uun.in'r'uJa'rn[rJlJo.r6t]rryriilura"cl 1{odrrd'nrouuar
O ,a qa q d
ttsr Luyt1wflljF| fl auilu?1fl ::lJn1:an13.J14'r?ytu1au :Jfrl.t
- ! &. ! -,
anufusyl6tnFr.ttlj'r:J'rtil0tuurfl u:n$nn't66r'1uuo9lilfl nu1UI
4dta
14:Otfl U:9|$n9|?fl 55iln15[0.i il'rfl fl ?'tiu ttj'r:Jru{u:r4'r:$au
sirrfr unr:fi'lJodrr r{iufi ocva-nurus otirr roroir uord'r
oudrlrin::r nr:rrryiruluanriluriy ura-u 6r rYrLior:ni
!'
atn ril uri il u r du fi grt.t ro.: rfi s : ?io r o d'i r r{Ju a n r rfi u : fr I n!
u:0 an'1915'tu'r.i
o r n n r : 6 n ur n u'i r a n r r u ri il u r a-u I oltv u fi a'n uru v fi rn u
u dt v d 4 vq
o u [u ua nuruv rail r s H o rfi u u fiu an u uriil u 1 d'ulu: v d'u a 1 n a
v qY d 4 e 6 v
avv0u !14[14u{t{?rNtn'::tJ01u'touu! $avn?l}Jtuuailn:ilitnv'{']n
iq a v { | +,v o
vttJ{51flou tuff.inil [vtu t{u utJuttflJililolulau15lJ LUU{ou Lu
! s! !
anruvriuurd'u lirlri'fr'vr:rnrurslurrvi'ruonifi rutrjufl un::lnr:ltl!
&^a n 1 ilu't ? vt tJ l a u fl : 0 il n un :{ a v Ma l u 6l tJ 14'l?vt u l a u
v,x
ri'r fi v d's o r n n r : rJ
fr ; rJ n r : 6 n ur vr'16's{r rfi u il r 6'.: usi tJ fl fi . te ddte
t6'rt' n r : n : c o r u o'r u r n n r : uB u r : o r n rir fin r r u n ru v n : :rin r :
nr:qoufi nur (ano.) ua vor nnsuvn::rnr:rir:rtnr:vra riou
luqor6nur (nilo) 6'r u nr:rfr rdruro nr:6'rr?u1o to.r usiav
anriluriilfl rdu Tosfiruunl#druronr:uiur:o'nnr:uyru
, i' qe e a X i -
vrfl ou'r{uua1il156to1 tuun15 114$a?t650 ttav6u6nilafl 1il14'r?vtulautl
c 'f d' A a 4 o I
hi'jrovrilurioror4iGraa"nqm: rJirUcUr uEooiruurirvrTrrnr: rar
.i d" q a o ' X
ttJ03.r0'l1"J1an1:nndu laltavn?']r.r:1Jr.r9ltouq.i3Jrntljuu
- u !-
an'rililr?ilu14uil t9lil01QxJafl 19fus tuu afl 1 tfl u5Flufl a{n?:
fi n r :rl fr ;il n u ro { r? :l v ur n rfi or nr u fi o vr a r n tf, e u r u
lunr:s{rrflunr:rov.lru!3ur: anuurivuriiuturrusros

2. !RhurEjzilcsssulfiu.lNtJhr-nzr-u I I3
d v u tt ,
^ - - J
r,,r'r u fl r n u er $n n n s m o.i n 1ll irlt il fi o to u 6'r u ra il o 0.i fl o a fufr!i
d 4
^ - AY ,
!lnna1fl Lt14l?ytu'tauil t114fl 1aufl n:0nn!0u'l{xJ1nil18Ft? u tta?
n::!fl r:afl rily'r':iluraufi dorfilonral:rnn6o u{Judriauiril
re, & - ^ - Z - & d,
tFr u 0 fl n :{ Q.r Fl? :3J n 1 : Q Ft F].i 611"J fl {'t UAfl 1 !t 14't? yt U't A U t u:]'t rU u
4 4 rvq
L.l o ru u rr.J [u fl 1 : vl 1 {'t uo u ]{ d'o ta u rfi 0lfi'a.lt] r :n rJ fr rio sr r u n r : s
v Avw | 4, I oea - ";i,14U'lyl LnAUl.lllljiuAyldtlll',1 n0 LUtnnfl MAnUtlJyl[UUAlnA
a1:.J1:fr rrd?{14'tytinurn: !1d#ueJ1-]un1:n'r ufi ufi onr:to.l
!r ed q
l.tv1?vr u1aurt13.ril tax.Jnl::yu L? lutt15na
-.g aonlhuouju!"luao{fn']uh'lsnU1au
anrtlilleyu'ra'uluau;ta ulinl qT:r.lr,tiolr,trivrur#ulu
! ' u-'u,t
:v Frua1 fl a ilfl ila fl Bfuyl,{uf, '11.J:?:J fl un{no LlJu
t. urun?ja1r]il1iyru1a-u 6od'?rryluoei1.ifl n6'0.iet'D]fl fl 14r.nu
rfi ulrafiqdurro.i fffl rily'riyrur6'u (n::x.rnr:anr:^naivrur6'u
virudu aroliryrirfi uuvt1lu1unafl 1ily'rivrura-ert6' yrnt6'iu
's & -n1:}tou14s.Jru) louil'.tn'rurunant!uliytu1a'utuoruv
9o v a { d d, 9o a
ryn'rn! [tav00n1:uF] Lu6'ruvilu:14't:00 rljur.Jfil Lu1-Jfl 1:
q 4 - Aw
tuul u tta v tlu r] ? ![yt ul 0 { tJ 14't? il u 1 a u tn a o.i a { u't t]
tu[ana1:
u'r u ndr 1il14revr ura'ufi ufirfi :t u.i1ud1 rauoantuu
I o{an1ilu1ivr ur #u ulejur eJ r,16o fr nvnrlufl tiuiur :.
-i , !
[[r.iuo'ttu!n1: ilau3.tFlvtu:s?11] ttna']0't:tuv r,l1!a0
(Med ia) $a s ri ouilx u { 1 uirfi fi r,lrirfi n uraYu fr orrouds
6'runonr:rurivrEJrd'u (Pubtic officia[s)
o d A Auv-
afl M41?Vl UlAU:J4il0[[Ay0',t1]1A[F]ilytFt1l.til LA:U
nr:rirvuprtflunlu:Jru.|u6'ruva{FiFtruu 6rfi raurv
urunaRr:Jylivr ura'urvirfiufi ?{1r.r1:fid1 rauo:'r u{ru
(Speak) tunr:to:ornnai (Commitments) uas"Lu
Oa
fl 1:91't tl.JUfl Q n::il [U5'l1.Jv1 0.iff n]ilU1?vt UtA B
f, rfi ovn nrir ruo udreifi rJ:vtlraa'rx.r14'rivruld'u tri'irov rfl u$!i
tv
?r:vnr:il:vqrJ, {o[a!0, Ifr torfi rJ:vtr uruuei1 tfi un1:,
ff 1 :aurvrrl .dola. r,t6o do uiu nio{to os 6'oln ndr tauo!
a-i<iA,r^
rJ 1 U0 fi fl 1 :U O q { n 0 ?'r [u u4 u :14 1 : q { q 9] (L t u) fl 0.i a fl r u u
r,riolvrivrur6'u uavr.Jfr 116r,rrirfiluoruvtor4'iluou
druro (Delegated authority) alnanlilulivrurd'u
oBnr:u66r u{iu{rlfr {6rrurfi uwrfirtdur lurvrivrur6'u
-id,iw^
fr fr rarir fr iu fr orfl o u Fi o ti a fl 'l : n : v dr (Acco u nta b l.e )
sionruv n::r n'r:uiur: an1xJ14'tiil ura u
o!
n? r ilil u 1 u'r illn 1 fi o v a v ffi rr dr ur o vrirfi t o r oB n r :l 6
nr:16'iunr:r-1fr uaoornanrruleilu'ra-u
n:Til n1:4fl 1ilr,triil urduq s 6'orh^i rir rfi unr:1#rfi o
do4nrfi'u u6o donnal luuutoluurivrurfru ilio
'luurlt r o r a n r:J u1i vl u I 6'u
7.
8.
fl ::r.r fl l:afl lLrvrr?vrura'u6'or tuao{nuodr{ rtjn rzu u
rioaror:cuv'jr16'n:vlirnr:rfi oanriluriil urd'u (Speakin g
for the board ) frldr{Jun'rrrvru (Not representing the
board) to{anrlturiilurfru
.iq
n 1 :a 0 al : L9l.l : vy? 1 { n fuc n ::Ll n 1 :afl 1 }.t 141 ? il u 1 a t
l#rfl uhlor u n r :rir uf, un r :r o.:rirfinrruoBnr:u 6 urav rfl u
I a d 4lvv
11 :lJ vt :',] lJ tfr U 0 D n 1 : U Ft tlt 0 tFt 5 U n't n 1 il. t a r: u fl : a {.
4v
A1:A!tylFl, 1,1:0fl OLlAnfl AllJ 1A'1 FlOff 6l'lUtl11 ttAu fll:'gi
drriunr:r,ir.rrutoroBnr:16 n::iln'r:dnr:.rilriilura-ei
ov6'oru6'rdornd'rnrirrl#urioBnr:uG Terueirufi aqrvirfi!q
ovn:vlirt6'
uiu fi n : r u r u n r : il : v tu r o r a n r u u ri il u r du r,r n-r q r nteii!
nr:n:rorruYl:o.iar nanlililrivr EJrd'u [rdr ovfro,: rijpr m a
lri'aror :rutut6':-u fl n a rij er ro.r unr:Jua"n nr:fr vrEtunr:iu
v :r uri m a r : rra s cio x.J a t o.il :st'r rJu fi r a o o n do r nn n r r :r
4l
tiluarusr'r (Freedom of information and privacy) ri'.1
6'orfi nr:air rur ro nar:t#n::r nr:anuuriysrd'u luriavviru
do ul nr-u ( ByLaws ) o c 6'o.itriiu n r : Yl : o.r ua v rJ :v n r nld
"Lunrnl:vmarrirurolanuyrivr tlra'cl 6'runv $uuFulriNrrn
9l0.il.rfl r:u:u u.Jun'r:yr1.t1uljo{n::iln't:afl 11114't?yl u'taB
(EvaLuation of Board Performance) vrnao.:fl rtjuoeirl
ria u 1 o u fl* o r{J u n r : s u fi r fi r o.r u r u n a n rr u'ri vr u r d'u lu
nr:iiruun:rJull i6nr:il:vffiu nr:froriol:varu
s{r rfr unr: nr:il:v ufi u uavnr:iu:o.r
A qv q a q
rrlo [rinr:n'odu [oror n::l nlidnlililteylurn-elrtjuho dr.t
q n 6'o r rfi a r o::! | :r Fl o'r n o a filnr 1 *a v u{J uhJ ufi o rJ : vTer rrj
1 0 { u v 1 ? vr u 1 a u 0 u 1 { ttil a :.i fl : : u fl 1 :aa 1 :.r 14r ? y] u 1 a u
ov 6'or narJ :hJ 6'r a q rus::r oiuo::il ua ua::ulu::ru
U u u 'avr"rdorh"ifr d'nr*ruvil:rnnfir ararj:s1urdfr'u{ou
(Conflict of tnterest) iu
' tilfizuarj:vTutdilrro:fi0 ur.in15[iu, 14ioj
^std4
ill{auil:1u tnu?!u0.1fl1Jfl 8nl:10{ lJv1?ilu1au
u h"i fi n r : rtJ n ui u {o q a 01! tfl u nn r r a-u ( D i sc tos i n g
Confide ntiat I nformation ) In a uavlr vdo4a duo v
rirhjcizuar-J:vlutiltoser-rn::un'',ron',ur',iilurdu totI
I <, vA
14:OriAU:u LUlJUn0{0u
> nria{u1:.r"ludorrnal (Contracts) n:::.Jfl'l5afll
i ^ 6rq
1r141?vl ti 1a uF|0.iua fl La u{ n1:m na{il1{q;aa tn tFl
N,< s v
v { [a u n 5{ lLa s rpr u o o:Jfi I O vfi r.r a fi I rfi o I si a fi o n r :
il uriil €r r iiu lri'i r o v rfl u n r :do I r u fi 6 u fr uvr ivr ti
n-aq nrlficud' ra6o u5nr:tor 1
> fl::rflr:anrrLu'liilu1a'ufilraf,ntdflsnr:iltoltiiX
(Gift s) r,tio n arj:vTeltrj uaurvn'r1n na (Pe rsona I
i nte re st) a 1 fl ! Fr n aui o n {l q n n nfi fi n r : r{r ufi uq: fi o
9.
10.
il.
2.
3.
4.
12.
5.

3. 14 !ahurzLirJSSSUrnurNUnr-nurNEJ
v6ofi dosrnarrrro:fr oi':lriu !yriil EJra-u
u q yA ,
> fl 'r: LIQ.i LvytlJ:st8]yl:lufi .: nr rrLlritoul.t 1il1 naj
( Disctosure) ufi 016'vr:rufi r nrutiltournr na
q o a a q .i! 4i -
tunl:Ftl tu!nQ n::il LFtdlil tnu? tu0.tflu!14'tlyluta u
n : : xr n l : d n r :.J u ri il u r a'u e v 6'o.r u6'fl # u t u fl a n'r
r.r 14'ri yr u 1 6-u $a v oB n r :u 6 il : r lluri'ufr ([ri dr n'i r
-^ - s v q v
/ 2 fl ? tr.l.i ) n o u uo { t14 $ai fi il : v rl a n u y r? vr fl r n'u
iuu:ru
.'j qv u A
o't [uu fl 't : tv o t14 u 14't ? 11 u 1 a u n{ un fl fl 't : [; o { Ft? 1 1] td u a ff : s
lu tfi .: n r :rir,r r : (Auto n o my) ua v n r rrl Yu fi er t o u Fi o r,r a
n15ei1 tfr unl: (Accountabil.ity)
fi uyurvrlunr:n-n u6on/udrdrFrrulol:duau!Fra1 n:nru'lu
sqa4
:J14',]?vtula u [0lu01nun1[!uvu']Q1fl 0fi n1:uo
riruuFr un[uei':rulei rnvrirmo! rvrd#Lrriuna1fl 51u
A -qu
r.J 14 1 ? 11 U 1 n U : ? 11 11 { A A rU fl 'r :rJ : v rTU: r U16', Un rUq4dr U r il
ttau $r,Jufl '15:orYu6',runrail:vlurdrolunarn:
, -& " ,
fl 114UFlFn tL14U.t ts0tUlJlJFtl Lt14U.r 14:0UU tAn!l.i9l1 !t14u.t
O a aUY
n'r u Luilur?il I 1 a u LqFrlil n?1! Lyx.J'tsff xJ
iu : o i uTu u r u'i r 6'r u aia 6 n r : o 1 fr niu ?vrBtu n r :a r ra u pr
arrfinriou arr''niou rtaonauailBlunl:16ouel"t rLuil{
&^
fl ut.:u[F]ou 1J0.iry!:u']5 $nsn6ulal:u
o-o lir uTa l r a $a v $r,r u n'r rfi u n r : rt o i n I :d'a a:iyr uI
n r:6nu1 ua vvluic"'u1#uuritl n a r n:
4vQvo
00n:vt1JUU10!{nua'ru:uunfl nul !na1a: $aunfu'ta1:u
14"1
ir : o { ulu u r u r,t dn r i r 6'r u n r : 6'or u u n r : fi n vr vr u fi d rqt!
rfi o nr:6nur uaso'rra::uunr :fi nrsr
ai
' cy' r
'
d , oe, .i
n l nu Ft $a t: 0.i n 1 !ta1 u Lunl : [: uu LLa v nl L{a 1 u 0u 6l
fi rfi u r do { m a o n o u u{J udr urJ : v a r u fi'r yilr ex''r u fi fi yfi1 fi
va
fl lflljn$afllun'][a1 t:81.J:uf]uofl].]fi nul10.i:fi!t
uAl"d,
a 5 r r n': u rt o ln rr q s il n r : il : s d't u.i 1 u fliu i s 14 i r I lr u : u I r u
dr n r ulu $a c n 1 u u o n il u re il u r du un* ol#u : : a d r vliu o fi o
ua s rlhuxJ'r ufl o.ir.lu'tiyt gra-u
n r u16'n r : rir n-u o tta r o { uilt u {'r lJr o.t ;i ( Fed e ra t a ge n c I es
vi o rir rin r u rl : y Ll I ru ) ff 1 l 1 : fl o o n vln o fn : rfi o : v o u r1 u
! d qv
3.r'r tl 0 fl '1 : Fl fl 191 ? A U n r U LFt fl 1 :AUU e{l]Ulj 0.: :5
a v Au
l*y{r fr iu : o I n 1 :?i't { 1 lJfl o.i n ru v rilS u r : ( Fi n a n ce a n d
Administration Cabinet) tun',raorun-uod'lyrilvrivlri
so
ua vIn : r n r :a I yuuLJl n'[u fU
rir niu ua v n:rQ aou :1 u{'11.1 ua v uruu nirroourTfr
.iuil:vrrlru etrufi fi nr:riryuqyrirfitilunnvrLra
iu:o.rrtnunr:6'oa::rrrJ:y:rrrurj:vsirfl (innrrr budget)
6'nairrl#fi nr:fi qmr:Jn:roaor-r il:v fi ul'ra utft t.trir rfi un1:
:vuuu'r??Ja{iluriilura-u rflu :vuvr
fr rrn rl n:roaou uavil:v tfi uh a nt :?i.t { 1uro.l ffuiur:g
c,A
iluriil u r d"u riJu:y u y dl rfi orirtrl{ do rauo uuv tun r:
rJir-nj:ri6n'r:n'r ufr unr: iyroohfitd'lr6.r nr:u::a rfl rutr€J
tta v v',rno n i I o { ! u ri il u r a-u
"lu
I ru v un' u r riu fi n^ n sr r l gir
: ? a a o u $a c il : v ffi u tJ a n r :
vix r ur o I an ril ur?il u r a-u ro I r{j u:v u v "l oir a uiu ri'u
8.
10.
il.
Aor-.1
rtr o1u10 ila:hu']nao{dn1uh1f,nu']au
-
5.
o.
7.
3.
4.
12.
'I ?
t5
t6
18.
to
fl i : il n r : a rr'r rJ ra ri vr EJ r a'u fi n r : fi o o1o I rJ fr u-fi rfi o rJ : sT u r dr o r
:r v r? v u r d'u r n n r n :'lu r u r? vr u r a'u ( vr-l q n a r n :"lu o o' n lu rl o
1
liu
q,yata
$av tu0ulnFr), 4u:fi1:tJul?ilu1au, Ftfu'tQ1:u, vD.l.t1u,0lff 1a!n:
eraontiloufi{piail:a$au!n: ra'r 616'orfi nr:rirurndruror,lrirfi$c
I o.i fl : : :J n r : ff n'] t J 14 1i yt u I a'ut{o e.i r.r do ro u u n el-r o ci r I Ld u'
t. ilo!uilrudrurolunr:n"r rfl ufl t:u3il1:nanr:lturiilura-u
urrjoBnr:16 (Delegation of authority to the President)
d&
frroron:ounal6'lurin:surunr:ursil6'.1 (Appoint), 6onr:r
n:?a ff ou (Mon itor), l#n'r *uvrjr (Advise), aix u,:lrjun ra
1o (Motivate) ,lrinr:arilalu (Support) , rJ:yrfru
il:sfrr3nrn (Evatuate) roloBnr:ud [avurndrrflu
d ,o o a
'
J o
fl 018Av00FrilFt1:.rFr'1 t114U.t00fl 1:lJn ![au $Fl{n{0fi fl l:uF]
& o y
1l.Jil't?11 {'tU L[?1U LA
uo nor nfi ufirfflunr:d'o u6o nuioa::ur oBn r :rd ufr'r
da Y u 4 A A
fl u { rt 0 { F} n La 0 fl y :0 d::14't u 1 u n a n't il 14't ? yt u't n u
:anur unff tn tatrGnr:anrturiyura'u
l:vnrnnutfro ( Cl.arifu the mission ) ariuarlurrav
dqai:rfi onr:o'uovrirtrJrinr:u::afi qvVuofi o $as lfl 1uL].ru
roriluriilgra-u
:n : o i uTu u r sJ ;ir riry 1, uru urir rfr u n r :: v u u u l't, ud'n a n :
n r :fi nur, ua v ttzuun r :lddr arlil:sl r rurj :vdrfl $a vlrou
v:lonirurolrinruv{uir,lr:tdld'rJfr ri6 drn:ounalfir
n:vutunr:Yu:or (Adoption), rirri'u (Observance) *av
tJ:vdu (EvaIuation)
rjr uailairlnrnnoriua y6o rf, uwo.iiluriil s ra"u
y& -!,! dr u r o uu r fl [u n r : o'or n",:/q u uF n uilr a I r u fl u d i il u r d'u
uionruvirr sraooour{Judh uruuro.l:.Lyriyura'rflunr::ru,:ru
-Aa o uu? u { r uu o r ic n r ufr n g ul r t.J rir ilu Fr ufi o a r : :-u :o I
a ir r n r r ri futn'i r t v fi vr ivr u r n : ui rL r n a ri o n r : ui u r : o-q n r :
:rrarivrura-uteiodrrfi rJ:vBvrBnrn h"iirovr{Juyriilurn:
luui lurj:vlrru yYyrurn:!nna nr:riu Suvrinti
uion':uarttr:nlunr:uiur:
14.
t/.
)
20.
11Lt.
22.
23.
)/1
' fisvqlitungvuiu Kentucky Revised Statutes v?a university of Minnesoto,s Bvtows

4. ltr)riu.lu?-j.lsSSSu-ltru-lNUl.r-nEJrNu I I 5
I
1.
7.
9.
10.
11
tt.
12.
{1n4fl13J14't?vrUlAU
15.
@ osnrsud
Y v v q uq S o qY a d
t0u{nul0.iil14'l?ilu1au tu tanslu?urlnSJnnluuo !14 0dn1:u9l
(President) lugruvuor {rivr:4rqn (Chief executive) Ioru
sirttuill *avlugruvtiorunarn:aruitrnr: (Academic officer)
rtiusirruilrfi nr:td'iunr:6'or16onornanruuriilsra-u uavfi m:s
nr:rir:rdr uurir q-5 iJ ufrr usi n:d maoornufi u{rdoisiotld
A dd Y.i,a.^ vqyd, ,
05n1:unilv!1vlufl uFl.i'1u1J5141:3J14',]?ilU1AU [UtUU tU
S-
9r'rtJlnrl.ivil1 u ltauu tuulB rjo{an1}J141?yru1a u
oBnr:udnr:rJfr uGntrr{r uucdrro.ianrilurivr u16'u
Tn uoT duior:rurgrurowulunr:airnJ:vlutriqrqnr
t0.iu14't?ytulag
oBnr:udd'or:textu (Recommend) hi'anrurarivrurd'u
u:rufir rfl rurlu:sgsu1?,tJo.:luliy€Jrd'EJ *avu6'nqm:
'lurj
1 d'uovrirtrJ{r-orqr.J:varr{fi rfl urfl ryurudu
e q ,z
08fl 1:UFlgl0{:1eJ.i'tu [14dfl 'til141?yl u1auil511Jfl .i n1: ttn{Fl.i
n r :dr u r,r a n ou uy u ua v n r : 6 ourYu riu 16 o uro du n a 1 n:
n1:a1ilqn/a1fi o/at{naioucJo.:!na1n: t#anrilyrivrurfrg
Yum:ru ur n16'iunr:aounu
A 4d v A v c
00n1:ufitJl4u1y n?unil ntta ttaconnl: o{nn:fllut!
q A - ! cva, qe
rurJyr?vru1a0 rylo ryuu:v?uGnryrararr nrutdnr::u:or!t
tolanuyriuara-a
y1nfi n?lil1i1rfl u uavtrifi nr:rJinururto{rdurtrryudr
a ad v Au
oofl 15uolJr4u1ilfl n{1u iiaca{TiluLnarn:ld'mu
n?1ilt14il1u4il
oBnT:udnr:Ynuruavdrrairnrrld'ryr'ui5n-1fi utirrir
uavarrnrfiurirrir
oB n r :r 6 n r :Wn a r o d r r rd l fi rYr n r u #l rt'liiriu rin d n ur
ruavilrsirsfiun'r:rfi orj:vlert{ uavrjnfl oqj:slurdro.i
v<d,ou
unflnBlruualarlJ
!,rd
rfr oilail:vklturo{iluriilura-EJ ttav{nfi nurTnu:r!
AdA94 19vuU
00n1:uftll141t'1il tun1500fl 5v tu ul.Jfl 0u.tnun1u'tLlu
va s d
unfl nB1 ?u{fl ga{ tyt19 naonnun:vyt{n]:t1Joona1fl
ilurivura'ej
AddvAv^
oBnr:r6fr rarirfi udr rfi cyrJ:vqil n::iln1:anriluriil ura'u
tunr:r-J:vqrn{r rr:ntorfl ruil:srrru rfi o:ru.irur.ia
o <,d r
n 1 :fi1 tulr.i 1u tu:0uuyl il lutJ 1
Aadtaoud
00n1:!9111141.1'rvtn1il nfl uil1u tunl:an tn:uil:'ru{'rur{a
!! J
fl 15Ft',ttUUfl 1:v||nU?t0.inud!1J:vtJ'tfu tvl01]1tauoafl 't
d,, &
ilurlil urduao{{JsronS{ (Biennia l.)
A 44 g .j,o"^ tr , uv
00fl 't:uftlt14u'ty!nunn1u0u.1 n1il$nQv t9r:utJ01J14il'tu
t.
2.
5.
7.
9.
10.
I t.
12.
13.
14.
r -.1
hU.IN II A:Rf, '1
USU GJOUOUAO{NSSUNlS
dnluh15nUla-u
n:5iln1ianrilyriilurfiutuo1uvfl { ra nunna fi rarirfi iufi ntou
u '
q ,4
Fl.i9r0tuu
ri qir r u o rio r a o'u rfl u rJ : vTu tri uri il ra ri vr s r d'u rfi otli
!
n:cuunfl .i1Jvr1J1vrfl 0.iqnilnnul [tas6tl'r11t[?na0ilvl
C, ag
t!ua5.i Lu6.in:.J
ri r a riu a uulri'l u ri v u r du u : : a rfu o n o dtri'oYrt{Itt
dr ruonrufi n rfi ulnruqoinlufi rJ:vqranrilyriy ura-u
!
0 ul.itfi $a.i ttacvr:0]] u0tJ5uttavdu!auu910il9|10iyr1J:vqil
s t qu u c a I yl
rnu9|o.i riln1:uolJ:un?1il114uil1[9|fl Fl1{ 01nti5?lJ.t11]
t yA qy
[|acuotJ:ua1?o15ru a1n40u Lo
r{rlouuurmro.ianlilu'riyrurfiu'irfi ufiridrirri'r fildartr.J
,4
ufl unuulvr Lun:v!?un't:lJ:141:na n1:il141?ilu1a u
4 | u1 d I
iln6uuauuFl?1tJttlj{ttfl 5.i u.luu$avil!:v6vrofl 'ryI?J0.i
oB nT :r d lut ruv rd ur fiu fi fi nml n :v 6 oio #ulun r : fi or nr r
gt:?aaou irrnd uacior:ni6ruluur u nr:uiur:o d1.r
Fl:.i L1J9l:{tJ',t
vAa'
v{:oilao61:nuonnl:!el rfi oird',fl#vr:rlfilnTu6nrfi u
e u v .j< r a
$acfl orn ttunyile]oilnur.:ro.inr:u3fi 1: rfi olri'o6nr:16
u ,l
:uyt51uttgltuu.l
rJnrJornrurfl u6a:vlurfi rnr:!3y1: ttaurainlily]'r{
aA
?t1n1:0ul{t9|}Jvl
virnturinfr'lviliuilvrivr ur6'u1fl uo{ri:?rr illdsir rfi ufi o
J,s.,q,l
tvl0ilau5v tututo.il4u?u.i1u to141l?u.i1u14u'r
lurruvrdurn-u fi piorinutraU:vlurdrol!:vmru
rJ:v rilfl trfi uaviqs::rqrg{!
fi rirulunr:ei.:raiunrrnorifi 6nulri'n-urvriilur6'u $av
n?an1ilu't?vtu1agt0.i
va v.i, o & '4 t Ao'i
9l:yilunn.iuyl1J'tytLavuulyt?'t01u1auu0uyt0.inntus 3J Ltyl
frrn::rnr:an1ilillivrl'rdu virulrrvirurafi.:
m:vyrin'irfrfi SyBnrrluuruuo.ranlilylivr u16'u6ou'r u ng!
tddaAOa
anlilul?yr ula u ttns roililailfi uFl tuultJ?Jo.i :.r14'r?ylu1a u
dAA
no ofin1:!91
v'irqvos"qAaqy!,
9l0.itJ.ttJu !v[nnn?1il [u:.i L6 uasn?1il[tofr0 L9r vr{:v14?f i
U - J Aq v < |
nfuvn::iln1: nfuv r.lu:141t nfu181:u u?{nilnnnu1 vu? u
{rui5 naonaualol:rutufr?lil
siortrifi nr:riunio{rirfr rr nr:r{r rfi unr:tudnuilvfl o{nr:
nvmnuluuru ttavnnuil1ufi 'ilpiruanrilvrivrelr6'e
9 4 vq
0r0{uu14 g0 LutJ'19}:fi 'lu:u Flud.110{t,l9l'l:{91'l tt14u.i n::ilfl l5d!!
an1s.rv1eilu1du naoqeu lilr.leiout#rfi onrrvp{arj:vlutd
frudoufiulur,t:,1 n::r n r :an rilu1eu u 1fru

5. I 6 | ranurzzjrcsssurnurnunr5narNz
I
@ anuru:n-cTdaoranruhrinurauTnu
fl o qiu ;
rJ ul u n r : ui r,l r : u u ri il EJ r a-u ei r ulr,l qj :r-n fi n r : qir a o.r
;rJ uu u l rlua'n uruv nr 6'r u 1 fi'u fi do n
Xr,rr r u fi o q1u6'n uruv
vr:v:rtrirgcffi rJ:vd'rrriayriuriilura-uuavciofin'!fi rfi arriorfi r
4v
:J A n UfU u fl 1
6l nA 1 U n U 0 y tU 1-J fl 't : 6t't u yt o fl tU tJ 1 :v 14? 1 { n1,J Ft A 0 Ft Au
&,
n:vfi'r;rJ uruunr-rnr:uiur:fi u-.1fi 6'nuruv uvrltilrrmnsirIfi'u 6o
fi an ril rariy u r #u rfl u o r rin ruyfi o d o n ar a o r o { d r u n r :uiyr :!t ! 9
d<i
tla u r.i n 1 : I s! f].t fl? I tJ143J 1 U yl l.t't a a 0 n a u u vl 1J 1 yt u 0 { dfl 1
a w qp ! o
lur1yura'u [fLu lrrt:rfr ob, oe'/, oa lu vl.:.1. ralufiay
rl uri il I r dEJ niu ril,tunlri' dn r urariil en6'rl d :cn ou dr u
urundnlililrivrurd'El 6lovt6'il:wr:vn:rurlil:o undr r [rirmst
nruJfl 'r:dRlrlrnrivrardalnssir rurarirl6'uri oBnr:u6
rJ : v o r u n : :l n r :d l rail l uriil u r a'u il : v o r uan l U Fr a l n :
il:voruanrirlnl: Lmvulufl aurnlfnfr nur urir
nt:iln1: t{Qvvt:{
ua v"Lfi'a n u y r i il I r a-u u6 o n n : : tJ fl I : a fl 1 il 14 ri il u r du ri'yr :.r n ru r ei!t
nurafir ufluqrJurunanruurivrurfrel 6iruiul4rurirfi iriluurun
a n rrr u r i il s r a'u ifi o u r u n a n u r,r ri vr u r a-uhi o r e il fi uG u fi r fi t6'
< ai I ,<vo
u5o ifr o'Lrilt-risir:rair [uri{ur unanriluriyurairJ gtaooourit,turrlri
an.ur.iv'ardafi druro uasufirfi nrunuo rrafi on.r:ri'rtrj9U
-3?J0.iil141?yt ula u Ft.lu
8.
.ia i , J id
:orfrufrdru:rrnr:yr riunfr oodrl6ufi firruvufi uurvir
A dd A
fl rn?u'r ![aufl 1?{0}t1n1:utnu:nq{u
^ J s,
fr ar:rurrir rfr unr:rfr ou:lvl:yn!rurTl:prrndrr uri.:d'l
lras0oelnouulanantLyriu grdrl nt:il nr:anriluriilurdEJ
,AAA
ilyl:.lFl fu?911 ltav05fl l:u9l
.J
vra1iil1o'rtuunl:rlroyr:duivn:rurlil:ortn6'rr ririr6'l
!!avnonfl ouFrran:ror:d*asgran:ror:dfi rnu
fi or:ru'rouffi rurJ:vilrru:r eJsjr ul:vqirtj
a!
?'t.i:c ruu! rn u'tnun15u:14't:n1:rduttacy:fl udu
ro.r:.Luriiluta-g
Jv1 a
fi o r : rur rri { sr-r
{6r fi q ru a I uh n r rL rir uu or hiin ur : r r n r :
a 4 a.jo
tlvtu06nl:u a tunSilylFt't tt14u.:o5n1:ufl?1.ia.i
fi or:rurruaslrinm:r ufi u'lu6orfi rfi urriufi onr:ro.i
dad
u141?vru1a u9l'ttJylofi n'r:lJn tau0
q .J .i!
^ -
j-,
sir rilun1:1u15orfr rfr rJ't n! fr o nr:so,wuriyr urdufi fild':y!
tri'rfl utt'r ur n ua yufir fi t o wi[olor u rail r s
t.
2.
3.
9.
10.
I t.
12.
'I ?
14.
t.
2.
90
$aviln n1uu9tfl .i q6udiluqta{?,t911:rt9l1 [r14u.:u'lundR,l
^ u uv- X
111'11?flg1Ag tl9ldil
t.
2.
?
r r.r uT EJ u r EJ r fi I : n-u n r : 6 n ur n r :? o-u n r :lfi'ri n r : vr r.r
itr nr:udd'r nt uas nr:usudrllfi ailv uraviruuo:::"
4yua
?1{5V !1JUU tLAU00n10!.tFllJfl 0.it]14't'tytu'taB
?'tQ 15tuln1:Ann.i n1::?tJ ltav n1:q!! flJfl 9l?il 81A U
a d . u
'
i-
nfuv ?yrulau afl1uu Ftuu dl1Jn $aya?u:'t?Jn1:yt[:unv
! , oj.id y ,,
100u1{0uytxJ6'tus lyt uljtmlnfuv :?:]il.in1:LllJ.id?u51fl fl
.t:
9|13J yr5U.
v'{41:illn1::1J?{fi'tuut?J1ff ilyllj$aytt1:2}J aaofl 8u
A,
n1 : u n ta n fl 15 !fl 1a!ru llau fl '15 !fl 1:?u
fi o r:rur ua v'l#n?rs.r rliutouln:r nr:ura yudnan:nr:fi nulU
"l#aoondorn-u rrn:orufi nruvn::ilfl 1ifl 1:onrdnurdj
riruun uasuTu!rsnr:6nurrortj:v ryfi
.^qrra
0u3.J er [14u5rury1 uay?ru!m:
ri o r : ru r u ri I sr-.1 ua y fl o n n o u : o r o E n r : u 6 n cu I 6 : o I n cu u n'
ft 0'tu? u n1: :0.t tJ 0'tut ufl l: 14?14u1a?u:lfl n1: ttAs:O{
ri'r r,tfi r dr u : r r n r :fi ri u n 6 o o d r r 6 u fi r' rr u v rfi u u ryi r n ru v
pidr u r I n r :I:.i 1,{ u 1 u r a : o r
{o'r u r a n r 11, o * u
-,
u. u
yu
y?141.J1n1n?t't :o.i14?14U1n1nrtr uruuraru:lfl n15 UAs
fi qruo::u ffi soirro::xrr{lufi uouiuror#.rn:r
ar{v
fi nmufn:ru rfi u?r1rud'luft1:fi nur iluurlfi rami
#rnrnraniivrurnramimvrvrnTuTaE nfl uil'ru n1i
rurJ:vursu uasnr: rQu nr:liur:.1'ruqnna nr:iln n:o.l
tu;^
druvr'0.rfr u fl 1:fi 1au1 fr arjvuasioluo::ri ra6o6'ru6ul
n u fi an rlturiil u ra-u iriuau nr :
fi nmurfl u{ri, lraun'r1ilaril1:nlunr:uiur:durc ufl u
rJ :vTusdd o n r :fi'ruuriluri il u r d'fl
fi nr'tlrauln uavrfi unmudT drgra{nr:Clnr*rtu:cd'u
09rxJflnu't
dvA,"
il6nrunrnnrrd.:nu fr I 16oa'rur uil:vIurdd o
n 1: n1 tuud 1ufl 0.13J14't?yl u'l a u
aur:nqfi nnarlri'rrrifi o nr :ro{uuriil ura-snrrtal nr: *ri
UA
9|1ttuu.:14u'tyl
4.
5
6.
6.
7.
^g unulnao$Rn'luhl5nurd'u?unssnu:aot
Ft.uru. 50rsni tUlua
n.uvl. ior:ni llrfit l:vorunrusn:::Jn1:nr:qrrrudnur (nno.)
-'g-4 '
4 o
fl t{riu:sailn1:fu tunl:911:.i 9}1t114U.1fl ::tJnr:AnrilutilUralu
ir.r1 rLrn'jr to fl rrnn'jr t0 ilyriilurfiu ld'uaornrufrnrfiu
niruriulSondrumuuu6ulyroirrim do " http://gotoknow.org,/
il:un:ru'] }J:nrnfrr"r

6. t--
I
lF}riu1uu13sssu']flulNUn.l3nu.lNU
I l,/
btog/thaikm " iranriluriilur6'er6'orlirfi firfi rirrilr,rrj: amufi fi
qrAdq'Uu^
A nufuvll LFIU lXl [14X.] oUO{ n n5U:14'l:yl? "l tU ty,l:'l v Fl 0{:U h 9l
tou rioa'rnr lurruv rd ur fi'ufi 6'0.:rJ nfl or
dr a d a du
Fr?1:J LU1.J0ff :u [tAv tA:fl 1lyl1{?1J']n1:fl 0.iFtrulal:u9t'lu
anriluriil urdfl fi ri'rdrur orarirfi nurfi ritauprtflunnra:r g
A v ' q ,<, !, a , !,
$au!vrlJ'ruyt n?1{n?1:u! [unlyil1u ttgl tuuyrul K8filu']rytr,l'tu3J't
an1ilu'rivr ura-uu o.:tu afn uarxuyrulyr?Jodrtut6'lriqin mu u't,r uvi.i
"
v A qv a 4 qye
^
d, n X"
liruurfr n:rurrlr,lrrrirlruli141: uto rJrioul#fr'uiur:ruurlrufrrirg
did - ;
"tltu 0f, fl 'tSufiytiln?1il41il1:6tq{il1n 0'taryfl t'tn14u'tvtultauo
.io4yu
[: o.i m o! n 1 0 1r.] u:ofl o a.i [n Fl'Lufi il : v tl a n r ilu ri il u ra'u To u
h^i rij erlo n r alri' fii3ur ::v o-u : o r a rhJ dr rtJ u f iu fr nro uTFr u rl :.i!g
lvds !
[9]:J 10fl 1AL6U0r:O{rAs
&^d<
fl :vuu n.!v!. ?a'r :ru v 1ufl tJ Ft't'D.r [14u?'r dn13]14']?yt 81a u n?:
uq A- v A" -
n:uuun Luuyru'ryryluntau fl 0.tFtlJ[0{?1il14u1vin']flljFttta (Govern)
tl'ltiuir,rr: (Manage) 6'onJciounr:uira'r:rtJurarirfi ro{oBnr:ud
ai r u a n u u ri v u r a-u fi u fi r fi rir fiu n ua :r u ri u u r a-u o-u16'$ d
fl 'r :6::y 1 $a u usi I 6'l oBn r :u 6
oi
n1:n'tuuFll"J tulJ1ufl ?1n 61
1adilu1?ytu'tau
n1:a'oa::vriil u1 nilJ'rri1 rfr un1:m1:Juluu'r ufi fi'tyun
qv d
n1: !un11tJ t14ut0u ttr,ru:u uv u'rt
nr :1#nrrlt uiurou.i!l:ylJrrurj:v,JrtJ
ariraquoBn r:u 6"lunr:aixn?1il ro36Ufi1t,lrjrlfi'ruri
r.l14leilU1A-u
a, -A ! ,
tuua? tt0tJ14:0?1:'l{ Ft?'uJ:1u:u:y14?1{91?xJ141?yl B 1A U fl U
0{nn:fl'tuuon
fr onrrm:roaounr:!3u1:.i'ruro{oBnt:ud LLay u111r{
q
^
d a ! rd
ttfl LlJul n00n1:u9tu:141: Lu9l
'l:l;l{$ffi
"'.::*
Io u fi {o a-r rn mi r dr ur u n : :r n r : a n r il u'ri yr u r a-uhi n r : rfi u zz n u
uavdrulr,lr!nr:r{Juauton!urivr urdu (dx ururFnooarn:reu)
'lutruv udu:n-u fr frorfi :vuuilnfl orn::rnr:o drrruurvan
e.ln1:u:u u.lun1:!fl lJnn'tu$avt{a{1u.u0.tFtfu3fl t:3Jn1:
_, d,
(5etl-assessment) tuu:uuv6l Fr?:nlvuFr?lttrr6uFr1to't:.:n1$yu{
{qla -^a, aJcva .ia q t,
tFltlltnu 1z u t10t14lln::xJfl1:ylltFl?'t:JaFttuutl't!'ttff:lJyltJFta0Fl
t?a1 LtasFt?5fi'r14uot#a'lu?un::x.Jn1:?{fl 'tilu'tiilura-ufi anrus
' J q,
fl 't:yt'r.:'tuoB't{Flo ruo.r rilrlciout#n::iln1:do.iul]Ft?1:y
y I y oq dd
a{ L!il543.Jfl U tullrFlU?
ai qv
r1o !un1:ft'r ruunl:ro{afl lilyrivrurd'EJeir rfr uhjodrlfi rJ:s?yBnrvl
fl .uvr. i o'rifli nrfr t rauo'ir anriluriy t'lrdu or oo'nmsr n 6uv
^!c!1,n : :lJ'l 5 fl I : tV',I O Fl 1 LUU fl 'l : LU [: 0.1 : 1 ? A'] n 6U
6l tU Un 1 : tOl"l 1 u
tFtUn
> n::!18fl1:it1n1:
> fl::!.11fifl1:Ftrufl1:a{vlu
i
> n::3.J10n1tq1u01Ft't53it1uyl
> n::e.J15n1tpt'ruFl:?oaou (Audit)
> fl::xJ']fifl'l:Fl1un1:?'t.tttilu
lunr:rir rir g uailurivr fl rn'ufiu rt.uvr. io r :nj nrfr r td'dxfi r
<1
ttu?nnt0.1 Fl. F]:. Llluualu fl:vuuylu 0Fl9l05fl151joafila{fl56u
il 14 r i il u r a'u'i rrl u'ri y u r a-u o v sio { s{r rfl u n r :I o u do u a-n iir 6'ru
4 l:vnr:
.)
t. radno::rrfi ura (Good governa nce) rfi oror n llyleyuta-u
ov a < -i a"[riuinr:nr:fr nur frrfr ruasio n1:rTruu'1il:u ryrFlodt{:.J1n
S
'rq
Q.tmo{u:ua:aul{o l]u:uflvlonlvi LU5{La il:al.l:1l
fl 1 : rt :? i a 0! a1 6''r : fu s
ndnnrrrl r{lu6a:c (Autonomy) 6.lt,tl'r adr drur olunr:
uirar:d'nnr:lnuFruro': urjh'ldda:vornig (tndependent)
rn : r s fi r o ti r rt: ! r,r ri il u r a'u fi u'.i n r iu.i u il : y r r ru o r n io ura s
fi nrrttiufr ntor lunr:nFnrYu urn:unnal#fi'urJ:c ryn
t.
2.
4.
5.
7.
8.
n::iln1:anrilyriy urd'un'l:6'0fl #n:r:rauloriarJ:y rdufitd'Yu
tJou14tJ1utfl ufi rnu fi n:tLilfi prtolfi ovrlorn:vlirnr:tor1 odr.l
d ' A a .i - d o <d
:slJo:v?{ lJ8uuuttfl{ u't[t0fi0 {oan8 $ay n1u{ft.ltiauSuLutu
lnu:rilro.ir.n4rivrurdu Yrfi prroun*afr onr:fi rion:urdafl#uri!
il r4'rivr u r a-u lpr u {'pnir :T U l r uri :v sirtj rfiuru a lr u r0l :s1J U !!n u
-i
n1:uiul:n?1iltAu{ (Risk management) d'ru n::ilnr:anr
ilr,rrivrurd'u6'o{n:cli1nr:od1.i rilnp,ru$avudn 16ulzual:sTur{
fr'u{ou tilnr:lcieiruuri{urzuarJ:yTurflriuiimuro{ uayrrndor
Y 4 Y r.J<^a
a0{il:euu:0.tytfl lJyllJ?6nl5tntau [r.,juttll:ou'].in?1w?'t.t
Ifl uorofi doriruunlfi'laFrn::rin1:nu'ionuufi roo nornsir uruilr
q
Fr?utJFrAo{ L!41ilfl 0{Ftruyn:::.ln'}:

7. I 8 nrtriu''rElLir3sssulnulNUhr-nur-z
?
4.
radnta?nrny1{eu'rn15 (Academic freedom) rfl u
rain rvrlunr:dunr{r airr nrut ua v or rinru fl r,lri uri!!
a Xu
16 : fl 't il u n o { !l't fl u ff Ft [La u F] ? r I iu fr prto u 6',0 lh^i a o u fi er
ff :u9,JA?Q UtJfi 14:04:1.rr,JA{1!A0Unfuit'tVrrq
radn ta:uqfi onr:6nl*r (Cost effectiveness) ry't:'ts fl 'r:
rir rfi u n r : t o r I u ri y u r a-a o r fr
'a
6'u u u o r n r iil u r n : r o.i
d'r n r 61 6'o r rir rfl u n r :tu 6'n uru s fi : o I nr o I rJ : c v rjq d! ri r
To uilrd:vlutrir or#rnr rfl u ufl rurLr t.r fihirir ursi zual :Curdlq
1r0.rlu5ur5
O dnuru:roml:ao{anluhr5nura-uTnu
fi uruitrnr:tor rJonyr. 16'6nrgrdolan::ilnr:6fl 'trJyriilura-u
I
{,-yr.ilJo{n1n:5ttav !0fl tu r,r'ru [fl:.ltl,tat0.iafl 1ulJfl 't:fi nul
6rilrovfi n':rlrrjr rdofi ot6'rordoqalu:vd'urafi,: In at6'fi nrgr
, y 3- f;, v
vtuvt?uF]?'tlJfifl Ft0i10.tlJ0ila{10fl Ft:.in? u n1:a0u6t11l 14:0!!
vd
atnlBtualnfl :::Jfl 1:an1ilu't?yulauu'l.t Lt14.i ilua nuilyl tFtu
oYu r.i w o n fi r a-n uil c tail r v fl o { a n r :J y r i il u r a'u isn u o : : u o r d n :
u Yu 3
1j0{tJ1412vlU1nU U:0 n?nUl0.itJu:14'li LnA{u
^
o I o t4, ua
> n5:!n15ffn1!y't?ytulaua?!t146u11J1J4il[nu
rir:toirurltri.:u?vr::vd'u6.:luuilriilurdu uav
t,InAuy'lU ilnilfl 1:O'l:.l9l1ltl4lJ.llJ'1fl n?'1fiU.:U14{
u n er-r o drr niu rt.ull.in r:ai nrfi r n.un. rnul islurYtl
Fl.el:. rflul fi?::ilfla fl.a:.iafit: fiia6ru rar
^ -& "> o5fl 'l:uo1,o{3t141?vl g'ta gtuu1?1a1 uyl'tu 01e !n:! tlJf!
Ird,eA4--!,
ru Lr-J!n::Lrfl 'r:ffvr:rnrursiludnrrluriu urnuouer?u
a n 6'ro d rr niu fi .a:. a:v'{ a fr frtn:vrori fi .uvr.vr:{U
urd'rnarffi n.o:.6:?fr uruaylancu rarct
da 4t 9o a .i rgv
> UnnAyX.l$'lUv tUUtlUlVl'1.1O?1ilnO{{ [O:Un?'lileJ0il:U
lufi.:nuqoufi nur uas#rnrri'rtu fi rintd'irnr:*sird.r
lri'rfl un::lnr:pivr:rnruroilue{nrltur?yEJra'ut6'$d
n.:vfi arn3n n.ln. rj:snn rvfi rr:. amo et"ufrnrnn
uratvrrati inrufiSo::r u'lulan6u anrnrd rarvi
, u n n a r n : 6 n rJ :v rn vr fi fnld':-l n r : uri I Orfl ri'rfl u
n : : l n r : riu :.r n ru'q on^lu a n u r,r ri il u r #EJ 6 o {u?rar :
luyux ilr4'rails1drr ([uodn) rnSonrusn::unr:
qoldnur (lufloqtiu) toiuri er.o:. iisr: niad'ru
n(fiurtrg)nrir vroil:nri n:. amfi ufiorurir fl:.du.toic
*fliilu rar
1 a da
> fl ruv LFr u? fl unurinnr:rfi ardrurulririo ufrtpiiu nr:
, {,qua,
ur sr.l srr-r'[y rtJ u n : : I n r : {u : s n cu r fr "Lu
a n rtt y r i fl u r n-u
t6'ruri urutru radnriu uroofr?vrd nrmdrv uruar-od
6 rJ n r{'a a n u r a il : s ol u 1r u a r 6iu ur u u { uyt D' ?rYu 6 utild
ulufrfia or:alrlfr na.o. mfrm u.:lquilo rar9i
a'{'vav.ia4v
tJ n 1 : un.: n {
ryu5}1'r ::s au e
{T il n ?'r il [t u zt'r flJ a1u
iysrarasri rvrnlulad (Technocrat) siruru!rn
l#r{Jun::unr:rivr:rnrurpiluanr:ruriy srrd'u triurigtt
6 u a u < -^ !
fi.Fl:. u.iuvrfi uvrs?.rfi n.n:. lvrYt o'tEjv'Nli rt.n:.rinavr3
niruur{u o:. n::fin llra-Elrrri rar
o ' Y'vo
fi nr :uurir n-r
{u?ur::;6'uq.rfi fi n?'ril rfi s?11il d'ru
n1:iiu fl1:fiu1n1: rflun::rnr: riy:rnrurofr luanr!9i
lrl4livrurd'u t6'ruri n:. il1:?u rln.ieild urufref, 6'oro:ru
u't{41?!?1't: tio.:ana ra ri
rtlun::r nr:rjv :r n rurofr luanriluriil e r d'u 16'uii ur ustl
Ud
iltu qqiluf, fl(lIrP1u) a:6u nnFrfiulna
n.Ftt.?lgfu tn5o{ril'16"1
o 'f;'s d e4 o ta &
> !n1:lrFr{or'tit15'lttj:?I1:fl iln?1il nat9tu0{y{tsqnau11l
r{iun::rnr:riu:rrrrursi"luanrrLyriil t'Jra-u t6'uri odsr
u'r u fl if, rJ u sri il a ro n d : I il 6 o a 1 uuri (vVu o r n oir *uri Id99 I
a .i qy- s,
o { n }Ju Fr : r}.r o rel :u [u : Fr Ln fr r lrisir : r sir [ilil { ul u n
ud.d
:5tJU9r5) yt'11r0{nilu9l: 1,{6. 0. Fl. nlD! 6U0?1LJUyl
ql v
uluttn?l?6! ?lJ t:ytu 1a"r
a ' {'uo
fr nr:urk6'14'uByT ::souq{fi fi nrur6ar,urrydru
ond1iln:;il r{Jun::rnr:riu:.in6u?oi luan'rilit
^ - ii A - v aya
1J14 1 ? yr U'r 6 U 11 [n U? LUA.i fl lJ fl 1 5y,t 91t U 1 U n A 1 n 5 LU fl 1J
?{fl'l:omffrvn::l t6'ud !'rul1:ru 6a:raur ru oufiu'rqj
d a 6 dv
1l'tuyl? 1JF:auu: u1tjuilu5 ff:l,{{u:nti:fu 1a't1t
il u ri il u r a-u uo n t u q;r u ? u r.J 1 n I o rlvr u a-l n I fi u il{
.JaqvAv
! n a 1 n :v lJ n ? 1 ! tn a t Ft fl ! ta 1 t 0 { tta y n fuv tJ u :14'1 :c$
rr n'r :roir uuri.r n ::! nr:anrrLuriy Lrr a-el
rurifi rr,trivrenn'a[ontruaruttilrfi {'prneranrluriilurd'u
tpio e.i r lri tJ : s vr-dn l r n16'u ri a n r il y r i il u r a-u :-.i 3 Fr
fi .:rl:vnadrj6'r afivr:r ocursfr 6r r{Jufr uoili!lud'{nil'lvr Er
sr6
[Fr U fl ?].i O',rvr [1J1] y'ta. 0. r|. n 1fi u auo?'tu1.Jvl Ft.Fl5. tfl 191]
4?::run a fi .o:.iim: niadru fi .Fr :.il:d'u rr sr-.r nralffi
fl .n:.6:s ff Fr slJ Fr : Fl.n:.e{iila fr frln:vr qil oi.ri'r ur4.iuct
Ad
an:4a o:.01tu ralaluuyr uluTltu ?1au'ld.i
v! a. :. n. uvr.i vr : ua r 3 r urir n.uv'r.l : y al ri 6'6 un rrs
I
u'ru0q1J1 [L]ntst?a'1a"1
AvvA
n1:ff unu fl 0r.Ja tn u?fl uff fl '1l.t14't?ylu'la uil1uyt1.t
6 u rvr o iuisr ua v ri r uy rrlar rn o t o r a n r uiu n r : fi nu'r
lirtrild'Yuvr :rri rfi anrriuo oildnurdruruilrn
trin:cyfindrnrrlrdr6'ru lunr:ra.re,uvlirioraratuv
an rrru'riy ar d'u rvi rfi n r : hi fi n r : :v q 6.r ri ( hype r[ i n k)
d l tdd Av a
"qyvA
q ,* y
v : 0 t8J:J t? u tl'r 0 yt 0 1.t fr { yn Ly tJ !u u tJ 1t3J Lilu L0 n 1 ff tO
A - ^ -&:uyl:'l1JlJo{a tnu?nuafl 1:.114r?ilu1auu!6,l

8. nR}-urzzirosssurFu''lNUhr-nzr-zJ l9
A
Iil Insoalunf,luauuJusao{ff nruhlSnulau
-n1::uouriyr5.inru?F;1i1u?urrnurirrrlixruiun-uluanr!!!
!rarifl t.rrd'u t6'rio1#rfi nrn6orirun'nil#ilfiuiifi rnu:vra'irrniir
rnna In a ravrrvlud'rnuqrJfi'r{l uuu ufi ortvr uriut6'dol#ufr nrnio
I du a u q , ai - '
fl 'r u ! a n uil s vr tfi unl 1 a n 1! u'r ? yr u 1 a u llJu : s tyt Fl 0 u I 0't yt ttu
fi frv:rn ru: oiurrvlrun n rfi rytrir{r:roir ur,rilr;ir n''ry 1 luanrlclu
& ' v.i e 4
l.r 14 1 ? yr tJ 1 a u n :{ a s ya 1 u dl tt14.i ua y rJ tt u ? 1,1 fu a 1 u n
| : y tu u u
41fl uil'r u{1ufi fi urirfr rirri'ln?uqilrinqn r8rutfirfl un::l nr:
vaqeA
zu il :.i n tu? $i tuva 1 u I rJ 14 1 ? vr u 1 a u lta v o ? u r14Fl yl fl I : 3J fl 1 :an I
!urlilura'u t,tr]avvirufnriloq'Luuaru I lrariu t'Jra'u fi rniotjreJ
n: rl#lrfi'ufl pr ariu (t m pl.icit consorti u m) o d u6': 6to rqlrj u#u
' s a - Z,A
rJ :slutu [unr:oier n"lfr rJ:vtu n::! n1:afl ttr,lrivr ura'ul#rfl u
vt1.ifl 1i (Expticit consortium) niurfi urn-u fi tl:stuoBnr:ud
ruvinJ : v tu otvr u (y l o. ) vi o fi rJ : v ril rJ : u fi 1 u6n't o t a r i ri
!yriil ura'u ttvirr-l:v rilotilu (rJolvr.)
tuutsr:rriu{rlniur:r0ry{'fi drurour:fi u{utirtuanrlvrivrurdrr
14Y a 4
n :J
4
U :y 1 :ll 1,1'r? yr B 1 A U U5 0 ft : :l.t ft't :dtt't l.t 14't?yt u 1 a u Q r u? u
I t, .Ja I | .i o vd, v o
Lltu0 uytS.Jn?13.Jal:.J1:fr [o9]tFtuaufifitau0t0 tl,ltuutJlJ:y't:0.inn:
;ir dry 1 o r fr niu rfl uil : v or u n rus n : :Lt fl r : fl I : q n il fi n u'1 rJ : v or u
nfuvn::3.Jfl 'r:n1:o]t?fl nu1 ry01u?un1:Fttuun::l.Jn1::u50.1
urn:oru uasil:v fiun runrnn t:fi nur (al n.) ra'r uuru'',ou{o
.Ja<
fi ofr tnioriruyrrnr:dornirllrir:rpi'ta (uareitruriilIraufi
Avd,v
n 1 r [0 rU u a n r i ffi o r rq]rrt r rtl u n : : rL n r : fi u : r n ru r ri ui o ruin : y vr-.1
u r u n d n r il u'r i v u r a-u ) fi o r o q v d w,J alri'fi fi'ui r,l r :lu l u r? y eJ r a'u!
&qq '" . '.i -- -nnn{ tu tufll:.i911 tt14u.1{{lt0yloilaa1nfl r:11n1:n1:Ho.i
odr.:nr:ufl ufiiSrar:luorrin:ioiarrafr 016'6'ru 01fr niu
d,,4(lv.d!
tuulj5v5'ruuo:fi0{nn1: tyt5Fll,iyl 0{F1fl't5ao?{'t:!?afl utt1,1.i
rj:srilrttilt'l rar
uacfr ?Yfl roufr apr ld'uri runnr:niYol:vur:tornilvrli:r Inr:'..J": "" '"
il nn:orlu:sr-rour-l :vtrBrjtqr uo-ufr yr:vryr nrimirivr :r uijurJ:vlt
(nrjn)tuiufi tg fi'uureu vt.A. 2549 firuonornovdrruatrirfrer
- Y - a !a - ! o s
n 1 : 8 Fr n { n fu u :5u um : yt ri 0 1 q :? Lr n ur] 1 n y a o [u La fl L[a ? u.i ]J zu a
1#n-: uuuor n nr :dnliluriil u ra-ufi r t 0 viru udrtrjfi eiruirr
tu n r :l3yr :r'r uil i v ryr Fl riu'i r rfl u nr :1.fi fi n ::l n r :an r
-Ao.i
r.Jr41ayu1au rdriurpnu:Jrnfr qor lurJ:vi6nr:nj uavi{Ju{oduriu
'i r ur o x an u uri v u r a'u tvr u fiu o o illil 6"r u vr iv,l u'r n :u n n a
!a
vrl.tnfunl ttav:.Jn?l]J41il1:nd.itg
< u ' X' uu
to u nruvu Ft naFt.i fl a'r?l.Ju LFt ttn fl a t0 n a: uvf, a all,Juvr u'r ul.rlJUlqcq
qqrft'ud fi.er:. u{qilo qvo?ld r.o:. iin: aiadru n. qrur,r{r
hni nio:ru urutvrratf inrufrSo::lL :n.a:.eilB{u Tntnuon:r!!
dt d d
u1 uo'] : u ?{ F10'1 : u v F1. F15.5:v ?{Fr vljFr: ttav n fUUtU {vrll 11 F]
tiis
[il$a?::n
^-, * -.l-,
lllt nf,lUn']0hf, {aOlUnAlnSnUOOUnUln
- ao{dn'luhl5nu']au
druFnrtLn:vurindrnrrl;irn'cgto{ff nlrJr4'reilurdu fr il:vr:J
l:soru6nrora'ridilil'riyru'ra'u $vi{rJ:v rilrilvru (il0ily.) t6'fi
nr:l::p r :vi r 6'r u " s::rJrfi uratuqordnr*r " rdr {fi il:vqr
& q d,.j ' yu ' Z
u6lUn:n tu:0uva1u1jvth'1uu1 F|a0nau Lnurt.iFt.iFtfiJUyt't.i1u
u^.j-^-i'd,
F]'rU?1'.] fl 1: tn u? fl lJafl M4'r?yr ula u lJutJ't tuunl:ta1^ll u
ei
^u
<
t1,{0?i ufl {4fl lv{n15yr'r{'1ul0{an'r!141?ylulau L? Luualu 6l
- Jq
^ ^ Y .iq
d fl rgruc vr-{ Lu tfr { rJ : v q'n u ua v r8r n run r n nr is r,rfi ':16'i{t :? o'h :il
r[uuff ounril " :rJuuunr:il:srfi udnrurariilura-grfi onr:u3il1:!
6'nnr:fi6" tor fru{ri:lrj:vtritrnr: ru T:ru:rL roovtvrpi'!c
- ! ^ - ,^ ) d,
:40:Fl ?uil 5-5 fluu'ruu 2549 t{t1junaSim?o8'].:ytil
Fr ? 1 :J 6 u er-? o d r w r nlu ui o r n al n o : : I r i u r alu il il r i il a r a-u
t6'uvra:rJToudo'irpislo! uuuaounr:^l6i?ulunifr nr:iuffiluvrurvrq!u!
r o.ianr:J14'rivr ura-e;tu:s 6'! il fln a l,t 3. 5 1 x 1. 04f utay niu'il
anr!uliyrula-ufi zuasion'r:rilfrudisr tu:veiu ilrunatt 3. 104
_^_,-i d!
+ 1.U 4 ) t{ tUJQ s :Uv :',r1J U{lJOfl O.il.J't U nAn lilU',r?il B1A U
a --vr m ua'r n o o il u n iln o u uu u fr0 u n w,f rua uki fia u (2 0 o/o
)SU
d t J q,
n 1v u2 lWtU UU Lil n il 7U n 71U VA 6u n ?l 0 n Nyt a yN M't x n'] uvun
u 1 u n dn rtvlin u't at t a n n utn ri au n a a st aukiloTiu vt s t u i t
n fiu n E dn't xt v fi n u #u v o t n ufi fiu t"lu #n uu s tziuls riu uil
&.
fl :vuu r.,lq,rolJ [tu!aoufl rld?ulr,tni rfi u'ir urunanriluriilrJra'ri
n::fi n ruarr-i6 6'rui#u fr'fl il @.at + o. 38) ua vfi nr rrvir ryr
"L#n-u o r rin : (4.6 x 0.62) r 1 n fr a er lut rus fi tri q'r rfl u 6'o rfi n m l
alil1:flfi1unfluil'ru (4.1 r 0.8) uavq:fiQ (3.84 + 0.845)
!rnfn ry'nou uu!a!fl 'u.r:ullirrLr,lrivrur6'ufi mu#rrinfi a'nrgruy
-ia ,
nr:ui14'l:ttavor"onr:fr fr (Good govern ancd "lu* s|uil lunalt
TFt u ttiuh fiilzs 7nBn tw"lu n s"ltn iw a t n vi ouffivh ua vfi nrrr
ilrfi .rll olc a n r :l,rri vr u r firJ"Lu: v du il r u n a x (3.3 4 x 0.86)
&x
?r.iu ff n'rln4r?uurnu nr:fi airuro r,lrirfflunr:riruuquTu!ru
uavfr fi rr.:to.rrJv'riilura'uLi'rnfi arr uavtrisl'r ufl uolorlrin':rr
I o ! - v aAA v
atn6un0uvrulil iunl:E ua[nu?fl uua n rfl tufl vr rfl u']fl a{fl u
a fl 1 un 1 ilt a {
! n a't n : r?iu n 1 :6',1.r.i'r u n r :il : v rfi u n r : 16 o urYu
uav Tn:raitriur6ou "1aMnfin drq',firu frmouuwaounrrvg
;irulr,lr!6'orn r:lri'fi nr:rJ:v rfr unr:virrrutoranrilvriil 0 ra-u
lil nrsds: r UuAnruhrf nula*u
6'rfrt6'n;im:rr urirdor6'uud:'ir nrucn::rn'r:an1:rv'rivr u16'uu&u
d e !" - - i
til4u'r11n1fl Ufl 1:Vl1{'rUlJO.i4u:1415 :J141?VlUlAU {{141J'lU:?tJfl .i
a1:il:u nun'r:vir.:rupiru usirioufr qctll:v rfr urT6u siranr
ilyrivr u r 6'u fi n r :6'o r fi nr :rJ : v tfr unu to { rra o qau ttJ efio n 1a
"hi'fi nr:r.J:v rfr uornnruuoa niuriu fl oq!'u'16'uirfi nr:rJ:vrfr u

9. 20 !RhurEJzirosssu.lnurNUhrSnzr-u
nr:lirnuro.ranrtlvriilura-uriurirr urdr louuilrur'ru
n cus n : :r n r :il fr :rJ :v u u : r t n r : ( n vr :. ) Fr ru u n :: ! n r r n r :
q n r fi n r*r (a n o ) ua v er ruv n : :r n r : ir : o.r u r n :g1 u tta v rJ : v niu
qrunrr nr:fi nur (ailfl .) rfi ar urirfl unr:rJ:v rfr uejo u 1
d,rf,
rtiudruvflrcJornr:l:vrfru:l4riilEJrfiulou:?r.J r.r1nn?'r
fi cv r{Junr:rrrvqrtlfi 6'ranrtLuriilEna-uTn uFr:r
un6'rodrr niu nr:il:v ffi uanrru'riilura'unr u'lfrn:ourornruv
rrsse In''rsr lisr lsgr rr rs.ldxn't: (nt:.) tuairuto{a-id{f}fi 4.5.2rrd ddrr .
du r{l u n r : rJ : s ffi u : v rr'u nr ru n r u r o r n r : rir fiu e
Lr6 I a { a n 1
. - X, qu "o a 4
s.J14't a yr u r a u/d cr'r 1Juu1J v,J u ? r il n 1 : Lr4 !'r 14u fl til u { 1 . 5 00/o
r o r ni r n r :il : v ffi udr v:r o t o.r l uri v u r du lpr u : vltun"r dtto c
! - 6 qv
rn u? nu Lfl ru% fl 'r : Lllrrv rLuu i 1l :v nol6": a q druua'n du16'urd
lJvrll1vr 50% :'ru{'ruflr:riu 1Oolo rtjpruzualt.lirla toozo
a ^^^.,n r : rir ri'u q ua 6 u1 3oo/o (:r u a s sd rJ olurrr :r r 1 )
J - , a a s ol
nr1{fr 1 mflJftrihJanrrtrnTnuld'unrt|ldflmum{mruc
nrrilnm$;l.}?n uflrn1r (rrur} tudruro.r6'?dind 4.5.2
v I dqY I
14?uOVl t?JU:Ur8JU u1fiun
1 . u vt lJ't vtfl 0 { a tt'r }.r 14 1't il u 1 a u }.r 14? lJ 0 u o u n 0 50o/o
1.1 nr:fi;iruiulunr:riruunfrrturs
uvonrani ruasularru
70o/o
1,.2 nr:nuafr nnrrtzunnr:rirrfr ulru I0o/o
1,.3 nr:rJ:stuto.ranrtlt,lrlvura'u 30o/o
2. :'ru{'r1-Jvr1{nr:tlu I0o/o
3. nr:rijqril sd1:au[vrFI$avn':uTrJifla l0o/o
4. n1:n1a!nLtaflan1:Fnu0ul!
30o/o
:1tJ I00o/o
Y 3 r qv Z' a 4 v v 4
vr.tu tfl fufl fl 't: tuns$uu1j0{ nfl 5. uul]:luaut0ufiuou9lo.iv!.ivvt
i r r : ru ryr u r o r fflfi'n s uuu rtJ u;ir 6ry a o n n do r fi'r *u? Fr ? 1 il A ni 1
Y
^ - cl d, d
^
il d ,
' t qu
rt.iafl 1il14'r?vlulaS til0 tuutnu:rt gfl Ltas{0 tau{ tlnn?1ou!{!u Ly
I y^ d o
tfl an1:vn.r1uou't{[til4:{ iln1:fl '114u9]n1ns ttuufl l:u5u $.]uff n'r
1.r141?vr urau e'rn:uuu !?arnr::-ul;i{r,rilr eJrJ:vtl dstililrov
avfrau qrunrvrovt: rr:rvrtJunr:asri'oufiril:vfi vrBnrntorrru
x
LA I 1'1 il tlj fU U : u ?J:.J :t 1 n fl ? 1 lt 0 n a 1 n U n 1 : : y U ft.t O 1 U? UA fi A? U ilvu
'
!q '
v d a u qvd 4 d a
tlj'l:?tlU:ulJl.l?1 nJil:01.1t1:U.l U{V'lO{ Ll,l tl4UU{ zuA tAUtO.l fl'l:yl
fl ::rfl rian'rlnarivrurd'ulinfi dorJ:rnga qjvr'rhJ luraar u 1
r.rvliilurn-u lirlri'[:"iarlr:nrJFn6'rtrjiurJ:vrrtffluuarr:s1t
!
'
d lYl
ornvrnrrurr ovuiu lprrrnr:|:yuruanuyrivrura'ufi rir rfi uriutrj
ai:ulrar!riu r-nov rtluldiudnurusrarnr:rJ:s rfi urf, rr-lSurru
rfl unr:rJ:v ffi u'irfi ro nar:6utiunr:dxru'irfi n:ufrrur,riolillr n
n'jrfi ovrorarhJfi qrunrvrto.i.iru fr.iurnqoriuuuuhjrn:flnfi orn
rvfr'oruon'irr{Junr:rJ:s ffi uzu-nfi nofi nruvfr'rj:vtfr u"lu:srrs
! a<s - av < a ! e ,
1J5ufl Uniln1ililr tguilvtn l:utJntnutauvll4u{ Fr?u:'tu.tluu:uQ'tu
[!asrofl a1ifl 1:rJ:sffi umuror (Snn) fi16'ir-rnr:nnuriscioilaodrr
a:uu: 6o rfl unr:rJ:vrfi urfi olri'r.irurnrus{riruurrto.inrus
n : :xl n 15ilr a 551 u xl 1 fl n i 1 fr q c il : s ufi u rfi olTerur n fun r il r o.r
,^14U? U.r'rU0 t J'r { Uvr Q :.:
's-tra0ona0.in!;u rrlj! !n:{a:1{fl 'l:u:14r53J141?vlulau$!u tFr8.J fl {
druronr:uiur:o-'prnr:tiltduierraioodfi anrilvriilura-u uei6'o.iv
drtrJtaol1li6orndrfinmunrruvn:i!nr:n'r:qnil6nu1 dr:infr u:.1
'[dn::rnr:an1:rvlivruld'uluu-n**rd. 1 nrur,lfi rriuoql'luualu 6l
rturivrurd'u ovtriri:ariufi or:rurna'un:o.l{'rutondr:,lurn'rto
o rpifr fi r v q nd t nir { dru n a t 1o fl o r 6'u | : c au n'r :ni nn r :.r fr ra6o
i - ,tr
10{a11?41:vr9ruro.l5uvl:1uil1a1fl afl 1il141?vlulauttun0u (n1:
-c a u d d, I s
"
& -
u{ Luua1uil14't?ilu1au0{ t1Jl.Jnfuu5v LUt11lJ0.ivl{Fr'1fl ::iln'l:t0.i
-i '3ttavn?ilu'r?vru1auil$F}.ial!nna uraeirfi nirhjrifluan'r lj1.i uvi.i6{
v {,q ' { v ' & Aa, v Y
vI91rU1 tu tnAn?lUUO? Ufl 1:ttFr{A{!nnAiltuUmUU'llJ0.i{',lUt0na1:
ravn1:opm doldnuorn ano. uiur tfl ufl ::rfl rian'r
iluriilura-urf,t'Jtau
odxt:fi srrlt ifr o;il rruufr rm1.ilJo.rlie!urfl 't:'lu:vruoorufi nrgr
,i , q o - !
^
u 4a q a
ruauu$!a{ LU tuafl utuvvl3.114'rluu1auiloa:u !un1:!:141:Qan1:
xr'r nfi u n 1 : o 1-rffi r,t d'n 4 n : r,rio n r : n'r tfr un 1 :ln I ff 1 r.r 1 : n rir tfi ut!
nr:16'uinraSonrutuilvlivrur#u lorufi qof,'u40fi anrruriuard'o
q ! | | dv i <
ttau tulJ[uslr:J14'r2il ura u $nau !!vn nF] o{ [1I:JlJfrfl?'r]Ja1illicrlunr:
& d a a 4 ttel
tt1.ttluil1nfl u fl aslfl nn1n1ilvlnnmll.ll.l'.l0u1{uanLau{ !}.1 !9r?'.lfl 'l:
l{u n a r n : n ::il n r :an 1ilu 1i vr a r d'a dr 1 riulur,ta r a 1 ilu ri u I r du
{'a'!a
uuau rLunl:11:JlJFtFt?lLJa1:.rr:ntunt:miltiucjorl.jvrivrsra-uld'
o eir.rt: (uan or n asuiur:'h6'nurus tfl udlsli r,rio rrvi:utwi )
4 v uq
14:O fl 155fl 191n?lilAU LUfl 't:U:14'r:t0n !!FlAV}r141?ilU1ABnun:Cyl1
qe 4 ! ' dq ! , < dv v 1 i r '- -
Lnu:a Lil au:.JU[u14'][50itJau:s [utuytlj{0u 14:0t:0{n?1il L:Jfl no
luorrin: ra r rqiur rfi urdo.:ilrnriourfi urt:
-.lr. olnanlrnusoufl af,nlsu6Josuaou
-r{aarnnl:iln:rJnr:6nurfi16'rir lfi urroyrruritJ s. 25421dnads
tri'rfr rrnr:uJduutular lu:curluiur:rurivura-uod].ieiorfi or
rirur,rfi .:ff 6onr:airnruvrioreiryiu nr:rfl uilyriilur#u lurirfi'l
- H. .i-
lJ 0.i :5 vr.i q ? u n'r : yl :gu'r ail u'r u'r lJ ri a n n u:'r.r 1. 5.lJ. I 0.1 rrFt a y
I I q d u da
xJ14'r?YrU'rAUtljtqAnl tUlJ6UstFlU?fl U fl iln1:n:yA1U01UlA
n']:1Ji141:a'rnrirfin{runrucni:llnt:n1:qnil6nu1 (ano.) uay
a1nn6uvfl ::ilnr: cir:rrnr:ilariouluonlfinu't (nvio) drunr:
! . o6 q
n'mo')1.J1anrrnnau to ro.rusiavanrriuriilurfiu Int'Jriruuolfi

10. !trlh}JTEJLJ1sSSSUT-U.lNUhT-NUT-U
rfi ur 6oriir6'ry 1 2-3 6or rvirriu fi drnrd'orrir rfi unr:airu ano.
4 qv , A v q
'
v
t:0.: tt:n tnttfl fl 15lJ0.1uu5vtJ'tfua1n55u1a {{a0{ lu t11n5vu?un15
.:urJ:c:rlrudreiov.iruanrifi ricgr!6 (r:jowurJ:urrlru Tnura?'r1c
a {vla, A q | !,v
?{?u10.1f11:u:14't5t.lu:1u LFIUtUUt:o.i t146U 141n UJtqtAU[lA?
a A qe I
fi €Jr nfr 0vlfiil:vxlnilln41ivr ura-ufulorioaiafi nr:rowu
n1 uud'.i n1iril6 uuuilaranruvnlil t! rfl uilfin.:rurorio)
J ! ' Z, Av s ,
t:o.iytd0.i n'l:ttgt.i9l{yt9l0.i ttr165vuu LU:n!na1 "r 0u'l.i ttu
1.J',lUndn1llavfl :5iln15Afl 'rtJl4riVrUra'EJ, OBnr:r6, fird9|:'ra1:d
(fi uri I sir uvilrvdn uon u,rfi om nd 41il1:ne{1 rfi unr:16'ror
sauitadd
[nudn1ilu1?vrfl1au) r:0.iqaillu n0 rs0dtnu?nuuanqns
6.:fl ooriufi rfl udrurqro{anr:rulavura-u u6t6'$danrti
4 o ,.i d a
11 141?v U 1 A U $nilA?UUo n rilUo 01 Ul A 0 qil n 1 :r| :1 nl q fU? g}r
i v-
fl.i n.il. :u6l9lt0lj
?uodo nssunlsanluhl5ntj1au uhUahuru:
-.!t--!atJL'l
nnno{ta1u.illl,otuu tnuso u1nnf, m:la]u1u{n'lnu
uTrJuru rrn,nrsusmsodlro5to ourirltinssunrs
u$rh u?uamuh15nu1dufi uiu5orsnianrum5nu'lnlu
-.! -j ! rr €l
nou|o{nulao{out'lruu6nlnusoufl hso fn10s1u1,
il a:ollu I hq fi nssunrsdn'luh15n uldudluluTrjUou
u:ng"aorUunssun$oq?uhalu1uht5nuraurirft iU
tnSodrunrruaur.UuoTour.ru (implicit network) otjrrAc
d.roroL jrfr uUs:luadhSonrludln-ru?un1so-o?tiilri
Us:qunssunlsf nluhlSnurau?lirUunrrrnls (explicit
network) ?u nln r.ru r 5 u rruor rin so ur.r d U s,qu
odnrsudrrrirUs:rnnlnu (nuo.) h6ofirJs:quds:oru
f, n"rololsrjuhr5nurau rr riuds:r nnlnu (doun.)
our{lsfioru hal{?'lnn'rsdfiqdnrsfinur "tJ
occt
r0uo'uur drurorra:nllu5udoaoudr{l o1n nno.
iln: nuJo. lciqnrirulouurbdanrur,rr5nura-uouilnu
huodu dnluh15nura-ud$ncsUnrstJflqdou tort
- { .j - uqe ! a
0lu1{n15U51415eOn15dudAilAnlilU1?VtU'tA U tU8Jlfl vtan n{tilA0 nr:rir ifi unr:cJov.lr uuivr: anriluriil eJra-ulurruvto{r.1ru firriu
d v v4 tl
fi ovsr'o.rrclr'1iliuirilntou6'ru railo 0{fl aafufi fi nr:fr osior
nr a il n n : o.r ri'u o d r { il r n il r u 6'1 0 u6'r n :5il n 1 : a n'r ilvr?v u r d'u
c I s , tr d, o | e | & g
nu0il1rt0n1au:1nfltor!1.J almu:?:.1 !a!0un:{ auu
qd
u'rnfl ::!n1:attrlJul?vlu'rauil1u tfillfl 1:o'r:{41 uuunn::iln1:
a n r il u ri v g r a-u u a r u $vi.i il io sJ rl'u 1 fr n r 6'o s tir u niu fi o r : ru r
1#: o u n o u'j r o v ri olri'rfi n n r : tditr il : vTutri (syn e rgy) riut6':n n
U0Utl',lU{ [:
.j! 3 a' .qee a u Z'
n1:v{luvltvltJu'.lfl ?J1.Jfl ulSsvll L14Fr0{tJn1:iFrFr.i Alufl .i'l!An'l
& d, I dt vq - i
ilv ri il u r a'u {ur r rij ufr o r{J utf lu n r :l4r r r uo ei r r rYq ro u ull uv e u
ordurd'rufirfi roreirfinrruoBnr:rdniufi rirurr tu:rv ufi odorfi
nr:rirriunr:l4r{ruro{rlruuirar:rrfirdrtrj6:iqiln turur0'lo 6!
q, q r.i Z'-A
nrov'[riavo:n [o rvirfr nr: fi'{aitdu.irionr:tfr or]on:utitlru
uiur: uavfi nriluriilfl rduzud'oriutnt,ldt fi rir6'rgrarnfr or:rurfi.r
v Av c, a w .i
n't:ul4u'tvtoutljudlna fl 0.ianlilur?vu1auilav9|0{a:1{u'lv,t
6'nuni uavuarruruYvrarn:il')4fiu6!unr:rir tfiufi onr:tor
, u d.i oqvo Ct e - U
3J 141? vl U 1 A U Fr ? U tt6 ? fl U.lvl 1 t14 8'l tlj U 9l 0.i t:{ a Fr Fl { 141.J? U.l',] 1.J
eir fn l r ua n r rv ri vr e r a-udu:J r :o r ir
& A uq ,4 &
! 0 n 8 1 n uu n'r 5vt il 14l ? vt u l a u a! B !14}] rl n? 1 il n a 0 { Fr ? il 1 n fl u
(Auto n o m o u s body) a u r : n uiv r : I u tJ : vl r ruo'u ufl u riun r G
o1n:ro.r:'rul:tu6'nurus x^ufrou (Bl.ock grant) 6rdrutJu6'or
orfr'fl nr:riri'u odr.: roroi.rroroi rfi olri'rfr nnr:uirar:6'nnr:fi 6fi
rjr uiur.J:v?vrBnrnuav!:vf, uBfira Iouoro6'0{o1fi-u orrin:oa:c
o r r{n : fi fi a n r us rfl u n a r r ua v ufl ud'r uu ufl o { rJ : u fl r n}.J o u 1.: rfl l.J
a nr n rur o r : ti a n r dr :r t n r : ui o an r vr fin mu (hii r o vhi6o 6 u n
o Eirrt:) ra r rrrir a In u rav'lt v:vuu nlieri?oaou f,our,ra'r ( Post
.-,ZXv1 sq
audit) u'.ril nlno.:fr nr:o'errrrfiiorrin:nrcJ"luanr!urrvrurau
uaveirfinmuanrilvriile rdu rf, etuill#ruilrs6il fi'!nr :v{ru
uasnmriufirrtou
ussru.lL|nsu
1. University of Minnesota Board of Regents Policy,
http://www1.umn.edu/regents/ po[icies.htmI
rriiord?irruciruom "flnrfi usdun" ldr0u
'nnrsudosuuou" f,ufiudr0uorrinsnan
?unrsiu r ndouqoudnu"rao,lnu
ByLaws, Board of Regents Northern Kentucky University,
Revised May 14, 2003, http:./president.nku.edu/
resources/bytaws.pdf
Bytaws of the University Councit, University of Pensytvania
Atmanac, VoL47, No. 4, wvwv. upen n.ed u/a [manac,/v47l
no4lcouncilbytaws. htm L
Prof.vicharn Panich The Knowtedge Management Institute
http:,/gotoknow.orglbtog./thai km
i ao s - q
' i
nrofr druronr:d'o?u"[r uav n?1r.riufi nxoua.iil1 n LduilI
- I du d' d a d o d'
anlilu't?vlulaga1ntn3.Jyr0'rQilanBils tlu anllnu:rlufl {{Q1[u1.J
dorfi nr:rJirrJ1 uav u.Jd uuular dro niufiu orooiorfi
z,g
nr:il:vtilt-iounirflu lvr:rsu1n [fi nn?1ilfi oyiarn if, uur ulu
s: