6. John Hattie
Developing Potentials for Learning:
Evidence, assessment, and progress
John Hattie
Visible Learning Lab
University of Auckland
New Zealand
EARLI 2007
10. Question Formulation Technique
Produce Your Questions
Four essential rules for producing your own questions:
• Ask as many questions as you can.
• Do not stop to discuss, judge, or answer the questions.
• Write down every question exactly as it is stated.
• Change any statement into a question.
11. Improve Your Questions
• Categorize the questions as closed- or open-
ended.
• Name the advantages and disadvantages of
each type of question.
• Change questions from one type to another.
12. Prioritize the Questions
• Choose your three most important
questions.
• Why did you choose these three as the
most important?
14. Teaching and Learning Cycle
What do I
Where are my
want my
students
students to
now?
learn?
How do I
How will my
know when
students get
my student
there?
get there?
Curriculum support: consistent Teacher Judgement
http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/consistent_teacher/tlcycle.htm
I would like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of this land and pay my respects to the elders both past, present and future for they hold the memories, the traditions, the culture and hopes of Indigenous Australia
What is our job?
What is the teaching and learning cycle?Embedded in all DET syllabus documents is an understanding that explicit and systematic teaching and learning will best occur when teachers follow the process articulated by the teaching and learning cycle.The teaching and learning cycle represents the four stages that occur in the design and delivery of classroom tasks that incorporate an outcomes-based approach. The cycle has no start or end point, with each step informing the next. It is the process of gathering data and reflection that dictates where in the cycle you need to be operating. Where are my students now? (Assessment)In this phase of the teaching and learning cycle, teachers consider the types of student assessment data they will collect and analyse to inform the direction of their teaching program to best cater for their students' needs.It is assessment and evaluation that drives planning and teaching. Good teaching starts with evaluating what the student knows and determining what the student needs to know next.Careful planning creates the most appropriate teaching and learning experiences to lift the student to the next level of understanding.Analysing student assessment data tells teachers what their students already know, understand and can do.What do I want my students to learn? (Syllabus outcomes)When teachers have analysed student assessment data from the previous phase in the teaching and learning cycle, they are now informed about their students' learning and are able to devise teaching programs to effectively address future needs.For example, an analysis of student writing can enable teachers to gain insights about writing achievement against syllabus requirements. By comparing student baseline data to data collected at the end phase of a teaching and learning cycle, teachers are able to gauge the success of their classroom practice and the progress towards the achievement of planned outcomes.The syllabus documents provide outcomes, stage statements and content for each stage of primary schooling. Once teachers, through effective assessment practices, have ascertained a starting point, the syllabus should be used to plan and program explicit and systematic teaching and learning experiences.How will my students get there? (Teaching and learning strategies)This phase is the planning and programming stage of the teaching and learning cycle. There are three questions to be considered once teachers have defined the syllabus outcomes to be addressed.What will I do to maximise student learning opportunity to meet syllabus outcomes? teaching strategies classroom organisation learning environment What will the students do (or produce) to demonstrate attainment of syllabus outcomes? learning strategies and processes products: written, oral, technical, artistic... How well do I expect them to do? high expectation of student performance and achievement students should have explicit knowledge of criteria for success. e.g.: written criteria oral instructions modelling feedback as task proceeds How do I know when my students get there? (Student work sample)This is the assessment and recording phase of the teaching and learning cycle. In this phase the teacher begins to look at how effectively the students have achieved the outcomes selected in the second phase of the cycle. (How do I know when my students get there?).Consider:the role of consistent teacher judgement the value of the teacher's knowledge of the student as a learner that has been built up over time continuum of assessment from informal/formative ... to formal/summative Note that authentic assessment may include conventional tests, but may also incorporate alternative and innovative evaluation techniques.These assessments may include:journals or learning logs oral presentations concept mapsposter presentations practical experiences teacher quizzes 3D models oral quizzes analogies open-ended essays It is important that assessment is streamed through the learning cycle to measure students' progress as learning occurs.