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Northern VMUG

                                                  Understanding vSphere Stretched
                                                  Clusters, Disaster Recovery, and
                                                  Planned Workload Mobility
                                                  Craig Stewart – vSpecialist Technical UK/I

                                                  www.virtualpro.co.uk
                                                  Twitter: @vPro_UK




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                         1
A couple of things to set the stage…
• EMC are seeing lots of confusion out there re:
  Disaster Recovery (DR) and Disaster Avoidance
  (DA)
• Like the Chad’s blog post series – I will break
  this session into multiple parts:
         –      PART I – Understanding DR and DA
         –      PART II – Understanding Stretched vSphere Clusters
         –      PART III – What’s New?
         –      PART IV – Where are areas where we are working for the
                future?

• Will work hard to cover a lot, but leave time for
  QnA

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                   2
PART I…
                                                  Understanding DR and DA




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                      3
“Disaster” Avoidance – Host Level
                                                             This is vMotion.
                                                         Most important characteristics:




         X
                                                         • By
                                                           definition, avoidance, not
                                                           recovery.
                                                         • “non-disruptive” is
                                                           massively different than
                                                           “almost non-disruptive”


                                            “Hey… That host WILL need to go down
                                            for maintenance. Let’s vMotion to avoid
                                                     a disaster and outage.”



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                     4
“Disaster” Recovery – Host Level
                                                             This is VM HA.
                                                         Most important characteristics:




          X
                                                         • By definition recovery
                                                           (restart), not avoidance
                                                         • Simplicity, automation, se
                                                           quencing




                                Hey… That host WENT down due to unplanned
                                 failure causing a unplanned outage due to that
                                 disaster. Let’s automate the RESTART of the
                                          affected VMs on another host.


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                     5
Disaster Avoidance – Site Level
                                                            This is inter-site
                                                               vMotion.
                                                         Most important characteristics:




         X                                               • By
                                                           definition, avoidance, not
                                                           recovery.
                                                         • “non-disruptive” is
                                                           massively different than
                                                           “almost non-disruptive”

                                            Hey… That site WILL need to go down
                                           for maintenance. Let’s vMotion to avoid
                                                    a disaster and outage.


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                     6
Disaster Recovery – Site Level
                                                             This is Disaster
                                                               Recovery.
                                                         Most important characteristics:




          X                              • By definition recovery
                                            (restart), not avoidance
                                         • Simplicity, testing, split
                                            brain
                                            behavior, automation, se
                                            quencing, IP address
                                   Hey… Thatchanges
                                             site WENT down due to unplanned
                                     failure causing a unplanned outage due to that
                                     disaster. Let’s automate the RESTART of the
                                              affected VMs on another host.


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                     7
Type 1: “Stretched Single vSphere Cluster”

vCenter



    vSphere Cluster A                                                Distance




                                                           Distributed Logical Datastore




  Information in Datastore @ Site A                                                  Information in Datastore @ Site B


  © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                                 8
One little note re: “Intra-Cluster” vMotion
• Intra-cluster vMotions can be highly parallelized
         – and more and more with each passing vSphere release
         – With vSphere 4.1 and vSphere 5 it’s up to 4 per host/128
           per datastore if using 1GbE
         – 8 per host/128 per datastore if using 10GbE
         – …and that’s before you tweak settings for more, and
           shoot yourself in the foot :-)
• Need to meet the vMotion network requirements
         – 622Mbps or more, 5ms RTT (upped to 10ms RTT if
           using Metro vMotion - vSphere 5 Enterprise Plus)
         – Layer 2 equivalence for vmkernel (support requirement)
         – Layer 2 equivalence for VM network traffic (required)


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                9
Type 2: “Multiple vSphere Clusters”

vCenter



             vSphere Cluster A                                       Distance              vSphere Cluster B




                                                           Distributed Logical Datastore




  Information in Datastore @ Site A                                                  Information in Datastore @ Site B


  © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                                 10
One little note re: “Inter-Cluster” vMotion
• Inter-Cluster vMotions are serialized
         – Involves additional calls into vCenter, so hard limit
         – Lose VM cluster properties (HA restart priority, DRS
           settings, etc.)
• Need to meet the vMotion network requirements
         – 622Mbps or more, 5ms RTT (upped to 10ms RTT if
           using Metro vMotion w vSphere 5 Enterprise Plus)
         – Layer 2 equivalence for vmkernel (support requirement)
         – Layer 2 equivalence for VM network traffic (required)




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.              11
Type 3: “Classic Site Recovery Manager”
vCenter                                                                                                vCenter
 Prot.                                                                                                 Recov.


            vSphere Cluster A                                Distance              vSphere Cluster B




                                                  Array-based (sync, async or
                                                   continuous) replication or
                                                vSphere Replication v1.0 (async)

                        Datastore A                                          Read-only (gets promoted or
                                                                           snapshoted to become writeable)
                                                                                replica of Datastore A


 © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                          12
Part I - Summary
• People have a hard time with this… Disaster
  Avoidance != Disaster Recovery
         – Same logic applies at a server level applies at the site level
         – Same value (non-disruptive for avoidance, automation/simplicity for
           recovery) that applies at a server level, applies at the site level
• Stretched clusters have many complex considerations
• SRM and non-disruptive workload mobility are
  mutually exclusive right now
         – vMotion = single vCenter domain vs. SRM = two or more vCenter
           domains
         – Note – people use SRM for workload mobility all the time (and is
           improved in vSphere 5/SRM 5) – but this is always disruptive
         – SRM remains the simplest, cleanest solution across many use
           cases.


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                           13
PART II…
                                                  vSphere Stretched Clusters
                                                  Considerations




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                         14
Stretched Cluster Design Considerations
• Understand the difference compared to
  DR
         – HA does not follow a recovery plan workflow
         – HA is not site aware for applications, where are all the
           moving parts of my app? Same site or dispersed? How
           will I know what needs to be recovered?
• Single stretch site = single vCenter
         – During disaster, what about vCenter setting consistency
           across sites? (DRS Affinity, cluster settings, network)
• Will network support? Layer2 stretch? IP
  mobility?
• Cluster split brain = big concern, how to
  handle?
Not necessarily cheaper solution, read between the lines (there
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                15
Stretched Storage Configuration
• Literally just stretching the SAN fabric (or NFS
  exports over LAN) between locations
• Requires synchronous replication
• Limited in distance to ~100km in most cases
• Typically read/write in one location, read-only in
  second location
• Implementations with only a single storage
  controller at each location create other
  considerations.



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   16
Stretched Storage Configuration




                                                         Stretched Storage Fabric(s)
                                                         X
                                                X
                  Read/Write                                                           Read-Only




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                             17
Distributed Virtual Storage Configuration
• Leverages new storage technologies to distribute
  storage across multiple sites
• Requires synchronous mirroring
• Limited in distance to ~100km in most cases
• Read/write storage in both locations, employs data
  locality algorithms
• Typically uses multiple controllers in a scale-out
  fashion
• Must address “split brain” scenarios


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   18
Distributed Virtual Storage Configuration




                                                 X       X
                  Read/Write                                 Read/Write




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                    19
EMC VPLEX Overview
• EMC VPLEX falls into the distributed virtual storage
  category
• Keeps data synchronized between two locations
  but provides read/write storage simultaneously at
  both locations
• Uses scale-out architecture with multiple engines in
  a cluster and two clusters in a Metro-Plex
• Supports both EMC and non-EMC arrays behind the
  VPLEX



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   20
VPLEX – What A Metro-Plex looks like




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   21
Preferred Site in VPLEX Metro
• VPLEX Metro provides
  read/write storage in two
  locations at the same time
  (AccessAnywhere)                                               Read/
                                                                 write
                                                                                 Read/
                                                                                 write

• In a failure scenario, VPLEX                                                           I/O Halted
                                                                                         (VMware PDL

  uses “detach rules” to prevent                                                         response)

                                                               Distributed Virtual Volume
  split brain
         – A preferred site is defined on a per-
           distributed virtual volume (not site                          X
                                                                       IP/FC links
                                                                     for Metro-Plex
           wide) basis
         – Preferred site remains read/write;            Preferred                        Non-
           I/O halted at non-preferred site                Site                       Preferred Site


• Invoked only by entire cluster
  failure, entire site failure, or
  cluster partition
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                 22
Configuring Preferred Site…




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   23
Something to understand re: yanking &
“suspending” storage…
• What happens when you “yank” storage?
         – VMs who’s storage “disappears” or goes “read-only” behave
           indeterminately
         – Responding to a ping doesn’t mean a system is available (if it
           doesn’t respond to any services, for example)
         – There’s no chance of “split brain” data
         – But – VMs can stay alive for surprisingly long
         – Conversely, sometimes, VMs blue-screen quickly

• Yanked: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Op0i0cekLg
• Suspended: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJQfy7-udOY



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                      24
Stretched Cluster Considerations #1
Consideration: Without read/write storage at both
sites, roughly half the VMs incur a storage
performance penalty


• With stretched Storage Network configurations:
         – VMs running in one site are accessing storage in another site
         – Creates additional latency for every I/O operation
• With distributed virtual storage configurations:
         – Read/write storage provided, so this doesn’t apply




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                     25
Stretched Cluster Considerations #2
Consideration: Prior to and including vSphere
4.1, you can’t control HA/DRS behavior for
“sidedness”
• With stretched Storage Network configurations:
         – Additional latency introduced when VM storage resides in
           other location
         – Storage vMotion required to remove this latency
• With distributed virtual storage configurations:
         – Need to keep cluster behaviors in mind
         – Data is access locally due to data locality algorithms




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                26
Stretched Cluster Considerations #3
Consideration: With vSphere 4.1, you can use
DRS host affinity rules to control HA/DRS
behavior
• With all storage configurations:
         – Doesn’t address HA primary/secondary node selection (see
           What’s New, vSphere 5)
• With stretched Storage Network
  configurations:
         – Beware of single-controller implementations
         – Storage latency still present in the event of a controller failure
• With distributed virtual storage
  configurations:
         – Plan for cluster failure/cluster partition behaviors
• Note – not supported in vSphere 4.1, and until
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                          27
Stretched Cluster Considerations #4
Consideration: There is no supported way to
control VMware HA primary /secondary node
selection with vSphere 4.x
• With all storage configurations:
         – Limits cluster size to 8 hosts (4 in each site)
         – No supported mechanism for controlling/specifying
           primary/secondary node selection
         – Methods for increasing the number of primary nodes
           also not supported by VMware
• Note: highly recommended reading
    http://www.yellow-bricks.com/vmware-high-availability-
    deepdive/
• vSphere 5 VM HA implementation changes
  things…
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.          28
Stretched Cluster Considerations #5
Consideration: Stretched HA/DRS clusters (and inter-
cluster vMotion also) require Layer 2 “equivalence”
at the network layer
• With all storage configurations:
         – Complicates the network infrastructure
         – Involves technologies like OTV, VPLS/Layer 2 VPNs
• With stretched Storage Network configurations:
         – Can’t leverage vMotion at distance without storage latency
• With distributed virtual storage configurations:
         – Data locality enables vMotion at distance without latency
• Note how the SRM automated IP change is much
  simpler in many cases

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                  29
Stretched Cluster Considerations #6
Consideration: The network lacks site awareness, so
stretched clusters introduce new networking
challenges.
• With all storage configurations:
         – The movement of VMs from one site to another doesn’t
           update the network
         – VM movement causes “horseshoe routing” (LISP, a future
           networking standard, helps address this)
         – You’ll need to use multiple isolation addresses in your
           VMware HA configuration
• Note how the SRM automated IP change is much
  simpler in many cases

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.               30
Summary – and recommendations
Solutio Description   For Disaster For       Pros                                                                    Cons
n TypeDon’t let storage vendors do the Jedi mind
                      Avoidance,   Disaster                                                                trick on you.
                      you…         Recovery,
                                   you…
  In the Single cluster,
Type 1:  paraphrased words of Try to use VM “think a demoof the sexy
                          vMotion between Yoda… • Killer in not        • Places funky
“Stretche
d Single
        demo, in both sitesoperationsthough • Works very well in cluster and
         storage actively
         accessible
                    think of              HA,
                                                 during the failure
                                          likely use   a set of
                                                                          ”
                                                                disasterVM HA
vSphere              places.                                                     scripting in      cases               restrictions
Cluster”                                                                         practice.       • VM granularity    • More
                                                                                                                       complex
Type 2:              Multiple clusters,                   vMotion between        Scripting       • DA and DR in      • There’s no
“Multiple            storage actively                     sites                                    broad use cases     escaping
vSphere              accessible in both                                                          • No VM HA            scripting for
Clusters”            places                                                                        restrictions        DR
                                                                                                                     • More
                                                                                                                       complex
Type 3:              2 sites in a                         • Disruptive. For      Site Recovery   • Best RPO/RTO      • Plan
“Classic             protected/recovery                     a VM,                Manager           across the          granularity
Site                 relationship (can                      deregister,                            broadest set of   • Mobility
Recovery             be bidirectional,                      register, fix                          use cases           between sites
Manager”             and can be N:1)                        SRM                                  • Simple, robust,     is disruptive.
                                                          • Or, use SRM to                         DR testing and
                                                            do en-masse -                          failover
 © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.     still disruptively                                                          31
PART III…
                                                  What’s new….




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.           32
So – what’s new?
• NOW – Site Recovery Manager 5.0
• NOW – vSphere 5 VM HA rewrite & heartbeat
  datastores, help on partition scenarios
• NOW – vSphere 5 Metro vMotion
• NOW – Improved VPLEX partition behavior – will mark
  the target as “dead”, works better with vSphere
• NOW – VPLEX cluster interconnect and 3rd party
  witness




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   33
SRM 5.0 New Features
• New Workflows – inc Failback!!!
• Planned migration – with replication update
• vSphere Replication framework
• Redesigned UI – true single pane of glass configuration
• Faster IP customization
• SRM specific Shadow VM icons at recovery site
• In guest scripts callout via recovery plans
• VM dependency ordering configurable
• …..and a LOT more….


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.      34
SRM 5.0 – Automated Failback
• Reprotect VMs from Site B to
  Site A
     – Reverse Replication
     – Apply reverse resource map
                                                              Reverse original recovery plan
• Automate failover Site B to
  Site A                                                 Site A                  Site B

     – Reverse original recovery plan

• Simplify failback process                               vSphere                 vSphere

     – Automate replication management
                                                                         Reverse
     – Eliminate need to set up new                                      Replication
       recovery plan and cleanup

• Restrictions
         – Does not apply if Site A physically
               lost
         – Not available at GA with vSphere
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                         35
SRM 5.0 – vSphere Replication
 Adding native replication to SRM




                                                         source   target




    • VMs can be replicated regardless of the underlying storage
    • Enables replication between heterogeneous datastores
    • Replication is managed as a property of a virtual machine
    • Efficient replication minimizes impact on VM workloads
    • Considerations: Scale, Failback, Consistency Groups

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                     36
vSphere 5.0 - HA
• Complete re-write of vSphere HA
• Elimination of
  Primary/Secondary concept
• Foundation for increased scale
  and functionality                                          ESX 01   ESX 03
         – Eliminates common issues (DNS resolution)

• Multiple Communication Paths
         – Can leverage storage as well as the mgmt
           network for communications
         – Enhances the ability to detect certain types of
           failures and provides redundancy

• IPv6 Support
• Enhanced User Interface                                    ESX 02   ESX 04

• Enhanced Deployment

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                         37
vSphere 5.0 HA – Heartbeat Datastores
• Monitor availability of Slave hosts
  and VMs running on them
• Determine host network isolated VS
  network partitioned
                                                         ESX 01   ESX 03
• Coordinate with other Masters – VM
  can only be owned by one master
• By default, vCenter will automatically
  pick 2 datastores
• Very useful for hardening
  stretched storage models
                                                         ESX 02   ESX 04




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                     38
Metro vMotion – Stretched Clusters
• Enable vMotion across
  longer distances
• Workload balancing
  between sites
• Less latency sensitive
• Work underway on support                               Site A   Site B

• Work underway on building
  upon 4.1 vSphere DRS host
  affinity groups


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                     39
What’s new with VPLEX 5.0
                                                             GeoSynchrony 5.0 for
                                                                  VPLEX
                                                         • Expanded 3rd party storage support
                                                         • VP-Copy for EMC arrays
                                                         • Expanded array qualifications (ALUA)
                                                         • VPLEX Witness
                                                         • Host cross-cluster connected
                                                         • VPLEX Element Manager API
                                                         • VPLEX Geo



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                            40
VS2: New VPLEX Hardware
                                                  • Faster Intel multi-core processors
                                                  • Faster engine interconnect interfaces
                                                  • Space-efficient engine form factor

                                                  • Third-party rack support

                                               Migrated an entire datacenter – saving $500,000 in revenue
                                               VPLEX paid for itself twice-over in a single event. As a hospital
                                               they did not have to interrupt healthcare.
                                               “I'm sure glad we made the DR investment. It took a lot of
                                               pressure off us. We ran the DR virtual farm over 50 hours. This
                                               is solid stuff. VPLEX is well worth the investment by the way.”
                                                                          CIO, Northern Hospital of Surry County




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                             41
VPLEX Witness
                                 VPLEX
                                 WITNESS
                                                                 • Use with VPLEX Metro and
                                                                   VPLEX Geo
                                                                 • Coordinates seamless
                                                                   failover
                                                                 • Runs as a virtual machine
 LUN A A C C E S S A N Y W H E R E                       LUN A     within an ESX host
                                                                 • Connects to VPLEX
                                                                   through IP

                    Integrates with hosts, clusters, applications to
                    automate failover and recovery


© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                         42
VPLEX Family Use Cases
               MOBILITY                                       AVAILABILITY               COLLABORATION
   Cluster A                         Cluster B




            ACCESS ANYWHERE                                    ACCESS ANYWHERE              ACCESS ANYWHERE



    Move and relocate                                    Maintain availability and       Enable concurrent
   VMs, applications, and                                   non-stop access by        read/write access to data
    data over distance                                   mirroring across locations       across locations
    Disaster avoidance                                       High availability        Instant and simultaneous
                                                                                      data access over distance
  Data center migration                                    Eliminate storage
                                                         operations from failover       Streamline workflow
 Workload rebalancing



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                            43
VPLEX Family Product Matrix
                                                         Local   Metro   Geo
      Mobility
          Within a data center

          Synchronous: approximately 100 km

          Asynchronous: approximately 1,000 km

      Availability
          High availability

          VPLEX Witness support

          Cross-cluster connected configuration

      Collaboration
          Between two sites



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                         44
For More Information…
• Using VPLEX Metro with VMware HA:
    http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1026692
• vMotion over Distance Support with VPLEX
  Metro:
  http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1021215
• VPLEX Metro HA techbook
  http://powerlink.emc.com/km/live1/en_US/Offeri
  ng_Technical/Technical_Documentation/h7113-
  vplex-architecture-deployment-techbook.pdf
• VPLEX Metro with VMware HA
  http://powerlink.emc.com/km/live1/en_US/Offeri
  ng_Technical/White_Paper/h8218-vplex-metro-
  vmware-ha-wp.pdf

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   45
PART IV…
                                                  What we’re working on….




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                      46
Moving Forward
• Ongoing SRM and VM HA enhancements
• Hardening the Metro use case and enhancing support
  models:
         – This includes a much more robust test harness – result of a lot of
           joint work between VMware and EMC

                http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/10/07/vsphere-metro-storage-cluster-solutions-
                what-is-supported-and-what-not/

                http://virtualgeek.typepad.com/virtual_geek/2011/10/new-vmware-hcl-category-vsphere-
                metro-stretched-cluster.html


         – Result of a lot of demand for stretched cluster models.
• Improving stretched cluster + SRM coexistence
• Too many things to cover today….quick look at just a
  few of them….
© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                 47
VM Component Protection
• Detect and recover from catastrophic infrastructure
  failures affecting a VM
         – Loss of storage path
         – Loss of Network link connectivity

• VMware HA restarts VM on available healthy host


                                              VMware ESX   VMware ESX




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                  48
Automated Stretched Cluster Config
• Leverage the work in VASA and VM Granular
  Storage (VSP3205)
• Automated site protection for all VM’s
• Benefits of single cluster model
• Automated setup of HA and DRS affinity rules
                                                                               HA/DRS Cluster


                                                                           Distributed Storage Volumes


                                                                               Layer 2 Network
                                                         Site A   Site B

© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                               49
Increased Topology Support

                                                                  SRM (future)
                           Metro Distance
                           Storage
                           Clusters, Sync


                            MetroHA (today)
                            SRM (future)                                          Site C
             Site A                                      Site B


                                                                                           Geo Distance Storage
                                                                                           Clusters, Async


                                                                                               SRM (future)


                                                                                 Site A                           Site B




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                                     50
Q & A – Part 1 – Questions from us to
you.
• “I think a stretched cluster is what we need… How do I
  know?”
• “I think a DR solution is what we need... How do I know?”
• “Stretched clustering sounds awesome, why not?”
• “Our storage vendor/team tells us their disaster avoidance
  solution will do everything we want, HA, DA, DR, we are not
  experts here, should we be wary?”
• “Our corporate SLA’s for recovery are simple BUT we have
  LOTS of expertise and think we can handle the bleeding edge
  stuff should we just go for it???”




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.          51
Q & A – Part 2 – Questions from us to
you.
• “Can we have our cake and eat it yet? We want BOTH
  solutions together?”
• “Is there anything the storage vendors are NOT telling us that
  might make running this day to day costly from an opex point
  of view?”
• “Why does one solution use a single vCenter yet the other
  uses two?? the DR solution seems less flexible and more
  complex to manage, is that fair?”
• “My datacenter server rooms are 50 ft apart but i definitely
  want a DR solution what's wrong with that idea?”




© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.             52
Q & A – Part 3 – We would love to hear…
Looking to async distances….
• Is “cold migration” over distance good enough for
  you, or is it live or nothing?
• Would you pay for it?
• Would you be willing to be very heterogenous to
  use it?
• What are your thoughts on networking solutions
  (are you looking at OTV type stuff?)



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   53
THANK YOU



© Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.   54

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Vmug da-wm-vplex-vmware

  • 1. Northern VMUG Understanding vSphere Stretched Clusters, Disaster Recovery, and Planned Workload Mobility Craig Stewart – vSpecialist Technical UK/I www.virtualpro.co.uk Twitter: @vPro_UK © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 1
  • 2. A couple of things to set the stage… • EMC are seeing lots of confusion out there re: Disaster Recovery (DR) and Disaster Avoidance (DA) • Like the Chad’s blog post series – I will break this session into multiple parts: – PART I – Understanding DR and DA – PART II – Understanding Stretched vSphere Clusters – PART III – What’s New? – PART IV – Where are areas where we are working for the future? • Will work hard to cover a lot, but leave time for QnA © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 2
  • 3. PART I… Understanding DR and DA © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 3
  • 4. “Disaster” Avoidance – Host Level This is vMotion. Most important characteristics: X • By definition, avoidance, not recovery. • “non-disruptive” is massively different than “almost non-disruptive” “Hey… That host WILL need to go down for maintenance. Let’s vMotion to avoid a disaster and outage.” © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 4
  • 5. “Disaster” Recovery – Host Level This is VM HA. Most important characteristics: X • By definition recovery (restart), not avoidance • Simplicity, automation, se quencing Hey… That host WENT down due to unplanned failure causing a unplanned outage due to that disaster. Let’s automate the RESTART of the affected VMs on another host. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 5
  • 6. Disaster Avoidance – Site Level This is inter-site vMotion. Most important characteristics: X • By definition, avoidance, not recovery. • “non-disruptive” is massively different than “almost non-disruptive” Hey… That site WILL need to go down for maintenance. Let’s vMotion to avoid a disaster and outage. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 6
  • 7. Disaster Recovery – Site Level This is Disaster Recovery. Most important characteristics: X • By definition recovery (restart), not avoidance • Simplicity, testing, split brain behavior, automation, se quencing, IP address Hey… Thatchanges site WENT down due to unplanned failure causing a unplanned outage due to that disaster. Let’s automate the RESTART of the affected VMs on another host. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 7
  • 8. Type 1: “Stretched Single vSphere Cluster” vCenter vSphere Cluster A Distance Distributed Logical Datastore Information in Datastore @ Site A Information in Datastore @ Site B © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 8
  • 9. One little note re: “Intra-Cluster” vMotion • Intra-cluster vMotions can be highly parallelized – and more and more with each passing vSphere release – With vSphere 4.1 and vSphere 5 it’s up to 4 per host/128 per datastore if using 1GbE – 8 per host/128 per datastore if using 10GbE – …and that’s before you tweak settings for more, and shoot yourself in the foot :-) • Need to meet the vMotion network requirements – 622Mbps or more, 5ms RTT (upped to 10ms RTT if using Metro vMotion - vSphere 5 Enterprise Plus) – Layer 2 equivalence for vmkernel (support requirement) – Layer 2 equivalence for VM network traffic (required) © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 9
  • 10. Type 2: “Multiple vSphere Clusters” vCenter vSphere Cluster A Distance vSphere Cluster B Distributed Logical Datastore Information in Datastore @ Site A Information in Datastore @ Site B © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 10
  • 11. One little note re: “Inter-Cluster” vMotion • Inter-Cluster vMotions are serialized – Involves additional calls into vCenter, so hard limit – Lose VM cluster properties (HA restart priority, DRS settings, etc.) • Need to meet the vMotion network requirements – 622Mbps or more, 5ms RTT (upped to 10ms RTT if using Metro vMotion w vSphere 5 Enterprise Plus) – Layer 2 equivalence for vmkernel (support requirement) – Layer 2 equivalence for VM network traffic (required) © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 11
  • 12. Type 3: “Classic Site Recovery Manager” vCenter vCenter Prot. Recov. vSphere Cluster A Distance vSphere Cluster B Array-based (sync, async or continuous) replication or vSphere Replication v1.0 (async) Datastore A Read-only (gets promoted or snapshoted to become writeable) replica of Datastore A © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 12
  • 13. Part I - Summary • People have a hard time with this… Disaster Avoidance != Disaster Recovery – Same logic applies at a server level applies at the site level – Same value (non-disruptive for avoidance, automation/simplicity for recovery) that applies at a server level, applies at the site level • Stretched clusters have many complex considerations • SRM and non-disruptive workload mobility are mutually exclusive right now – vMotion = single vCenter domain vs. SRM = two or more vCenter domains – Note – people use SRM for workload mobility all the time (and is improved in vSphere 5/SRM 5) – but this is always disruptive – SRM remains the simplest, cleanest solution across many use cases. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 13
  • 14. PART II… vSphere Stretched Clusters Considerations © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 14
  • 15. Stretched Cluster Design Considerations • Understand the difference compared to DR – HA does not follow a recovery plan workflow – HA is not site aware for applications, where are all the moving parts of my app? Same site or dispersed? How will I know what needs to be recovered? • Single stretch site = single vCenter – During disaster, what about vCenter setting consistency across sites? (DRS Affinity, cluster settings, network) • Will network support? Layer2 stretch? IP mobility? • Cluster split brain = big concern, how to handle? Not necessarily cheaper solution, read between the lines (there © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 15
  • 16. Stretched Storage Configuration • Literally just stretching the SAN fabric (or NFS exports over LAN) between locations • Requires synchronous replication • Limited in distance to ~100km in most cases • Typically read/write in one location, read-only in second location • Implementations with only a single storage controller at each location create other considerations. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 16
  • 17. Stretched Storage Configuration Stretched Storage Fabric(s) X X Read/Write Read-Only © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 17
  • 18. Distributed Virtual Storage Configuration • Leverages new storage technologies to distribute storage across multiple sites • Requires synchronous mirroring • Limited in distance to ~100km in most cases • Read/write storage in both locations, employs data locality algorithms • Typically uses multiple controllers in a scale-out fashion • Must address “split brain” scenarios © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 18
  • 19. Distributed Virtual Storage Configuration X X Read/Write Read/Write © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 19
  • 20. EMC VPLEX Overview • EMC VPLEX falls into the distributed virtual storage category • Keeps data synchronized between two locations but provides read/write storage simultaneously at both locations • Uses scale-out architecture with multiple engines in a cluster and two clusters in a Metro-Plex • Supports both EMC and non-EMC arrays behind the VPLEX © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 20
  • 21. VPLEX – What A Metro-Plex looks like © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 21
  • 22. Preferred Site in VPLEX Metro • VPLEX Metro provides read/write storage in two locations at the same time (AccessAnywhere) Read/ write Read/ write • In a failure scenario, VPLEX I/O Halted (VMware PDL uses “detach rules” to prevent response) Distributed Virtual Volume split brain – A preferred site is defined on a per- distributed virtual volume (not site X IP/FC links for Metro-Plex wide) basis – Preferred site remains read/write; Preferred Non- I/O halted at non-preferred site Site Preferred Site • Invoked only by entire cluster failure, entire site failure, or cluster partition © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 22
  • 23. Configuring Preferred Site… © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 23
  • 24. Something to understand re: yanking & “suspending” storage… • What happens when you “yank” storage? – VMs who’s storage “disappears” or goes “read-only” behave indeterminately – Responding to a ping doesn’t mean a system is available (if it doesn’t respond to any services, for example) – There’s no chance of “split brain” data – But – VMs can stay alive for surprisingly long – Conversely, sometimes, VMs blue-screen quickly • Yanked: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Op0i0cekLg • Suspended: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJQfy7-udOY © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 24
  • 25. Stretched Cluster Considerations #1 Consideration: Without read/write storage at both sites, roughly half the VMs incur a storage performance penalty • With stretched Storage Network configurations: – VMs running in one site are accessing storage in another site – Creates additional latency for every I/O operation • With distributed virtual storage configurations: – Read/write storage provided, so this doesn’t apply © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 25
  • 26. Stretched Cluster Considerations #2 Consideration: Prior to and including vSphere 4.1, you can’t control HA/DRS behavior for “sidedness” • With stretched Storage Network configurations: – Additional latency introduced when VM storage resides in other location – Storage vMotion required to remove this latency • With distributed virtual storage configurations: – Need to keep cluster behaviors in mind – Data is access locally due to data locality algorithms © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 26
  • 27. Stretched Cluster Considerations #3 Consideration: With vSphere 4.1, you can use DRS host affinity rules to control HA/DRS behavior • With all storage configurations: – Doesn’t address HA primary/secondary node selection (see What’s New, vSphere 5) • With stretched Storage Network configurations: – Beware of single-controller implementations – Storage latency still present in the event of a controller failure • With distributed virtual storage configurations: – Plan for cluster failure/cluster partition behaviors • Note – not supported in vSphere 4.1, and until © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 27
  • 28. Stretched Cluster Considerations #4 Consideration: There is no supported way to control VMware HA primary /secondary node selection with vSphere 4.x • With all storage configurations: – Limits cluster size to 8 hosts (4 in each site) – No supported mechanism for controlling/specifying primary/secondary node selection – Methods for increasing the number of primary nodes also not supported by VMware • Note: highly recommended reading http://www.yellow-bricks.com/vmware-high-availability- deepdive/ • vSphere 5 VM HA implementation changes things… © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 28
  • 29. Stretched Cluster Considerations #5 Consideration: Stretched HA/DRS clusters (and inter- cluster vMotion also) require Layer 2 “equivalence” at the network layer • With all storage configurations: – Complicates the network infrastructure – Involves technologies like OTV, VPLS/Layer 2 VPNs • With stretched Storage Network configurations: – Can’t leverage vMotion at distance without storage latency • With distributed virtual storage configurations: – Data locality enables vMotion at distance without latency • Note how the SRM automated IP change is much simpler in many cases © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 29
  • 30. Stretched Cluster Considerations #6 Consideration: The network lacks site awareness, so stretched clusters introduce new networking challenges. • With all storage configurations: – The movement of VMs from one site to another doesn’t update the network – VM movement causes “horseshoe routing” (LISP, a future networking standard, helps address this) – You’ll need to use multiple isolation addresses in your VMware HA configuration • Note how the SRM automated IP change is much simpler in many cases © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 30
  • 31. Summary – and recommendations Solutio Description For Disaster For Pros Cons n TypeDon’t let storage vendors do the Jedi mind Avoidance, Disaster trick on you. you… Recovery, you… In the Single cluster, Type 1: paraphrased words of Try to use VM “think a demoof the sexy vMotion between Yoda… • Killer in not • Places funky “Stretche d Single demo, in both sitesoperationsthough • Works very well in cluster and storage actively accessible think of HA, during the failure likely use a set of ” disasterVM HA vSphere places. scripting in cases restrictions Cluster” practice. • VM granularity • More complex Type 2: Multiple clusters, vMotion between Scripting • DA and DR in • There’s no “Multiple storage actively sites broad use cases escaping vSphere accessible in both • No VM HA scripting for Clusters” places restrictions DR • More complex Type 3: 2 sites in a • Disruptive. For Site Recovery • Best RPO/RTO • Plan “Classic protected/recovery a VM, Manager across the granularity Site relationship (can deregister, broadest set of • Mobility Recovery be bidirectional, register, fix use cases between sites Manager” and can be N:1) SRM • Simple, robust, is disruptive. • Or, use SRM to DR testing and do en-masse - failover © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. still disruptively 31
  • 32. PART III… What’s new…. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 32
  • 33. So – what’s new? • NOW – Site Recovery Manager 5.0 • NOW – vSphere 5 VM HA rewrite & heartbeat datastores, help on partition scenarios • NOW – vSphere 5 Metro vMotion • NOW – Improved VPLEX partition behavior – will mark the target as “dead”, works better with vSphere • NOW – VPLEX cluster interconnect and 3rd party witness © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 33
  • 34. SRM 5.0 New Features • New Workflows – inc Failback!!! • Planned migration – with replication update • vSphere Replication framework • Redesigned UI – true single pane of glass configuration • Faster IP customization • SRM specific Shadow VM icons at recovery site • In guest scripts callout via recovery plans • VM dependency ordering configurable • …..and a LOT more…. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 34
  • 35. SRM 5.0 – Automated Failback • Reprotect VMs from Site B to Site A – Reverse Replication – Apply reverse resource map Reverse original recovery plan • Automate failover Site B to Site A Site A Site B – Reverse original recovery plan • Simplify failback process vSphere vSphere – Automate replication management Reverse – Eliminate need to set up new Replication recovery plan and cleanup • Restrictions – Does not apply if Site A physically lost – Not available at GA with vSphere © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 35
  • 36. SRM 5.0 – vSphere Replication  Adding native replication to SRM source target • VMs can be replicated regardless of the underlying storage • Enables replication between heterogeneous datastores • Replication is managed as a property of a virtual machine • Efficient replication minimizes impact on VM workloads • Considerations: Scale, Failback, Consistency Groups © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 36
  • 37. vSphere 5.0 - HA • Complete re-write of vSphere HA • Elimination of Primary/Secondary concept • Foundation for increased scale and functionality ESX 01 ESX 03 – Eliminates common issues (DNS resolution) • Multiple Communication Paths – Can leverage storage as well as the mgmt network for communications – Enhances the ability to detect certain types of failures and provides redundancy • IPv6 Support • Enhanced User Interface ESX 02 ESX 04 • Enhanced Deployment © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 37
  • 38. vSphere 5.0 HA – Heartbeat Datastores • Monitor availability of Slave hosts and VMs running on them • Determine host network isolated VS network partitioned ESX 01 ESX 03 • Coordinate with other Masters – VM can only be owned by one master • By default, vCenter will automatically pick 2 datastores • Very useful for hardening stretched storage models ESX 02 ESX 04 © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 38
  • 39. Metro vMotion – Stretched Clusters • Enable vMotion across longer distances • Workload balancing between sites • Less latency sensitive • Work underway on support Site A Site B • Work underway on building upon 4.1 vSphere DRS host affinity groups © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 39
  • 40. What’s new with VPLEX 5.0 GeoSynchrony 5.0 for VPLEX • Expanded 3rd party storage support • VP-Copy for EMC arrays • Expanded array qualifications (ALUA) • VPLEX Witness • Host cross-cluster connected • VPLEX Element Manager API • VPLEX Geo © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 40
  • 41. VS2: New VPLEX Hardware • Faster Intel multi-core processors • Faster engine interconnect interfaces • Space-efficient engine form factor • Third-party rack support Migrated an entire datacenter – saving $500,000 in revenue VPLEX paid for itself twice-over in a single event. As a hospital they did not have to interrupt healthcare. “I'm sure glad we made the DR investment. It took a lot of pressure off us. We ran the DR virtual farm over 50 hours. This is solid stuff. VPLEX is well worth the investment by the way.” CIO, Northern Hospital of Surry County © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 41
  • 42. VPLEX Witness VPLEX WITNESS • Use with VPLEX Metro and VPLEX Geo • Coordinates seamless failover • Runs as a virtual machine LUN A A C C E S S A N Y W H E R E LUN A within an ESX host • Connects to VPLEX through IP Integrates with hosts, clusters, applications to automate failover and recovery © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 42
  • 43. VPLEX Family Use Cases MOBILITY AVAILABILITY COLLABORATION Cluster A Cluster B ACCESS ANYWHERE ACCESS ANYWHERE ACCESS ANYWHERE Move and relocate Maintain availability and Enable concurrent VMs, applications, and non-stop access by read/write access to data data over distance mirroring across locations across locations Disaster avoidance High availability Instant and simultaneous data access over distance Data center migration Eliminate storage operations from failover Streamline workflow Workload rebalancing © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 43
  • 44. VPLEX Family Product Matrix Local Metro Geo Mobility Within a data center Synchronous: approximately 100 km Asynchronous: approximately 1,000 km Availability High availability VPLEX Witness support Cross-cluster connected configuration Collaboration Between two sites © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 44
  • 45. For More Information… • Using VPLEX Metro with VMware HA: http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1026692 • vMotion over Distance Support with VPLEX Metro: http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1021215 • VPLEX Metro HA techbook http://powerlink.emc.com/km/live1/en_US/Offeri ng_Technical/Technical_Documentation/h7113- vplex-architecture-deployment-techbook.pdf • VPLEX Metro with VMware HA http://powerlink.emc.com/km/live1/en_US/Offeri ng_Technical/White_Paper/h8218-vplex-metro- vmware-ha-wp.pdf © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 45
  • 46. PART IV… What we’re working on…. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 46
  • 47. Moving Forward • Ongoing SRM and VM HA enhancements • Hardening the Metro use case and enhancing support models: – This includes a much more robust test harness – result of a lot of joint work between VMware and EMC http://www.yellow-bricks.com/2011/10/07/vsphere-metro-storage-cluster-solutions- what-is-supported-and-what-not/ http://virtualgeek.typepad.com/virtual_geek/2011/10/new-vmware-hcl-category-vsphere- metro-stretched-cluster.html – Result of a lot of demand for stretched cluster models. • Improving stretched cluster + SRM coexistence • Too many things to cover today….quick look at just a few of them…. © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 47
  • 48. VM Component Protection • Detect and recover from catastrophic infrastructure failures affecting a VM – Loss of storage path – Loss of Network link connectivity • VMware HA restarts VM on available healthy host VMware ESX VMware ESX © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 48
  • 49. Automated Stretched Cluster Config • Leverage the work in VASA and VM Granular Storage (VSP3205) • Automated site protection for all VM’s • Benefits of single cluster model • Automated setup of HA and DRS affinity rules HA/DRS Cluster Distributed Storage Volumes Layer 2 Network Site A Site B © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 49
  • 50. Increased Topology Support SRM (future) Metro Distance Storage Clusters, Sync MetroHA (today) SRM (future) Site C Site A Site B Geo Distance Storage Clusters, Async SRM (future) Site A Site B © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 50
  • 51. Q & A – Part 1 – Questions from us to you. • “I think a stretched cluster is what we need… How do I know?” • “I think a DR solution is what we need... How do I know?” • “Stretched clustering sounds awesome, why not?” • “Our storage vendor/team tells us their disaster avoidance solution will do everything we want, HA, DA, DR, we are not experts here, should we be wary?” • “Our corporate SLA’s for recovery are simple BUT we have LOTS of expertise and think we can handle the bleeding edge stuff should we just go for it???” © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 51
  • 52. Q & A – Part 2 – Questions from us to you. • “Can we have our cake and eat it yet? We want BOTH solutions together?” • “Is there anything the storage vendors are NOT telling us that might make running this day to day costly from an opex point of view?” • “Why does one solution use a single vCenter yet the other uses two?? the DR solution seems less flexible and more complex to manage, is that fair?” • “My datacenter server rooms are 50 ft apart but i definitely want a DR solution what's wrong with that idea?” © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 52
  • 53. Q & A – Part 3 – We would love to hear… Looking to async distances…. • Is “cold migration” over distance good enough for you, or is it live or nothing? • Would you pay for it? • Would you be willing to be very heterogenous to use it? • What are your thoughts on networking solutions (are you looking at OTV type stuff?) © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 53
  • 54. THANK YOU © Copyright 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 54