1. Being a Savvy Computer User
and Consumer
• Avoid hackers and viruses
• Protect your privacy
• Understand the real privacy and security
risks
• Use the Internet wisely
• Avoid online annoyances
• Maintain your computer
• Make good purchase decisions
• Integrate the latest technology
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
Publishing as Prentice Hall

2. Digital Home
• In a digital home, you can control home
systems from your computer and via the
Internet.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
Publishing as Prentice Hall

3. Digital Home - Components
• Media computer with:
– TV tuner – A network
– Radio tuner – A digital television
– Media software – A digital media
– Blu-ray, DVD, and/or CD adapter
– Network adapter – A universal remote
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
3
Publishing as Prentice Hall

4. Switches Representing Data
• The on/off state of a switch represents one bit
of data.
• Bit (binary digit) ON
OFF
– On = 1 0
1
– Off = 0
OR = 1 bit
1 0
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

5. Bits and Bytes:
The Language of Computers
• Bit
– Binary digit
– 0 or 1
• Byte
– 8 bits
• Each letter, number, and character = a
string of eight 0s and 1s
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
5
Publishing as Prentice Hall

6. Representing Letters
and Symbols
• American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)
– 8 bits = 1 byte = alphanumeric character or
symbol
– 256 different combinations
• Unicode
– 16 bits equal 1 byte
– 96,000 different combinations; used for all
languages
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

7. How Much Is a Byte?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

8. Mice
• Optical mouse
– Needs no mouse pad
– Doesn’t need cleaning
– Is more expensive
• Trackball
– Easier on wrists
– Stays stationary on desk
• Wireless
– Uses radio or light waves
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
9
Publishing as Prentice Hall

9. New Mouse Features
• Instant viewer
• Magnifier
• Customizable
buttons
• Web search
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
10
Publishing as Prentice Hall

10. Monitor Types
• CRT (Cathode-Ray • LCD (Liquid Crystal
Tube) Display)
– Less expensive – More expensive
– Uses much more space – Uses far less space
– Uses more energy
– More energy efficient
– Offers better viewing angles
– Less viewable from an angle
– Legacy technology
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
11
Publishing as Prentice Hall

11. The Front Panel
• Power control
• Drive bays
• Memory card
reader
• Productivity ports
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

12. Power Controls
• Power-on button: Turns on system,
should not be used to turn it off
• Other options:
– Sleep mode
– Hibernation
– Warm boot
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

13. Inputting Sound
• Microphones are
used for:
– Podcasts
– Video-
conferencing
– Internet phone
calls
– Speech
recognition
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
14
Publishing as Prentice Hall

14. Other Input Devices
• EPOS Digital Pen
• Webcam
– Live video
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
15
Publishing as Prentice Hall

15. Input Devices for the
Physically Challenged
• Visual impairments
– Voice recognition
– Keyboards with large keys
– On-screen keyboards
• Motor control issues
– Special trackballs
– Head-mounted devices
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
16
Publishing as Prentice Hall

16. Storage Media Capabilities
17
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

17. On the Back
• Ports for peripherals
• Types of ports:
– Serial and parallel
– Audio and video
– USB
– FireWire
– Connectivity
• Ethernet
• Modem
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
18
Publishing as Prentice Hall

18. Inside the System Unit
• Essential electronic
components used to
process data
• Types of
components:
– Power supply
– Hard disk drive
– Motherboard
– CPU
– Expansion cards
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

19. The Motherboard
• CPU
• RAM
• Expansion
cards and
slots
• Built-in
components
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
20
Publishing as Prentice Hall

20. Memory Module
• Random access memory (RAM)
• Stores instructions and data
• Temporary (volatile) storage
• Operates in nanoseconds
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
21
Publishing as Prentice Hall

21. Setting It All Up: Ergonomics
• Ergonomics: minimizing injury or
discomfort while using the computer
• Steps to follow:
– Position monitor correctly.
– Use adjustable chair.
– Assume proper position while typing.
– Take breaks.
– Ensure adequate lighting.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
22
Publishing as Prentice Hall

22. Ergonomics and Mobile Devices
Mobile devices present ergonomic challenges
Ergonomic “Disease” Cause
Blackberry thumb Thumb typing without breaks or stretching can cause
DeQuervains’ tendinitis in the thumbs.
iPod deafness Listening through ear buds for prolonged periods at a
volume of 80 decibels or more can cause deafness.
Cellular blindness Extended viewing on tiny screens can cause eye
strain and/or dry eyes.
Laptop thighs Resting a laptop directly on your lap for extended
periods of time can result in 1st and 2nd degree burns.
Laptop shoulder Large, heavy, one-strap laptop bags can result in
neck, shoulder, and back pain and/or strain.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
23
Publishing as Prentice Hall

23. Internet Communications
• Instant messaging
• Podcasts
• Blogs and vlogs
• Webcasts
• Wikis
• Voice over Internet (VoIP)
• E-mail
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

24. Social Networks
• Social networks: online personal networks
– MySpace.com and Facebook.com
• Members share common interests.
• Members communicate by voice, chat, IM,
video, and blogs.
• Members create personalized profiles.
• Growth has been explosive.
• Risks must be recognized and reduced.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
25
Publishing as Prentice Hall

25. Group Communication
• Internet social networks
• Multiplayer online game services
• Chat rooms
• Newsgroups
• Listservs
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

26. URLs
• URL:
– Uniform Resource Locator
– Unique Web site address
URL
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
27
Publishing as Prentice Hall

27. Application Software
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
28
Publishing as Prentice Hall

28. Buying Software
• Software may be purchased
– Through retail stores
– Online
– At computer shows
– Through catalogs
• Preinstalled software
• Web-based application software
– Hosted on a Web site
– Requires no installation on your computer
• Discounted software
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

29. Freeware and Shareware
• Freeware: Copyrighted software you can get free
• Beta versions: Programs still under development
• Shareware: Software that allows users to run it for a
limited time free of charge
• Open source:
free to use
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

30. Wired Ethernet Networks
• Ethernet network
adapters are used to
connect nodes
– NIC card
– PC card
– USB adapter
• Computers are Ethernet
connected to each other
using unshielded twisted Phone
pair cable
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
31
Publishing as Prentice Hall

31. How Computers Are Attacked
• Trojan horse
• Backdoor program
– Zombies
• Denial of service
attacks (DoS)
• Distributed denial
of service attacks
(DDoS)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
32

32. The CPU Machine Cycle
• Fetch
– The program’s binary code is “fetched” from its temporary
location in RAM and moved to the CPU.
• Decode
– The program’s binary code is decoded into commands that
the CPU understands.
• Execute
“Inside the Chip” by
– The ALU performs the calculations. Intel
• Store Video Clip
– The results are stored in the registers.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

33. Making Computers Faster
• Pipelining: The CPU processes more than one
instruction at a time
Nonpipelined CPU
Instruction 1
Fetch Decode Execute Store Instruction 2
Fetch Decode Execute Store
Pipelined CPU
Instruction 1 Fetch Decode Execute Store
Instruction 2 Fetch Decode Execute Store
Instruction 3 Fetch Decode Execute Store
Instruction 4 Fetch Decode Execute Store
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

34. Cache Memory
• Small amount of memory
located on or near the
CPU chip
• Stores recent or
frequently used
instructions and data
• Used for quick access by
the CPU
• Different levels of cache
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

35. Client/Server Networks
• Server-based network
– Clients and servers
• Data flows efficiently
• Servers respond to
requests from clients
• Servers perform specific
tasks
• Scalable
• Centralized
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 36
Prentice Hall

36. Classifications of
Client/Server Networks
• LAN
– Local area
network
– Computers
linked over a
small
geographic
region
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 37
Prentice Hall

37. Classifications of
Client/Server Networks
• WAN
– Wide area
network
– Computers linked
over large
geographic
locations
• MAN
– Metropolitan area
network
– Computers linked
within a city or
county
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 38
Prentice Hall

38. Classifications of
Client/Server Networks
• PAN
– Personal area network
– Wireless devices connected in close proximity to
each other
• Intranet
– Private corporate network
– Protected by a firewall
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 39
Prentice Hall

39. Classifications of
Client/Server Networks
• Extranets
– Only certain corporations or individuals can access
– Useful for enabling electronic data interchange
– Use virtual private networks for security
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 40
Prentice Hall

40. Avoiding Data Collisions
on an Ethernet Network
Copyright © 2010 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as 41
Prentice Hall