This document discusses media effects and how they occur constantly. It covers several key topics: 1) Media effects are influenced by many baseline factors including developmental maturity, cognitive abilities, knowledge structures, sociological factors, lifestyle, and media exposure habits. 2) Fluctuation factors that also influence media effects include the content of media messages, the context of portrayals, and the cognitive complexity of content. 3) While media effects are always occurring, individuals have some ability to control the media effects process through media literacy and understanding the many factors that influence their own media effects.