Civil structure

1. The
Eiffel
Tower

2. Overview
 About the Tower
 Engineering Involved
 History Related
 Tourism
 Interesting Tidbits

3. About the tower…
 The Eiffel tower is puddle lattice tower located
on the Champ de Mars in Paris.
 Built in 1889, it has a global cultural icon of
france and one of the most recognizable
structure in the world.
 The tower stands 324m heigh..as high as a 81
storey building.
 The tower is Tallest Building in paris and the
most visited paid monuments in the world.
 Named after its designer , Er. Gustave
Eiffel….tower was built as entrance to World’s
Fair.

5. About the tower…
 The tower was erected for the Paris Exposition
of 1889; Exposition Universelle in French—the
Paris World’s Fair.
 The Paris Exposition of 1889 was the
Centennial of the French Revolution.
 The Constuction Period was from January 23
1887 to March 1889—two years, two months, 5
days.
 The tower was inaugurated on March 31, 1889.

7. Tower under construction—April 1888

8. Tower under construction—July 1888

9. Tower under construction—December 1888

10. Completed—May 1889

11. Paris World’s Fair…

12. Engineering
 Base of the Tower is on 4 piers which hold
names of the four cardinal points
 Each main support rests on blocks of masonry,
masonry rests on beds of concrete
 Concrete beds cover 60 square meters
 In the center of each—iron bars (25 ft, 6 in long
& 4 in thick) unite the masonry by clamps
 To ensure the Tower was level, Eiffel left room
for hydraulic presses at the angles of each pier

14. History
 So many people visited the Tower in it’s
1st
year that all almost all construction
costs were recovered w/ticket sales
 Tower was slated to only stand for 20
years, but after 20 years, it proved to be
a valuable communication tool for radio
broadcasting
 Tallest structure in the world at original
construction
 When Paris fell to the Nazis in WW2,
French rebels cut the cables to the
elevator so Hitler had to climb stairs

15. History…
 Eiffel used open latticework of wrought iron
to help the Tower hold up to wind gusts.
 Wanted wind to blow through the Tower,
not against it.
 Even during strong winds, the Tower never
sways more than 4.5 inches.

16. Tourism
 The Tower has 3 levels for visitors.
 Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or
by lift to first and second level.
 Walk from the Ground to First level is 300 steps.
 The third and the highest level is only accesible
by elevators.
 The first and the second level feature
resturants.

17. Staircase… Elevator…

18. Restaurant…

19. Tourism
 To use the stairs to the 1st
& 2nd
floor it
is 4,00 Euro
 To go all the way to the top in the
elevator it is 12,00 Euro—cheaper if
we are in a group
 The Tower opens at 9:30 am, and the
stairs close earlier than the elevator—
last lift at 11 pm
 To reach the top of the Tower (276
meters), visitors must take another
elevator from the second floor.

20. Interesting Tidbits
 Engineers of the project
were: Maurice Koechlin
and Emile Nouguier.
 Stephen Sauvestre was
the architect.
 Gustave Eiffel was the
contractor.
 Number of Iron
Workers = 300
 Number of Workers
Killed in Construction =
1
 Rivets = 2,500,000
 Iron Pieces = 18,038

21. Interesting Tidbits,
 Height = 324 meters
(986 ft)
 +/- 15 cm depending on
temperature
 1st
level = 57 m
 2nd
level = 115 m
 3rd
level = 276 m
 Height w/ antenna =
320.755 m (1052 ft)
 Weight = 7,000 tons
 1000 tons removed
during renovation in
1990s
 Base = 412 sq. ft (2.5 acres)
 Paint = 50 tons every 7 years
 Paint color is actually
Dark Brown
 Use 3 different colors—
dark to light

22. Interesting Tidbits
 The most interesting fact of the tower is As
being one of the most iconic images in the
world, the Eiffel Tower has been the
inspiration for the creation of over 30
duplicates and similar towers around the
world.
 i.e. Black pool tower,Lasvegas,Tokyo tower,
Ismaning radio tower …& many more.

23. Few Replicas …
 Village of parizh
(Russia)

24. Few Replicas …
 Bloemfontein
Eiffel tower

25. Few Replicas …
 Paris Hotel
(las vegas)

26. Thank You