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1. Animal Form and Function Bioguru Suheel Dwivedi,www.bioguruindia.com

2. Fate of Embryonic Cell Layers

10. Polarity of Epithelial Cells

15. Types of Epithelial Tissue (Epithelia)

17. (Mesothelium)

24. Stratified Squamous Epithelium

28. Extracellular Matrix

34. Connective Tissue, cont’d.

45. Platelets White Blood Cell Red Blood Cells

48. Skeletal Muscle Dissected (Threads of Myosin and actin proteins) (A bundle of muscle cells) (Muscle Cell) (Cytoplasm of a muscle cell) (Plasma membrane of a muscle cell) (Group of Filaments)

50. Smooth Muscle Fibers cells)

53. Cardiac Muscle Branching

56. Neurons may reach astonishing lengths. For example, the axon of a single motor neuron may extend from the spinal cord down the whole length of the leg to the toe. Or a sensory neuron may send a dendrite down to the toe and an axon up the entire length of the spinal cord to terminate in the lower part of the brain. In an adult human, such a cell might be close to 2 meters long (5 meters in a giraffe).

59. What do we all spend our energy on?

60. Smaller animals use more energy to maintain their body mass

61. Smaller animals lose heat more easily so: They use more energy to maintain body temperature this in turn requires them to have a higher metabolic rate, which in turn requires more calories, more O 2 , more eating, faster breathing, faster heart rate and so on. WHY THIS INVERSE RELATIONSHIP OF BMR PER KG BODY MASS TO BODY SIZE FOR THE SAME ANIMALS?

65. Homeotherm, Poikilotherm

70. Homeostasis –keeping the body’s environment stable ( Greek - Unchanging/standing )

73. Example of Homeostatic Regulation

78. Heat Loss, cont’d. In cold weather, blood vessels constrict, so that heat is retained in the body. In hot weather, blood vessels dilate, so heat is lost by convection and radiation Evaporative cooling As water molecules evaporate, they carry some of the heat with them, thus cooling the surface they leave behind

81. THE END Bioguru Suheel Dwivedi,www.bioguruindia.com