This is a reading guide, with some theory for college students. Subject Language and Written Expression 4.

1. GENRE, TEXT,
GRAMMAR
Language and Written Expression 4

2. GENRE-based
approaches to WRITING
are based on a FUNCTIONAL
MODEL of
LANGUAGE>>>emphasis on social
constructedness of language

3. Text & Discourse
 TEXT is discourse in verbal
communication.
 TEXT IN USE = DISCOURSE
 TEXT is a meaning poducing event.
 DISCOURSE is formed by sequences of
utterances.
 Ambiguity found in an isolated utterance
disappears within DISCOURSE.

4. How is a TEXT created?

5. Derewianca`s model (2001)

6. How did this model evolve?
 CONTEXT OF SITUATION & CONTEXT OF
CULTURE>>Malinowski (1923, 1935)
 Development of Malinowski’s
model>>Firth (1957)
 LANGUAGE SYSTEM>>M. Halliday (1985,
1994
 Prev. Model>>Derewianca (2001)

8. CONTEXT of SITUATION (& Language
System)
Field (>>IDEATIONAL FUNCTION)
 refers to the subject matter or topic.
 "What is happening?" "What is the activity?“
Tenor (>>INTERERSONAL FUNCTION)
 refers to the roles of the participants in an
interaction.
 "Who are participating and what is their relative
status or power?“
Mode (>>TEXTUAL FUNCTION)
 refers to the channel of communication.
 "What is the language doing?"

9. LANGUAGE is
 NATURAL
&
 CULTURAL
 INDIVIDUAL
&
 SOCIAL

10. Genre Analysis – Bhatia’s ‘four-space’Genre Analysis – Bhatia’s ‘four-space’
modelmodel
Language as textLanguage as text
Language as genreLanguage as genre
Language as professionalLanguage as professional
practicepractice
Language as social practiceLanguage as social practice
(Bhatia, 2004)(Bhatia, 2004)

11. Speech vs WRITING
 To communicate
 Sound
 Temporal
 Immediate
 Sequencial
 Little editing (time
fillers)
 To communicate
 Visual
 Exists in TIME
 Deferred
 Hierarchical
 Can be editted
 Enhances
abstraction>>lang
uage development

12. Why genre, text & grammar approach?
 “[T]o provide students with the
ability to use the codes of writing
(the genres and grammar) effectively
and efficiently. Without these codes
writing can be a frustating and
unproductive process.” (Knapp &
Watkins, 2005:17)

13. (Knapp &Watkins,
2005:27)

14. 5 fundamental genres
Describing
Explaining
Instructing
Arguing
Narrating

16. Bibliogr. Sources
Bahtia, V. (2004):Bahtia, V. (2004): Worlds of Written Discourse: A Genre-BasedWorlds of Written Discourse: A Genre-Based
ViewView . U.K. :. U.K. : Continuum International Publishing Group.Continuum International Publishing Group.
Halliday, M. (1985): Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: E
Arnold.
Knapp, P. & Watkins, M. (2005): Genre, Grammar,Text.Technologies for
Teaching and Assessing Writing. Australia: UNSW Press.