MATERIALS ABOUT TENSES

1. RULES OF
TENSES

2. Abbreviations used in
the presentation
• S - Subject
• O - Object
• V1 - First form of
the verb
• V2 - Second form
of the verb
• V3 - Third form of

3. Simple Present
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + V1 + s/es + O
E.g.: Alec sells toffees.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + V1 + O
E.g.: Children perform on the
stage.

4. Present Continuous
1. If Subject is singular:
S + is/am + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: He is flying the kite.
2. If Subject is plural:
S + are+ V1 + ing + O
E.g.: They are flying kites.
‘am’ is used with ‘I’. ‘is’ is used with
‘he/she’. ‘are’ is used with

5. Present Perfect
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + has + V3 + O
E.g.: He has finished his work.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + have + V3 + O
E.g.: They have finished their work.

6. Present Perfect
Continuos
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + has + been + V1 + ing
+ since/for + O
E.g.: He has been dancing
for four hours.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + have + V1 + ing +
since/for + O

7. Simple Past
Whether the Subject is singular or plural,
rule remains the same:
S + V2 + O
John bought two toffees.

8. Past Continuos
1. If Subject is singular:
S + was + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: He was eating Pasta.
2. If Subject is plural:
S + were + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: They were flying kites.

9. Past Perfect
Whether the Subject is singular or plural,
rule remains the same:
S + had + V3 + O
E.g.: He had killed the snake.

10. Past Perfect
Continuous
Whether the Subject is
singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + had + been + V1 +
ing + since/for + O
E.g.:They had been
talking for over an hour.

11. Simple Fututre
Whether the Subject is singular or
plural, rule remains the same:
S + will/shall + V1 + O
E.g.: She will go there in the
evening.

12. Future Continuous
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule remains the
same:
S + will/shall + be + V1 + + ing + O
E.g.: They will be running tomorrow.

13. Future Perfect
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule remains the
same:
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
E.g.: Tom will have finished the work.

14. Future Perfect Continuous
Whether the Subject is singular or plural,
rule remains the same:
S + will/shall + have + been + V1 + ing +
O
E.g.: Jane will have been dancing on the stage
tomorrow.