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A vowel is a speech sound that
is produced without any
obstruction air in the speech
tract. There are twenty vowels
in English. These are sub-divided
into two: pure
vowels(monothongs) impure
vowels(diphthongs).
Vowels are described based on the following
 criteria:
(i) The height of the tongue
(ii) The part of the tongue that is raised or
 lowered
(iii) The position of the lips
A vowel may be short or
 long. Long vowels take two
 dots in front of them, e.g
/i:/, /a:/ while short vowels e.g
 /i:/, /e/ do not.
/i:/
           it is a long vowel
    common spellings.
ee, as in tree        e, as     in       complete
     as in cheese         as     in      jesus
     as in canteen        as    in       be
     as in seen           as     in      these
     as in been       i, as        in    machine
cene, as in scene         as      in      prestige
                          as        in     suite
 ea, as in leaf       ey, as      in      key
      as in reason         as      in     storey
      as in sea            as       in    money
     as in beat
ie,   as in piece
      as in field

ei,   as   in   seige
      as   in   receipt
      as   in   deceive
2.          /i/
   it is a short vowel
   common spellings
 i, as in bit            o, as in women
      as in sit          a, as in village
      as in rich             as in private
 y, as in lorry              as in manage
      as in bury         ay, as in monday
      as in any              as in sunday
 e, as in pretty         rhy, as in rhythm
       as in naked
       as in careless
minimal   pairs
  /i:/     /i/
 beat     bit
 deed      did
 bead      bid
 neat     hit
 seat      sit
3.             /e/
       It is a short vowel.
        common spellings
 e, as in set          ea, as in heaven
    as in get             as in feather
    as in beg              as in thread
    as in let              as in threat
    as in peck              as in dread
    as in peg          a, as in many
                           as in any
                         as in thames
                           as in ate
                           as in says
ea, as in dead   u,   as in bury
    as in head   eo   as in leopard
                      as in Geoffrey
4.
        It is a short vowel.
         common spellings
 a,   as in sat         a, as in badge
      as in bat           as in mary
      as in pack        ai, as in plait
      as in back            as in plaid
      as in hat
      as in bag
      as in batch
minimal pairs
/i:/       /i/      /e/
neat      knit     net
reach      rich    wretch
read       rid     red
pet    pat
peck   pack
ten     tan
EXERCISE: Construct one sentence
each with the following pairs of
words.

  1.   neat,    knit
  2.   reach,   rich
  3.   read,    rid
  4.   pet,     pat
  5.   peck,     pack
write 5 minimal pairs each of the
following sounds.
5.               /a:/
            It is long Vowel.
           common spellings:
     /a:/ It is long in the following words

       ar,   as   in   march
             as   in   large
             as   in   chart
             as   in   hard
     ear,    as   in   heart
er,   as in clerk
      as in Derby

al,   as in calf
      as in palm
      as in alms
au,   as in laugh
      as in aunt
minimal pairs

             cart    cut
            harm     hum
            march   much
            lark    luck
            dance   dunce
EXRCISE. Write ten contrastive pairs of the
following sounds.           .
6.
         It is a shot Vowel
         common spellings.
    o, as in dog
        as in pot
        as in hot
    a, as in was
        as in swan
        as in want
ou, ow, as in cough
        as in trough
   au, as in because
        as in Australia
        as in laurel
        as in qualify
7.
         It is a long Vowel
         common spellings;
     or,   as in cord
            as in sword
            as in born
     aw,    as in saw
            as in lawn
            as in dawn
            as in yawn
ore, oor,  as in before
          as in more
          as in floor
          as in door
oar, our, as in oar
          as in board
          as in court
          as in four
minimal pairs

 sport    spot
 board   bought
 stork   stock
 cord    cod
8.
           It is a short Vowel
           common spellings:
 u, as   in put            oo, as in good
    as   in full              as in book
    as   in cushion             as in cool
 o, as   in wolf           ou, as in could
    as   in woman               as in would
    as   in bosom               as in should
9.
       It is a long Vowel
       common spellings:
 oo, as in food        ou, as in group
     as in moon           as in through(N)
     as in spoon           as in wound
 o,  as in do         u, as in rude
     as in move            as in june
     as in lose            as in Susan
 ew, as in chew       ui, as in juice
 ue, as in blue       oe, as in shoe
minimal pairs

 shoe    shoot
 jews    juice
 lose    loose
10.
            It is a short Vowel
            common spellings:
  u, as   in hut          ou, as in rough
     as   in cut              as in trouble
     as   in Sunday            as in country
     as   in sun              as in young
  o, as   in won               as in cousin
     as   in one              as in courage
     as   in love
     as   in among
minimal pairs

 cop     cup
 long   lung
 dock    duck
 doll    dull
stock   stuck
11.
            It is a long Vowel
            common spellings:
  ir, yr, as in bird       ur, urr, as in turn
          as in first             as in church
          as in myrtle             as in purr
er, err, ear as in her      W+or, as in word
           as in serve            as in world
           as in err              as in work
           as in earth our,         as in journey
           as in heard             as in scourge
12.                     (schwa)
        It is a short Vowel
        common spellings:
 i,  as in possible
 e,   as in gentleman
 a,   as in woman
 o,   as in oblige
 u,   as in suppose
 ar,  as in particular
 er,  as in mother
 or,  as in doctor
 ou, as in famous
Assignment
provide ten common spellings
each of /i:/ and /i/

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Vowels

  • 1.
  • 2. A vowel is a speech sound that is produced without any obstruction air in the speech tract. There are twenty vowels in English. These are sub-divided into two: pure vowels(monothongs) impure vowels(diphthongs).
  • 3. Vowels are described based on the following criteria: (i) The height of the tongue (ii) The part of the tongue that is raised or lowered (iii) The position of the lips
  • 4. A vowel may be short or long. Long vowels take two dots in front of them, e.g /i:/, /a:/ while short vowels e.g /i:/, /e/ do not.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. /i:/ it is a long vowel common spellings. ee, as in tree e, as in complete as in cheese as in jesus as in canteen as in be as in seen as in these as in been i, as in machine cene, as in scene as in prestige as in suite ea, as in leaf ey, as in key as in reason as in storey as in sea as in money as in beat
  • 9. ie, as in piece as in field ei, as in seige as in receipt as in deceive
  • 10. 2. /i/ it is a short vowel common spellings i, as in bit o, as in women as in sit a, as in village as in rich as in private y, as in lorry as in manage as in bury ay, as in monday as in any as in sunday e, as in pretty rhy, as in rhythm as in naked as in careless
  • 11. minimal pairs /i:/ /i/ beat bit deed did bead bid neat hit seat sit
  • 12. 3. /e/ It is a short vowel. common spellings e, as in set ea, as in heaven as in get as in feather as in beg as in thread as in let as in threat as in peck as in dread as in peg a, as in many as in any as in thames as in ate as in says
  • 13. ea, as in dead u, as in bury as in head eo as in leopard as in Geoffrey
  • 14. 4. It is a short vowel. common spellings a, as in sat a, as in badge as in bat as in mary as in pack ai, as in plait as in back as in plaid as in hat as in bag as in batch
  • 15. minimal pairs /i:/ /i/ /e/ neat knit net reach rich wretch read rid red
  • 16. pet pat peck pack ten tan
  • 17. EXERCISE: Construct one sentence each with the following pairs of words. 1. neat, knit 2. reach, rich 3. read, rid 4. pet, pat 5. peck, pack
  • 18. write 5 minimal pairs each of the following sounds.
  • 19. 5. /a:/ It is long Vowel. common spellings: /a:/ It is long in the following words ar, as in march as in large as in chart as in hard ear, as in heart
  • 20. er, as in clerk as in Derby al, as in calf as in palm as in alms au, as in laugh as in aunt
  • 21. minimal pairs cart cut harm hum march much lark luck dance dunce EXRCISE. Write ten contrastive pairs of the following sounds. .
  • 22. 6. It is a shot Vowel common spellings. o, as in dog as in pot as in hot a, as in was as in swan as in want ou, ow, as in cough as in trough au, as in because as in Australia as in laurel as in qualify
  • 23. 7. It is a long Vowel common spellings; or, as in cord as in sword as in born aw, as in saw as in lawn as in dawn as in yawn
  • 24. ore, oor, as in before as in more as in floor as in door oar, our, as in oar as in board as in court as in four
  • 25. minimal pairs sport spot board bought stork stock cord cod
  • 26. 8. It is a short Vowel common spellings: u, as in put oo, as in good as in full as in book as in cushion as in cool o, as in wolf ou, as in could as in woman as in would as in bosom as in should
  • 27. 9. It is a long Vowel common spellings: oo, as in food ou, as in group as in moon as in through(N) as in spoon as in wound o, as in do u, as in rude as in move as in june as in lose as in Susan ew, as in chew ui, as in juice ue, as in blue oe, as in shoe
  • 28. minimal pairs shoe shoot jews juice lose loose
  • 29. 10. It is a short Vowel common spellings: u, as in hut ou, as in rough as in cut as in trouble as in Sunday as in country as in sun as in young o, as in won as in cousin as in one as in courage as in love as in among
  • 30. minimal pairs cop cup long lung dock duck doll dull stock stuck
  • 31. 11. It is a long Vowel common spellings: ir, yr, as in bird ur, urr, as in turn as in first as in church as in myrtle as in purr er, err, ear as in her W+or, as in word as in serve as in world as in err as in work as in earth our, as in journey as in heard as in scourge
  • 32. 12. (schwa) It is a short Vowel common spellings: i, as in possible e, as in gentleman a, as in woman o, as in oblige u, as in suppose ar, as in particular er, as in mother or, as in doctor ou, as in famous
  • 33. Assignment provide ten common spellings each of /i:/ and /i/