Petrolengines

1. PETROL ENGINES

2. PETROL ENGINES Most engines use a fuel as their energy store.The fuel is burnt to produce heat energy,which is then converted into movement What is an engine? It is a device for converting stored energy into useful work or movement.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES Engines can be classified according to the fuel they use PETROL ENGINES DIESEL ENGINES

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES (Contd..) Engines can also be classified according to whether the fuel is burnt inside or outside the engine INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES EXTERNALENGINES (Steam Engine)

9. TYPES OF PETROL ENGINES 7.Number of strokes used. 1.Number of cylinders 2.Cylinder arrangements The Petrol engines may be classified according to 3.Valve arrangements 4.Speed of the engines 5.Cooling system 6.Lubrication system used

10. HORIZONTAL ENGINE

11. VERTICAL CYLINDER FOUR STROKE ENGINE

12. VERTICAL CYLINDER TWO STROKE ENGINE

13. TWIN CYLINER ENGINE

14. V TYPE STIRLING ENGINES

15. SIX CYLINDER ENGINE

16. ROTARY ENGINE

17. WANKEL ENGINE/ROTARY ENGINE

18. FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE

19. Horizontally opposed engine

20. RADIAL ENGINE

21. INLET PORT EXHAUST PORT TRANSFER PORT CYLINDER SPARK PLUG

22. TWO STROKE ENGINES In this type of engines the cycle is completed in two strokes.When the piston moves from B.D.C to T.D.C, the air and fuel mixture is taken inside the crank case. T D C position B D C position

23. T D C B D C Stroke is the distance of the piston travels from BDC to TDC STROKE This measurements are used to figure the piston displacement stroke

24. When the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C the inlet port is closed, the mixture is compressed and transferred the into the cylinder through transfer port. Inlet port exhaust port piston Transfer port

27. When the piston is moving upward ,the mixture is compressed. At the same time,air and fuel mixture is coming into the crankcase. Inlet port exhaust port Transfer port NO FUEL MIXTURE AVAILABLE

28. Compressed mixture When the piston is moving upward ,the mixture is compressed. At the same time,air and fuel mixture is coming into the crankcase. Inlet port exhaust port Transfer port

29. At the end of the compression stroke, a spark is given by a spark plug.The fuel mixture expands rapidly.A high power is produced. This power forces the piston downwards.So the piston moves from T.D.C to B.D.C Burning the fuel mixture Inlet port exhaust port Transfer port

30. When the piston comes down, the exhaust port opens and exhaust gases are going out.At the same time,the transfer port also opens and the fresh mixture comes inside the cylinder Thus the four strokes are completed in two strokes of the engine Inlet port exhaust port Transfer port

31. When the piston comes down, the exhaust port opens and exhaust gases are going out.At the same time,the transfer port also opens and the fresh mixture comes inside the cylinder Thus the four strokes are completed in two strokes of the engine Inlet port exhaust port Transfer port exhaust port Transfer port

37. ADVANTAGES OF TWO STROKE ENGINES 1.Simple in construction 2.Easy to manufacture 3.Low cost 4.Simple lubrication system 5.Uniform power production (one power stroke for every revolution of the crank shaft) 6.There is no separate valve operating mechanism 7.More power is produced

38. DISADVANTAGES OF TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINES 1.It consumes more lubrication oil 2.Wear and tear more 3 Not suitable for heavy duty engines 4.More wastage (unburnt fuel may escape through port) 5.The dead gases can not be removed completely

39. FOUR STROKE ENGINES FIRST STROKE –SUCTION STROKE While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder. Fig.

40. Fig. IN LET VALVE OPEN POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION FOUR STROKE ENGINES FIRST STROKE –SUCTION STROKE While the inlet valve is open ,the descending piston draws fresh petrol and air mixture into the cylinder.

44. SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug. Fig. IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION

45. Fig. IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE CLOSE POSITION SECOND STROKE-COMPRESSION STROKE While the valves are closed,the rising piston compresses the mixture to a pressure about 7-8atm; the mixture is then ignited by the spark plug.

48. THIRD STROKE-POWER STROKE While the valves are closed the pressure of the burned gases of the combustion forces push the piston downwards. Fig. IN LET VALVE CLOSE POSITION EXHAUST VALVE OPEN POSITION

49. FOURTH STROKE-EXHAUST STROKE The exhaust valve is open and the rising piston discharges the spent gases from the cylinder. Fig.

50. SUCTION STROKE

51. COMPRESSION STROKE

52. POWER STROKE

53. EXHAUST STROKE

55. 1.Less fuel consumption 2.Thermal efficiency is more ADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE ENGINES 3.More volumetric efficiency 4.Less wear and tear.

56. DISADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE ENGINES 4.More complicated design. 1.More components 2.Separate valve operating mechanism is required. 3.More cost

57. PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN TWIN CYLINDER ENGINE CRANK SHAFTCONNECTING ROD

58. PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE

59. PISTON ARRANGEMENT IN FIVE CYLINDER ENGINE

60. PISTON PISTON RINGS PISTON PIN BOSS PISTON SKIRT PISTON TOP RING GROOVES FIRE RING

61. CYLINDER,PISTON, SPARK PLUG AND VALVES ARRANGEMENT

Petrolengines

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