1. Prince Rupert
Kitimat
Legend
LNG plant locations
proposed pipeline
existing pipeline
LNG Liquefaction Terminals
LNG Canada 37.5mtpa
Prince Rupert LNG 31.5mtpa
Pacific Northwest LNG 18.0mtpa
Kitimat LNG 5.6mtpa
AltaGas LNG 2.7mtpa
Douglas Channel LNG 1.4mtpa
96.7mtpa
Proposed Pipelines
Coastal GasLink Pipeline 700 km
BG Group Spectra Energy Pipeline 850 km
Prince Rupert Gas Transmission Project 750 km
Pacific Trail Pipeline 463 km
2,763 km
Estimated LNG Terminal Construction costs
@ $1,000 - $2,000/tpa $96.7B $193.4B
Estimated Resource Development costs
@ $400 - $1,000/tpa $38.7B $96.7B
Estimated Pipeline costs
@ $6M -$10M / km $16.6B $27.6B
$151.9B $317.7B
LNG Industry update October 7, 2013
Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA
jzandberg@pifinancial.com 604.718.7541
Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
swang@pifinancial.com 604.664.2789
Source: Unit Economics, PI Financial Corp., various news releases
Source: Cepa.com
A Disclosure fact sheet is available on Page 18 of this
report.
LNG Could Ignite BC Investment Boom
Billions of dollars could potentially flow into Western Canada in a``
bid to become a global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) exporter. Based
on the current project proposals and estimated costs to build the required
infrastructure and develop the natural gas resources we estimate current
projects represent $150B to over $300B in development costs.
Petronas has announced it will commit $36B to its LNG inititative in``
Western Canada. This investment is the largest foreign direct investment
in Canada by any single country. The investment includes the acquisition
of Progress Energy ($5.2B), an LNG liquefaction terminal in Prince
Rupert, a new gas pipeline across BC and for resource development in
Western Canada. Petronas is one of 9 proposals to build LNG terminals
along with three other pipeline projects. This interest is backed by several
multinational companies including Shell, Chevron, PetroChina, BG Group,
Exxon among others.
Western Canada is well positioned to capitalize with several``
advantages over other LNG exporting regions. BC has lower shipping
costs to Asia compared to Qatar and the US gulf and is marginally cheaper
than Australia. The cooler climate in Northern BC allows LNG liquefaction
plants to save on energy cost, and most importantly, BC and Alberta
have one of the world’s largest natural gas reserves.
Strong Demand for LNG in Asia`` . China’s LNG imports since 2006
have grown more than 15 fold and the Japanese, who have been strong
historical importers of LNG, have ramped up demand for this fuel. Last
year China and Japan posted 9.9% and 10.3% increases in LNG imports,
respectively and the Asian LNG markets could face unprecedented
tightness in 2014 as incremental LNG demand is expected to exceed
new supply.
Worldwide shortage of LNG expected in near future`` . Currently, LNG
from Qatar and Australia are feeding worldwide demand but both of these
regions are expected to see a decline in production over the next 10 years
which opens the door for LNG exports from the US and Canada.
Current LNG prices support significant investment in infrastructure.``
LNG prices in Asia are significantly higher ($15-$16MMBtu) than North
American prices ($3.50 - $3.75MMBtu) which provides an economic
carrot for the potentially billions in infrastructure investment. We believe
a minimum of $12MMBtu over a 20 year period is needed to justify the
large infrastructure bill.
We have identified three large infrastructure themes`` – LNG
liquefaction terminal construction, pipeline construction and
resource infrastructure development, and have complied a portfolio
of 16 companies that are expected to benefit from the potentially
large investment in infrastructure. In particular, we highlight ENTREC
(V-ENT), Macro Enterprises (V-MCR) and PetroWest (T-PRW)
as we believe there is a strong investment case for these companies.
Estimated Expenditures

2. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
2 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
Introduction
Asia is hungry for energy and North America is spoiled in large resources especially natural gas that
to date has been land-locked and unable to seek the highest bidder for its use. That may change, as
bold plans for North American LNG liquefaction plants in both the US and Canada are beginning to
emerge which would allow natural gas to be cooled, compressed to 1/600th its size and loaded on
ocean vessels destined for ports in Japan, Korea, China and other Asian markets. These proposed
plants would cost billions of dollars in investment but the international price for LNG may be worth
the expense. Western Canada which has an estimated 371 Tcf in conventional and unconvential
natural gas reserves (source: National Energy Board) hopes that new foreign markets will generate
significant profits for everyone involved. We feel the near term opportunity will be in the companies
that build the infrastructure needed to get the gas to overseas markets.
The global LNG market has been experiencing a significant shift over the last five years. The decline
in LNG shipments to financially challenged European marketplace (EU demand dropped 2.3% last
year) has been replaced by rapid growth in Asia. China’s LNG imports since 2006 has grown more
than 15 fold and the Japanese, who have been strong historical importers of LNG, have ramped up
demand for this fuel following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. Last year China and Japan
posted 9.9% and 10.3% increases in LNG imports, respectively and the Asian LNG markets could
face unprecedented tightness in 2014 as incremental LNG demand is expected to exceed new
supply (source: IEA).
This growing demand is not limited to Japan and China – the number of countries importing LNG,
which is currently less than 30, is expected to grow. Countries such as Bahrain, Croatia, El Salvador,
Jamaica, Lithuania, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, and Uruguay are buying LNG to power their
industries. Even Indonesia, once the largest LNG exporter in the world, is thinking about importing
natural gas to meet growing domestic demand (source: Fool.com).
Western Canada is well positioned to capitalize as it has several advantages over other LNG exporting
regions. First, the relatively close proximity of BC to Asia allows lower shipping costs relative to Qatar
and the US gulf sources and is marginally cheaper than Australian sources. Second, the cooler climate
in Northern BC allows LNG liquefaction plants to save on energy costs (more on that later). Lastly,
BC and Alberta have large natural gas reserves.
The main disadvantage this region has is the current lack of infrastructure – the resource located
hundreds of kilometers away from the nearest ports so massive pipelines will need to be built.
Additionally, there are currently no LNG plants to process and cool the natural gas and load it on
LNG tankers. The BC government has proactively promoted the development of LNG exports in the
province and has tried to encourage investment in an effort to create jobs and increase provincial
tax revenue. Although there are still several unknown factors (tax regime, environmental issues,
long-term sales agreements, etc.) there is no shortage of interest from industry participants as nine
groups have expressed interest in building LNG capacity in BC. Many of these groups have indentified
potential plant locations and pipeline corridors to ship the gas. As of this report, there are no detailed
construction timelines but we believe these details will emerge in coming months and will represent
a significant catalyst for the players involved.
We believe that the there is a strong investment thesis to buy the stocks of companies that will
help build this infrastructure. These include construction companies building the pipelines, pipeline
facilities, LNG plants, export terminals as well as the ancillary investment in public infrastructure,
businesses, offices and residential construction.

3. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 3
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Proposed LNG Projects in BC
Currently there are two general locations for potential LNG liquefaction terminals; Prince Rupert
(including Grassy Point) and Kitimat. Three LNG terminals are proposed for Prince Rupert, three LNG
terminals are proposed for Kitimat and there potential expressions of interest for Grassy Point just
north of Prince Rupert. Figure 1 illustrates the three locations.
Figure 1 – Proposed Locations for LNG Liquefaction Terminals
Source: Globe and Mail
Figure 2 lists the proposed LNG facilities and the chosen pipeline projects that will support each plant.
Grassy Point, just north of Prince Rupert, which has received interest from several potential groups
to build LNG facilities after the BC government agreed to anchor the land.
Figure 2 – Proposed LNG Facilities and Pipelines in BC
Source: Various news releases
LNG Facility Partners Capacity Location Pipeline Pipeline owner
LNG Canada
Royal Dutch Shell, PetroChina,
Mitsubishi, Korea Gas 37.5mtpa Kitimat
Coastal GasLink
Pipeline TransCanada
Prince Rupert LNG BG Group, Spectra Energy 31.5mtpa Prince Rupert
BG Group Spectra
Energy Pipeline Spectra Energy
Pacific Northwest LNG Petronas, Progress Energy 18.0mtpa Prince Rupert
Prince Rupert Gas
Transmission TransCanada
Kitimat LNG Chevron, Apache 5.6mtpa Kitimat
Pacific Trail
Pipeline Chevron, Apache
Unnamed AltaGas, Idemitsu Kosan 2.7mtpa tbd
Pacific Northern
Gas (existing) AltaGas
Douglas Channel LNG
LNG Partners (Texas), Haisla
Nation 1.4mtpa Kitimat
Pacific Northern
Gas (existing) AltaGas
WCC LNG Imperial Oil (Exxon Mobil) tbd Prince Rupert undetermined tbd
Unnamed Woodside Petroleum (Australia) tbd tbd undetermined tbd
Unnamed CNOOC tbd tbd undetermined tbd

4. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
4 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
We estimate that if all the proposed projects are built, this represents an investment of
$151.9B to $317.7B. If we add up all the proposed capacity from Figure 2 we get almost 100mtpa
(actually it is 96.7mtpa). This is a huge number and may not be possible given that this capacity
represents the majority of potential gas production in Western Canada. That being said, if Eastern
natural gas supply floods the North America market then Western Canada may need to ship most
of its gas to other markets. Based on current LNG project costs and data from Boston-based Unit
Economics from around the world we estimate that the cost per mtpa is $1,000 to $2,000 to build
a liquefaction terminal and $400 to $1,000 to develop the resource. For the estimate on the pipeline
costs, we have used $6M to $10M per kilometer but the difficult terrain of Northern BC could push
this figure upward. In aggregate, the total cost if all the proposed projects are built is $151.9B to
$317.7B (see Figure on front page).
LNG Project Status
Douglas Channel LNG is just waiting for final investment decision.`` The most advanced
project is the Douglas Channel LNG proposal. This proposal is a partnership between the Haisla
First Nation and LNG Partners – a private Texas energy fund. The output from this potential facility
is expected to be small – just 0.7 mtpa but it will have a maximum capacity of 1.4 mtpa. In fact,
the facility is small enough that it does not need environmental assessments and will use existing
pipeline capacity to supply the natural gas. This LNG facility already has an export license as well
as a secured buyer for its output.
Kitimat LNG stills needs a buyer for its output.`` This facility, which is backed by Chevron and
Apache, expects to deliver 5.6 mtpa of LNG. The project has environmental approval, an export
license as well as an approval pipeline (463km Pacific Trail Pipeline). There has been no final
decision on the project which may depend on securing a customer. This group wants to have
an oil-indexed pricing contract with its buyer which may be a stumbling block. Traditionally, LNG
contracts have been oil-indexed but recently there has been a desire by importers to break from
that pricing model to a price based on Henry Hub. Chevron has been offering prospective LNG
customers an equity position in the project to entice a large Asian partner.
LNG Canada boosts the largest potential output but still has many hurdles to overcome.``
This Kitimat-based facility is backed by four major multinational companies – Royal Dutch Shell,
Korea Gas, Mitsubishi and PetroChina. The project which expects to generate 37.5 mtpa of LNG
has an export license and should have no problem signing up a buyer as both Korea Gas and
Mitsubishi are among the world’s largest LNG importers. The project lacks an environmental
approval and the proposed pipeline (Shell Coastal GasLink Pipeline) and the required power line
(from Prince George to Terrace) also require an environmental study.
Pacific Northwest LNG is behind the other propsed projects but is moving quickly.`` The
facility is backed by Malaysia-based Petronas which bought out Progress Energy and brought in
Japex as a 10% partner. The Malaysia Prime Minister announced its intent to invest $36B into the
project which represents the largest foreign direct investment into Canada. The liquefaction plant
planned for Prince Rupert is expected to ship 18.0 mtpa and tentatively slated construction to
start in late 2014. The project still needs environmental approval, an export license and a cecrued
buyer so this target ma be ambitious.
The rest of the groups are only at the expression of interest stage although the Imperial Oil / Exxon
interest was followed with an application to export 30mtpa of LNG from BC (source: Globe and Mail)
and the AltaGas group has an existing pipeline and capacity announced.
Current Estimates for spending May be Low. Many proposals have provided an esitmate for
development costs. We believe most of these estimates are too low. The pipeline estimates range
from $1B (Pacific Trail Pipeline) to $8B (BG Group Spectra Energy Pipeline). While we estimate that
the range is more likely to be $2.5B to $9B. Petronas (Pacific Northwest LNG) outlined in May that
it will spend $9B to $11B to build its facility plus $5B for the pipeline. The company also indicated
that “billions more” will be spent on upstream operations. We have made our calculations based

5. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 5
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
on similar LNG projects around the globe. In Australia, the current cost of building LNG facilities are
approximately $2,000 per tpa whereas it was estimated by the Canadian Energy Researh Institute
that BC will be closer to $1,000 per tpa. Based on the current proposals we estimate that even at
the low end of this range the investment on the LNG facilities alone could be $100B. (See Figure 9
on page 9.
Not every project will be built. We do not feel that the market will support all nine groups but rather
we believe that two or three LNG liquefaction terminals are likely to be built along with two or three
pipelines. The demand for LNG appears to be strong but the number of LNG plants in BC is probably
tied to the supply equation – namely the LNG supply coming from the US. The US also has a large
natural gas resource and sees that same opportunity as the groups in BC.
Canada is considered an ideal trading partner in Asia. This country has a stable political system
which may not seem important until the alternatives for LNG are examined. In the Philippines, for
example, Middle Eastern LNG exporters are only willing to sell gas to Muslim-dominated parts of the
7,107-island archipelago (source: Vancouver Sun).
The timeline for shipping LNG will be several years but final investment decisions could
happen by December 2013. The Douglas Channel facility decision could happen with a few months
while the Apache-Chevron Kitimat LNG partnership has advanced to site preparation work. (source:
Vancouver Sun). The future catalysts will also be announcements regarding long-term customer
contracts – to date, only the Douglas Channel project has an announced buyer (Golar LNG). Korea
Gas, Mitsubishi and Japex arel likely buyers since these companies have already invested in two of
the four proposed BC LNG plants.
The Economics of Selling LNG to Asia
The economic carrot for this huge capital investment is the elevated price for natural gas over the
Pacific. The price for natural gas in Japan is over four times the price in North America. This additional
profit potential could provide a sizeable return on investment for BC natural gas industry – assuming
the high prices in Asia continue over the long term. Figure 3 illustrates the current price differential
for both Asia and Europe. North America produces a large amount of natural gas but to date this
production has largely been trapped in the domestic markets which has created downward pressure
on pricing.
Figure 3 – Natural Gas Prices in Various Global Markets
0
5
10
15
20
25
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
$/MMBtu
Source: CNOOC
The price differencial is even worse for Western Canadian gas producers. As much as North
American gas producers complain about low prices relative to international LNG, producers in BC and
Alberta are even worse off. The difference between Henry Hub pricing in the US and AECO pricing
in Alberta has typically been $0.25/MMBtu to $0.50/MMBtu but in 2013 this spread has increased
to as high as $1.50/MMBtu. The spread has increased as US gas has replaced WCSB gas in areas

6. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
6 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
like the Greater Toronto Area and pipeline operators have increased transit costs which has stranded
Western gas into storage and put downward pressure on prices.
We believe a $12MMBtu price is the threshold for capital investment in BC. In order to justify
the resource development costs in Northeast BC / Northwest Alberta (Montney, Horn River, etc.),
the pipeline infrastructure and the LNG liquefaction terminals we believe that a long-term price of
at least $12MMBtu is needed. We feel the economic split among the various players include $4.00
to $5.00MMBtu to cover the LNG liquefaction costs and profit, $3.50 to $4.50MMBtu for the gas
producers, $1.50 to $2.50 to cover the pipeline costs and $1.00 to $1.50 for shipping costs. This
creates an average price of $12MMBtu to cover all participants and create a economic return.
A Closer Look at Asian LNG Demand
The nuclear disaster in Japan after the Tsunami of 2011 has highlighted the downside of nuclear power
and has created a huge opportunity for natural gas to replace this power source. Not only has Japan
been replacing nuclear power generation with natural gas powered plants but so has other Asian
countries like South Korea. Natural gas is not only viewed as a safer alternative which is relatively
clean but also can add additional electricity generation in a relatively short period of time.
Japan is the world’s largest importer of LNG and its demands grow as as 48 of the country’s 50
reactors remain shut awaiting safety checks. Recent leaks at Fukushima have muddied the outlook
for the other shutdown reactors which has kept the demand for alternative fuels, naming LNG, high.
For the twelve months ending in March, Japan imported a record 87 million tonnes of LNG, more
than a third of global supply of 240 million tonnes during 2011. (source: Reuters)
China is also becoming a large importer of natural gas. Since 2006, demand for LNG from China
has grown by a factor of 15x (see Figure 4). China built its first LNG import terminal in 2006 and
today has five such facilities along its east coast. The country is planning to add another 12 import
terminals in the near future to keep up with the demand for natural gas (source: Thomson Reuters).
In 2012, China imported just under 15mmt and current estimates peg China’s import capacity to
grow to 87mmt by 2020 (source: Hydrocarbon Asia)
Figure 4 – China’s Growing LNG Imports
Source: CNOOC
In 2011, Asian countries imported 150mmt of LNG while the rest of the world imported a combined
90mmt (see Figure 5). Total LNG demand from Asian countries is expected to more than double to
310mmt per annum by 2025. Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are currently the biggest importers but
India and China are expected to grow the fastest in coming years. Figure 6 illustrates the growth in
Asian LNG imports which are projected to grow by 5.9% per annum.
0
5
10
15
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Milliontons
China's LNG import

7. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 7
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Figure 5 – Global LNG Trade (2011 by importing country / region)
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy
Figure 6 – Asian LNG Imports (2000 to 2025)
Source: Wood Mackenzie
Currently, LNG from Qatar and Australia are feeding the Asian demand but both of these regions are
expected to plateau in the next few years which opens the door for LNG exports from the US and
Canada. Figure 7 illustrates the expected supply / demand gap if there are no new sources of LNG,
which is expected to grow to 175mmt by 2025. The gap is expected to be filled by new sources of LNG
particularly from the US and Canada. According to NERA Economic Consulting, Canada is expected
to be exporting 22mmt to 29mmt per annum by 2025 while the US could supply over 100mmt.
Middle East
1%
Europe
27%
US/Caribbean
9%
Japan
33%
Korea
15%
Taiwan
5%
India
5%
China
5%
Thailand
0%
Rest of World
90mmt
Asia
150mmt
JKT
India
China
New
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
mtpa
CAGR
2000 -2010
6.2% pa
CAGR
2010-2025
5.9% pa

8. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
8 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
Figure 7 – Global LNG Supply (2000 – 2025)
Source: Mackenzie Group
BC’s Cost Advantages
Canada’s primary cost advantage is its relatively low transportation costs given its proximity to the
Asian markets. The cost to transport LNG to Japan, for example, represents 9% to 25% of the
total cost of the LNG. LNG arriving from Qatar costs more than LNG arriving from Australia giving
Australian LNG producers a cost advantage. Canada cost to transport LNG to Japan is lower than
other major exporters including Australia and is significantly lower than the US Gulf Coast which
must pay additional fees to travel through the Panama Canal. Figure 8 illustrates the cost per Mcf –
ranking BC first among the major export regions.
Figure 8 – Shipping Costs to Tokyo
$1.12
$1.30
$1.97
$2.89
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
Western Canada Australia Qatar US Gulf Coast
Costsin$/Mcf
Source: Unit Economics
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
mtpa

9. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 9
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Energy costs
Not only is energy in BC relatively inexpensive but the total energy required to cool natural gas to
-160C may be less in Northern BC due to a cooler climate relative to other exporting LNG regions like
Australia, Southern US and Qatar. The average temperature in Kitimat and Prince Rupert is around 7C
whereas Louisiana averages 22C. Not only does the cooler climate, especially in the winter months,
naturally cool the natural gas initially but the cooled LNG may have to be stored at -160C for several
days in large storage tanks. It is estimated that BC LNG liquefaction facilities will consume 25% less
electricity (source: Wall Street Journal) to turn natural gas into liquid.
Market Size
We estimate that the potential investment in BC depends on the economics of exporting natural gas.
There appears to be demand for the fuel but the global supply picture is not well understood given
potential supply coming from other countries, like the US, or fuel substitutes like coal, nuclear, oil or
even emerging fuel sources. We believe the most likely LNG facilities to be build are the Douglas
Channel LNG (1.4mtpa), Kitimat LNG (5.6mtpa), LNG Canada (47.5mtpa) and the Pacific Northwest
LNG (18.0mtpa). These projects require three pipelines (Pacific Trails, Coastal GasLink and Prince
Rupert Gas Transmission pipelines). With just these four LNG plants we calculate $98.9B to $206.6B in
total investment based our construction costs estimates (see figure 9). This includes $1,000 to $2,000
per tpa for LNG facility construction, $400 to $1,000 per tpa on resource development and $6M to
$10M per kilometer for pipeline construction costs. These figures do not include the economic spin-
off via ancillary investment in public infrastructure, businesses, offices and residential construction.
Figure 9 – Base Scenario: LNG Assets that are most likely to be built
Source: Unit Economics, PI Financial Corp., various news releases
The BC government estimates that the LNG industry will create $1T in cumulative economic investment
over the next 30 years. This estimate may be at the high end of the spectrum but the potential is
significant. The BC Liberals have set a goal of having three facilities in operation by 2020 (source:
BC Jobs Plan)
Catalysts andThreats to the BC LNG Market
We feel that an announcement regarding a commitment from a large LNG buyer for one of the proposed
projects would serve as a strong catalyst for real investment in both terminals and pipelines as well as
increasing investment appetite for stocks that will service this sector’s massive build out. Below we
have listed what we feel is the most important events and milestones for investors to be aware of:
Tax regime for LNG projects in BC
The BC government has been aggressively pursuing an LNG industry but still hasn’t disclosed its tax
regime for this new market. The government is expected to release its tax plan by the end of this
year. We feel there is room for a small tax which would allow the industry to still remain profitable
but excessive taxation will likely kill projects. We expect to see tax incentives to build infrastructure
which would delay a large tax bill in the future.
LNG Liquefaction Terminals
LNG Canada 37.5mtpa
Prince Rupert LNG Estimated LNG Terminal construction costs
Pacific Northwest LNG 18.0mtpa @ $1,000 - $2,000/tpa $62.5B $125.0B
Kitimat LNG 5.6mtpa
AltaGas LNG Estimated Resource
Douglas Channel LNG 1.4mtpa @ $400 - $1,000/tpa $25.0B $62.5B
62.5mtpa
Estimated Pipeline costs
Proposed Pipelines @ $6M -$10M / km $11.5B $19.1B
Coastal GasLink Pipeline 700 km
BG Group Spectra Energy Pipeline $98.9B $206.6B
Prince Rupert Gas Transmission Project 750 km
Pacific Trail Pipeline 463 km
1,913 km

10. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
10 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
Energy landscape
Another unknown is the energy landscape for Northern BC. Freezing natural gas to -160C will be
energy intensive and these LNG plants will need to consume significant amount of energy. The obvious
answer is to use natural gas which will be in abundant supply but using this fuel could cripple BC’s
efforts to reduce its carbon emissions. BC Hydro has a large hydro project which could power these
facilities while not impacting the carbon footprint but this project is not without controversy.
Final Investment Decision for LNG Proposal
To date, there have been many proposals for LNG facilities along the BC Coast but none of these
proposals have announced firm investment decisions. Part of the delay is commitments from
customers to guarantee a long-term LNG contract. Several of the proposals have investors who are
likely to be customers (Mitsubishi and Korea Gas are two good examples) but there still has not been
any long-term commitments made. A final investment decision could create a domino effect leading to
further investments in pipelines, energy infrastructure and accelerated natural gas development.
Environmental approval for one or both of the two largest LNG proposals.
An environmental approval for any of the big three LNG projects (LNG Canada, Prince Rupert LNG
(BG Group) or Pacific Northwest LNG) would also serve as a catalyst for further investment interest.
So far, Kitimat LNG (Chevron, Apache) is the only facility to get environmental approval (its pipeline
has also received approval). Douglas LNG, the smallest LNG proposal, does not need environmental
approval as it is not deemed large enough to warrant the review.
US decision on LNG exports.
The US has only granted licenses for export LNG to countries that do not have a free-trade agreement
with the US. The US government views the low priced natural gas environment in North America
as a cost advantage over its trading partners and if it were to export mass amounts of LNG it
would only service to reduce international prices (and thus provide other countries a similar energy
advantage) while increasing the prices within North America (and conversely eroding its current
cost advantage).
To date, three LNG terminal projects have received conditional approvals from the US Department of
Energy – Freeport LNG terminal in Texas, Lake Charles and the Sabine Pass LNG terminal in Louisiana.
These terminals would have the capacity to deliver 5.4B cubic feet of gas per day. It is expected that
the US could eventually export between 6.5B to 8.5B cubic feet per day by 2020. We believe that
any diversion from this range will have either a positive (lower than 6.5B) or negative (higher than
8.5B) effect on the BC LNG outlook. It is expected that of the 16 proposed LNG projects in the US
only 6 will become a reality (source: Vancouver Sun)
Continued use of oil-indexed LNG contracts
The high price of LNG paid by international buyers has been, in large part, due to the nature of the
pricing mechanism in long-term supply contracts. These contracts are indexed to the price of oil
meaning that when crude oil prices increased over $100 per barrel, the price of LNG followed. In
North America the two commodities have gone in very different directions. Many international buyers
(Japan especially) want to break from oil related pricing and instead base contracts on natural gas
priced at Henry Hub which is considerably lower. If this were to happen, the price of LNG would
drop making the investment in BC LNG plants less profitable.
Japan Continues Nuclear Retirements.
After the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, the country shut down all 50 nuclear plants
that provided Japan with power. Two of those plants were restarted last July and it is expected that
another 12 plants will resume operation later this year (source: Wall Street Journal). Power from
natural gas plants replaced most of this lost power and resulted in a significant increase in LNG
prices for the region. This pricing pressure may decline slightly as more nuclear reactors are started
up but it is not expected that all 50 will resume operations. The situation in Japan has a significant
bearing on the BC LNG market as the more demand from Japan the bigger the investment in BC
LNG infrastructure will be.
Asian demand continues to grow
Coal use continues to diminish. China is expected to be the main driver for future LNG demand. It
is anticipated that Chinese imports of LNG will double between now and 2018 to 295B cmpa and

11. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 11
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
represent one-third of the global growth over this period (source: Oilprice.com). But China produces
gas domestically as well and any factors that increase that production or, alternatively, reduce demand
will have a material impact on global suppliers like BC. The demand equation depends on China’s
attitude toward burning coal for power – China’s coal market alone is seven times the scale of the
world LNG market (source: Lexology.com)
Alternative fuels remain expensive
The long-term vision for the use of natural gas looks strong now but if any alternative fuel that could
be delivered on a large scale at an economic price the demand for natural gas / LNG could decline.
Japan has been investing millions of dollars to try to recover methane from underwater sources
called methane hydrate. The amount of this underwater energy source is enormous but the cost to
recover the deposits has been cost prohibitive. Canada abandoned research after years of trying to
extract methane hydrate in the Mackenzie River Delta so the eventual success of this process is not
certain.
What stocks stand to benefit from the significant investment in
BC’s LNG industry?
We have provided a large range of potential investment to develop an LNG market in Western Canada
but even the low end of our range presents a large opportunity for those companies that will build
the infrastructure. We have identified three large infrastructure themes – LNG liquefaction terminal
construction, pipeline construction and resource development.
LNG LiquefactionTerminal Construction
We believe that the majority of the infrastructure spending will be the building of the export terminals
in Kitimat and Prince Rupert – we estimate 60% - 65% of the overall investment. Our expectations
on a base case of just three LNG facilities would be around $45B which in itself would provide a
significant opportunity for infrastructure stocks that operate in this arena. Figure 10 illustrates the
stocks that we feel will benefit from the investment in these large facilities but we believe the stock
which will be impacted the greatest is ENTREC Corp (T-ENT).
ENTREC Corp. (V-ENT) $1.38
ENTREC specializes in the lifting, transportation, loading, off-loading and setting of``
overweight and oversized cargo for large industrial projects. This cargo is transported
across large distances or within a work site for customers in the oil and gas, construction,
petrochemical, mining and power generation industries. The Company operates in BC, Alberta
and North Dakota.
ENTREC is a market leader in the heavy haul conventional and platform transportation``
markets in Western Canada with 15% and 35% market share respectively. The Company is
an emerging player in the mobile crane market, with 5% market shares in the picker / boom truck
market, all-terrain and rough terrain crane markets. All of ENTREC’s markets are fragmented and
may offer significant acquisition potential.
Major industrial projects, like BC’s LNG development or Alberta’s oil sands projects, are``
driving demand for ENTREC’s services. In Northern Alberta alone, there are planned capital
investment of $225B by 2021 with a projected annual maintenance spend of $40B. Our base case
for LNG liquefaction terminal investment is $45B while the upper end is close to $200B.
We feel ENTREC’s acquisitions of Raincoast Cranes and GT Cranes provides a regional``
leadership position in BC. Raincoast is the only crane service company in the Kitimat area and
since acquiring the company, ENTREC has invested heavily in its crane fleet. GT Crane, another
acquisition in Northern BC, is the market leader for mobile crane services within the gas producing
regions near Dawson Creek.

12. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
12 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
ENTREC released strong Q2 FY13 results.`` Revenue was up 72% to $49.3M, EBITDA was
up 58% to $12.7M and EPS (fd) was $0.04 compared to $0.04 last year. Of the 72% growth in
revenue 61% was from acquisitions while 11% was organic. The larger fleet of equipment has
helped generate larger opportunities. Since Q2 FY12, ENTREC has added 53% more multi-wheel
trailers, 53% more cranes and 71% more tractors.
We are forecasting revenue of $244.9M, EBITDA of $63.0M and net income of 28.6M or``
$0.25 per share for FY13. Our FY14 forecasts project revenue of $306.6M, EBITDA of $81.9M
and net income of $39.8M or $0.33 per share.
We recommend ENTREC Corporation (V-ENT) with a BUY rating (risk: ABOVE AVERAGE)``
and a 12-month target price of $2.75. Based on FY13 EV/EBITDA and P/E multiples, ENTREC
is trading at 3.9x and 5.4x respectively, which are significantly below peer averages.
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Stantec T-STN $53.04 2,434 2,688 2.94 3.33 252.9 279.9 15.9x 9.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Aecon Group Inc. T-ARE $13.95 774 1,277 0.84 1.36 183.1 225.3 10.2x 5.7x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Bird Construction T-BDT $12.50 536 463 0.54 0.98 49.6 76.2 12.8x 6.1x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
The Churchill Corporation T-CUQ $8.91 212 333 0.27 0.61 43.2 55.6 14.6x 6.0x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
ENTREC Corp. V-ENT $1.37 160 252 0.22 0.27 62.6 80.0 5.1x 3.1x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Stantec Inc. provides professional consulting services in planning, engineering, architecture, interior design, landscape architecture, surveying,
environmental sciences, project management, and project economics for infrastructure and facilities projects in the North America and
internationally. Stantec Inc. was founded in 1954 and is headquartered in Edmonton, Canada.
Providing the coordination, management and engineering analyst for the geotechnical aspects of the Kitimate LNG Export Facility
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Aecon Group Inc. and its subsidiaries provide construction and infrastructure development services to private and public sectors in Canada and
internationally. Aecon Group has four groups of companies and subsidiaries: Aecon Infrastructure, Aecon Concessions, Aecon Energy, and Aecon
Mining. The company was founded in 1877 and is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.
Significant exposure to construction and infrastructure development in Western Canada including oilsands, mine sites, etc.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Bird Construction Inc. operates as a general contractor primarily in Canada. The company focuses on various projects primarily in the industrial,
mining, commercial, and institutional sectors of the general contracting industry. Bird Construction Inc. was founded in 1920 and is based in
Mississauga, Canada.
Potential to provide construction services to general build out of LNG facilities, ancillary development
Provides hauling and lifting services for major infrastructure projects - has office / presence in Kitimat
ENTREC Corp. provides the lifting, road transportation, loading, off-loading, and setting of overweight and oversized cargo for the oil and natural gas
industries in Canada and internationally. As of March 31, 2013, it operated a fleet of 600 multiwheeled trailers, 375 hydraulic platform lines, and 160
tractors, as well as 170 cranes. ENTREC Corporation was founded in 1995 and is headquartered in Spruce Grove, Canada.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
EPS ($)
The Churchill Corporation, through its subsidiaries, provides building construction, commercial and industrial electrical contracting, earthmoving, and
industrial insulation services to various public and private sector clients primarily in western Canada. The Churchill Corporation was founded in 1981
and is headquartered in Calgary, Canada.
Geographically focused on construction and industrial services in Western Canada
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Figure 10 – Companies Which Could Benefit from LNG Liquefaction Terminal Spending

13. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 13
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Pipeline Construction
The larger liquefaction terminals will require a pipeline to feed natural gas to the plant in large quantities.
This process will feed revenue to many companies and no single entity will have the lion share of this
business. We believe that Macro Enterprises has the biggest upside based on the potential impact of
large pipeline construction contracts relative to its size (Macro reported revenue of $148M in FY12
whereas a large pipeline construction contract could represent $500M to $750M. We feel that Macro
has a good probability of being award a portion of any large pipeline project given their strong track
record as well as their expertise in mountainous terrain.
Macro Enterprises (V-MCR) $6.07
Macro Enterprises specializes in the construction and integrity of pipelines and oil & gas``
facilities. Based in Fort St. John, BC, the Company provides its services throughout Western
Canada from Manitoba to BC.
Macro’s financial results have been very strong over the past four years and have``
accelerated over the last 18 months. Revenue has grown at close to 20% CAGR over the last
four years, from $48M in 2009 to $148M in 2012, substantially through organic efforts.
BC’s LNG development could result in several multi-million contracts for pipeline and``
facilities construction business for Macro once final investment decisions are announced.
Pipelines connecting Western Canada’s gas producing regions to Asia will encourage further
development of natural gas resources which includes associated well-site water lines, natural gas
flowlines and processing facilities.
Macro Enterprises released very strong Q2 FY13 results.`` Revenue was up 34% to $37.3M,
EBITDA was up 100% to $9.8M and EPS (fd) was $0.18 compared to $0.07 last year. Gross
margins increased by 930 bps to 31.7% year over year due to a change in sales mix. There has
only been one quarter where gross margins were higher than the 31.7% level reported this quarter
– Q3 FY12 had gross margins of 31.8%.
The Churchill Corporation T-CUQ $8.91 212 333 0.27 0.61 43.2 55.6 14.6x 6.0x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
ENTREC Corp. V-ENT $1.37 160 252 0.22 0.27 62.6 80.0 5.1x 3.1x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Armtec Infrastructure T-ARF $2.34 56 389 0.01 0.42 42.9 54.9 5.6x 7.1x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Highbank Resources V-HBK $0.07 4.8 4.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Description
Opportunity
Armtec Infrastructure Inc. manufactures and markets infrastructure products and engineered construction solutions to national and regional public
infrastructure and private sector markets in agricultural drainage, commercial building, residential construction, and natural resources in Canada and
internationally. Armtec Infrastructure Inc. was founded in 1908 and is headquartered in Guelph, Canada.
Their Precast solutions are well suited for LNG liquefaction terminals
Provides hauling and lifting services for major infrastructure projects - has office / presence in Kitimat
ENTREC Corp. provides the lifting, road transportation, loading, off-loading, and setting of overweight and oversized cargo for the oil and natural gas
industries in Canada and internationally. As of March 31, 2013, it operated a fleet of 600 multiwheeled trailers, 375 hydraulic platform lines, and 160
tractors, as well as 170 cranes. ENTREC Corporation was founded in 1995 and is headquartered in Spruce Grove, Canada.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
The Churchill Corporation, through its subsidiaries, provides building construction, commercial and industrial electrical contracting, earthmoving, and
industrial insulation services to various public and private sector clients primarily in western Canada. The Churchill Corporation was founded in 1981
and is headquartered in Calgary, Canada.
Geographically focused on construction and industrial services in Western Canada
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
The construction of LNG plants will require construction aggregates which Highbank can provide from aggregate project in Northern BC.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Highbank Resources Ltd. engages in the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral properties. The company has a 100% working
ownership interest in the Swamp Point gravel deposit located in British Columbia, Canada. It also explores for copper and molybdenum deposits.
Highbank Resources Ltd. is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.
Source: PI Financial, Capital IQ

14. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
14 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
We expect revenue to grow 37% in FY13 and 23% in FY14.`` A significant growth constraint for
this market is access to equipment and labour but Macro is in an enviable position with respect
to both of these variables. We are forecasting EBITDA of $48.8M and $56.7M in FY13 and FY14
respectively while our EPS forecasts are $0.89 and $1.01, respectively.
We recommend Macro Enterprises (V-MCR) with a BUY rating (risk: ABOVE AVERAGE)``
and a 12-month target price of $8.50. Our target represents 4.6x EV/EBITDA and 8.4x P/E
ratios based on our FY14 forecasts.
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Finning T-FTT $23.80 4,125 5,867 1.95 2.19 735.1 794.3 10.8x 7.4x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
ShawCor T-SCL $43.67 2,615 2,910 4.09 3.61 435.4 366.8 12.1x 7.9x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Enerflex T-EFX $13.46 1,052 1,069 0.97 1.14 148.6 166.2 11.9x 6.4x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price (US$M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
North American Energy Partners N-NOA US$5.31 194 490 (0.51) 0.33 37.7 57.3 16.1x 8.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Macro Enterprises V-MCR $6.00 179 189 0.76 0.94 43.5 52.0 6.4x 3.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Enterprise T-E $0.78 63 80 0.10 0.14 13.1 22.9 5.6x 3.5x
Description
Finning International Inc. provides sales, rental, parts and support services for Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar) equipment and engines and equipment on
three continents. Its operating units include Canadian operations, South American operations, the United Kingdom and Ireland operations, and
Other. The company was founded in 1933 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.
Caterpillar equipment will likely be used in earthmoving site preparation as well as for pipelaying applications (sidebooms).
Trading multiples ('14)
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
ShawCor Ltd. is a global energy services company that operates through eight divisions which focus on products and services for the pipeline and
pipe services market and the petrochemical and industrial market. The company has manufacturing and service facilities located in over fifteen
countries around the world.
ShawCor is active in building new large diameter pipeline infrastructure. Additionally, ShawCor is likely to benefit from the development of the gas
fields as its Flexpipe is used for oilfield water and fluids and for gathering lines.
EPS (US$) EBITDA (US$M)
North American Energy Partners Inc. provides mining and heavy construction services primarily in Western Canada. Its services include site clearing
and access road construction; site development and underground utility installation; construction and relocation of mine site infrastructure; stripping,
muskeg removal and overburden removal; heavy equipment and labour supply; material hauling; and mine reclamation and tailings pond
construction. North American Energy Partners Inc. was founded in 1953 and is based in Acheson, Canada.
Trading multiples ('14)EPS ($) EBITDA ($M)
Enerflex Ltd. supplies natural gas compression, oil and gas processing, refrigeration systems, and power generation equipment worldwide. It
designs, manufactures, constructs and service hydrocarbon handling systems. Enerflex Ltd. was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in Calgary,
Canada.
Provided compressors and related equipment to many Australian LNG plants and should benefit from BC's market as well
Exposure to Western Canadian project development - site preparation, pipeline construction
Trading multiples ('14)
Trading multiples ('14)EPS ($)
Macro Enterprises Inc. provides pipeline and facility construction, and maintenance services to the oil and gas companies in northeastern British
Columbia and northwestern Alberta. It is involved in the construction, alteration, repair, and installation of pipeline and facility pressure piping and
structural steel. Macro Enterprises Inc. was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Fort St John, Canada.
Likely to provide pipeline and facilities construction for proposed LNG pipelines
EBITDA ($M)
Enterprise Group, Inc. engages in the provision of construction services for the energy, utility, and transportation infrastructure industry in Canada.
The company is involved in the installation of underground power, telecommunications, and natural gas lines, as well as offers directional drilling
services for the utility providers. Enterprise Group, Inc. is headquartered in St. Albert, Canada.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M)
Figure 11 – Companies Which Could Benefit from Pipeline Construction Spending

15. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 15
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Macro Enterprises V-MCR $6.00 179 189 0.76 0.94 43.5 52.0 6.4x 3.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Enterprise T-E $0.78 63 80 0.10 0.14 13.1 22.9 5.6x 3.5x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Synodon V-SYD $0.22 15 15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Description
Opportunity
Trading multiples ('14)
Macro Enterprises Inc. provides pipeline and facility construction, and maintenance services to the oil and gas companies in northeastern British
Columbia and northwestern Alberta. It is involved in the construction, alteration, repair, and installation of pipeline and facility pressure piping and
structural steel. Macro Enterprises Inc. was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Fort St John, Canada.
Likely to provide pipeline and facilities construction for proposed LNG pipelines
Enterprise Group, Inc. engages in the provision of construction services for the energy, utility, and transportation infrastructure industry in Canada.
The company is involved in the installation of underground power, telecommunications, and natural gas lines, as well as offers directional drilling
services for the utility providers. Enterprise Group, Inc. is headquartered in St. Albert, Canada.
Market focus includes utility and pipeline construction as well as tunnelling and horizontal augering
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M)
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Synodon Inc., a remote sensing technology company, develops a leak detection system called realSens for the remote measurement of ground-level
gas concentrations. The company also focuses on the provision of various datasets, including aerial imagery, thermal and terrain mapping, and
vegetation and ground type to energy companies. Synodon Inc. was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Edmonton, Canada.
Provides inspection services for gas pipelines
Source: PI Financial, Capital IQ
Infrastructure Development in Resource Producing Region
We have taken a very narrow view of the resource development opportunity as we have omitted pure
energy services companies who, we will concede, have a large role in the development of this market.
That being said, we have turned our attention to those companies that provide basic infrastructure
(roads, site clearing, etc.) or whose products are used in the process (hydrochloric acid, piping, etc,)
rather than the drillers, pressure pumpers or other direct energy service providers. Figure 12 illustrates
companies we feel will benefit within this market and we have highlighted PetroWest as a company
which should benefit significantly.
PetroWest (T-PRW) $0.80
Petrowest provides industrial and civil infrastructure support services.`` This includes site
preparation for drilling sites and gas facilities, road development, proper disposal of environmentally
hazardous waste material, gravel crushing and heavy duty hauling and transportation services.
PetroWest has the largest fleet of equipment in Northeast BC / Northwest Alberta.`` Most of
its competition has less than 60 pieces of equipment whereas PetroWest has 657. These include
rock trucks, dozers, excavators, log loaders, compactors, among others.
We anticipate its equipment should be well utilized in coming years.`` PetroWest’s large
equipment fleet should be active in site preparation for the extensive drilling projects and gas
facilities in Northeast BC / Northwest Alberta. In addition, this equipment can provide pipeline
access and right of ways as well as build roads to remote areas in the region.
The company also builds work camps which will be necessary given the remote nature``
of drilling and pipeline development. The BC government has forecasted the need for 70,000
additional workers required in LNG construction projects and it is estimated that an additional
24,000 beds will be required in remote camps.
PetroWest acquired Peejay Environmental last year which has a landfill site north of Fort``
St. John, BC. PetroWest has master service agreements to receive contaminated soil from major
oil and gas companies operating in Northeast BC.
We feel revenue can grow 10% per annum in the next two years before significant LNG``
spending commences in FY15. Consensus estimates forecast EBITDA of $35M in FY13 and
$44M in FY14. Based on FY14 EBITDA and taking into account net debt of $72.4M, PRW shares
trade at just 3.8x EV/EBITDA.
PetroWest is NON-RATED and we do not provide a target price.``

16. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
16 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Finning T-FTT $23.80 4,125 5,867 1.95 2.19 735.1 794.3 10.8x 7.4x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
ShawCor T-SCL $43.67 2,615 2,910 4.09 3.61 435.4 366.8 12.1x 7.9x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Canexus Corp. T-CUS $7.30 1,121 1,529 0.14 0.39 108.8 174.0 18.7x 8.8x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price (US$M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
North American Energy Partners N-NOA US$5.31 194 490 (0.51) 0.33 37.7 57.3 16.1x 8.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
ENTREC Corp. V-ENT $1.37 160 252 0.22 0.27 62.6 80.0 5.1x 3.1x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Macro Enterprises V-MCR $6.00 179 189 0.76 0.94 43.5 52.0 6.4x 3.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
PetroWest T-PRW $0.77 95 168 0.02 0.12 35.2 44.1 6.5x 3.8x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Exposure to Western Canadian project development - site preparation, pipeline construction.
EPS (US$) EBITDA (US$M) Trading multiples ('14)
North American Energy Partners Inc. provides mining and heavy construction services primarily in Western Canada. Its services include site
clearing and access road construction; site development and underground utility installation; construction and relocation of mine site infrastructure;
stripping, muskeg removal and overburden removal; heavy equipment and labour supply; material hauling; and mine reclamation and tailings pond
construction. North American Energy Partners Inc. was founded in 1953 and is based in Acheson, Canada.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Finning International Inc. provides sales, rental, parts and support services for Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar) equipment and engines and equipment
on three continents. Its operating units include Canadian operations, South American operations, the United Kingdom and Ireland operations, and
Other. The company was founded in 1933 and is headquartered in Vancouver, Canada.
Caterpillar equipment will likely be used in earthmoving site preparation as well as for pipelaying applications (sidebooms).
EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
ShawCor is likely to benefit from the development of the gas fields as its Flexpipe is used for oilfield water and fluids and for gathering lines.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
ShawCor Ltd. is a global energy services company that operates through eight divisions which focus on products and services for the pipeline and
pipe services market and the petrochemical and industrial market. The company has manufacturing and service facilities located in over fifteen
countries around the world.
Canexus produces sodium chlorate and chlor-alkali products largely for the pulp and paper and water treatment industries. It has four plants in
Canada and two at one site in Brazil. They also provide fee-for-service hydrocarbon transloading services to the oil and gas industry from a terminal
at Bruderheim, Alberta
Canexus' North Vancouver chlor-alkali plant produces hydrochloric acid which is used in oil & gas acid fracturing. We do not believe the use of acid
fracturing will be commonplace for liquids rich natural gas production in Northern BC, but there maybe a small uptick in demand.
EPS ($)
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
ENTREC Corp. provides the lifting, road transportation, loading, off-loading, and setting of overweight and oversized cargo for the oil and natural
gas industries in Canada and internationally. As of March 31, 2013, it operated a fleet of 600 multiwheeled trailers, 375 hydraulic platform lines, and
160 tractors, as well as 170 cranes. ENTREC Corporation was founded in 1995 and is headquartered in Spruce Grove, Canada.
Recent acquisition of GT's Cranes makes ENTREC a market leader in mobile cranes in Northern BC
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Macro Enterprises Inc. provides pipeline and facility construction, and maintenance services to the oil and gas companies in northeastern British
Columbia and northwestern Alberta. It is involved in the construction, alteration, repair, and installation of pipeline and facility pressure piping and
structural steel. Macro Enterprises Inc. was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Fort St John, Canada.
Provides water lines and flow lines to multiwell pads in Northeast BC/Northwest AB.
Trading multiples ('14)
Petrowest Corporation provides pre-drilling and post-completion energy services to the oil and gas industry in Canada. The company operates in
five divisions: Construction, Civil Services, Environmental Services, Rentals, and Transportation. Petrowest Corporation was founded in 2006 and is
headquartered in Grande Prairie, Canada.
Provides well site preparation services in Horn River /Montney region.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M)
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Figure 12 – Companies Which Could Benefit from LNG Resource Development Spending

17. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 17
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
Macro Enterprises V-MCR $6.00 179 189 0.76 0.94 43.5 52.0 6.4x 3.6x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
PetroWest T-PRW $0.77 95 168 0.02 0.12 35.2 44.1 6.5x 3.8x
Description
Opportunity
MktCap EV
Company SYM Price ($M) ($M) FY13 FY14 FY13 FY14 P/E EV/EBITDA
Enterprise T-E $0.78 63 80 0.10 0.14 13.1 22.9 5.6x 3.5x
Description
Opportunity
Macro Enterprises Inc. provides pipeline and facility construction, and maintenance services to the oil and gas companies in northeastern British
Columbia and northwestern Alberta. It is involved in the construction, alteration, repair, and installation of pipeline and facility pressure piping and
structural steel. Macro Enterprises Inc. was founded in 1994 and is headquartered in Fort St John, Canada.
Provides water lines and flow lines to multiwell pads in Northeast BC/Northwest AB.
Trading multiples ('14)
Petrowest Corporation provides pre-drilling and post-completion energy services to the oil and gas industry in Canada. The company operates in
five divisions: Construction, Civil Services, Environmental Services, Rentals, and Transportation. Petrowest Corporation was founded in 2006 and is
headquartered in Grande Prairie, Canada.
Provides well site preparation services in Horn River /Montney region.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M)
Market focus includes utility and pipeline construction as well as tunnelling and horizontal augering.
EPS ($) EBITDA ($M) Trading multiples ('14)
Enterprise Group, Inc. engages in the provision of construction services for the energy, utility, and transportation infrastructure industry in Canada.
The company is involved in the installation of underground power, telecommunications, and natural gas lines, as well as offers directional drilling
services for the utility providers. Enterprise Group, Inc. is headquartered in St. Albert, Canada.
Source: PI Financial, Capital IQ

18. LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013
18 | INDUSTRY UPDATE Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance)
Disclaimer
Analyst or a member of the Analyst’s household owns shares of the following stocks on the Coverage
List: none
PI Financial Corp. has received compensation for acting as fiscal agent or advisor for the following
company over the preceding 12-month period: none
PI Financial Corp. and its afiliates’ holdings in the following company’s securities, in aggregate exceeds
1% of the company’s issued and outstanding securities: Macro Enterprises
Members: All major Canadian Stock Exchanges, Investment Industry Regulatory Organization
of Canada, Canadian Investor Protection Fund and AdvantageBC International Business Centre -
Vancouver. Estimates and projections contained herein are our own and are based on assumptions
which we believe to be reasonable. Information presented herein, while obtained from sources we
believe to be reliable, is not guaranteed either as to accuracy or completeness, nor in providing it
does PI Financial Corp. assume any responsibility or liability. This information is given as of the date
appearing on this report, and PI Financial Corp. assumes no obligation to update the information or
advice on further developments relating to securities. PI Financial Corp. and its affiliates, as well as
their respective partners, directors, shareholders, and employees may have a position in the securities
mentioned herein and may make purchases and/or sales from time to time. PI Financial Corp. may
act, or may have acted in the past, as a financial advisor, fiscal agent or underwriter for certain of the
companies mentioned herein and may receive, or may have received, remuneration for their services
from those companies. This report is not to be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an
offer to buy, securities and is intended for distribution only in those jurisdictions where PI Financial
Corp. is registered as an advisor or a dealer in securities. Any distribution or dissemination of this
report in any other jurisdiction is strictly prohibited. For further disclosure information, reader is
referred to the disclosure section of our website.

19. Jason Zandberg, B.B.A, CFA | Sharon Wang, M. Sc. (Finance) INDUSTRY UPDATE | 19
LNG Industry Update – October 7, 2013

20. Participants of all Canadian Marketplaces. Members: Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada, Canadian Investor Protection Fund and AdvantageBC International
Business Centre - Vancouver. Estimates and projections contained herein are our own and are based on assumptions which we believe to be reasonable. Information presented
herein, while obtained from sources we believe to be reliable, is not guaranteed either as to accuracy or completeness, nor in providing it does PI Financial Corp. assume any
responsibility or liability. This information is given as of the date appearing on this report, and PI Financial Corp. assumes no obligation to update the information or advise on
further developments relating to securities. PI Financial Corp. and its affiliates, as well as their respective partners, directors, shareholders, and employees may have a position
in the securities mentioned herein and may make purchases and/or sales from time to time. PI Financial Corp. may act, or may have acted in the past, as a financial advisor,
fiscal agent or underwriter for certain of the companies mentioned herein and may receive, or may have received, a remuneration for their services from those companies. This
report is not to be construed as an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, securities and is intended for distribution only in those jurisdictions where PI Financial Corp.
is registered as an advisor or a dealer in securities. Any distribution or dissemination of this report in any other jurisdiction is strictly prohibited.
For further disclosure information, reader is referred to the disclosure section of our website.
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604.664.2925
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604.664.2695
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InstitutionalTrading
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