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Introduction
                 Cut-through paths
                 Traffic Engineering
                         Conclusion




Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network

          St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
            e


                        February 6, 2008




     St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
       e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                            Cut-through paths
                            Traffic Engineering
                                    Conclusion


Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network

   Introduction
       Amsterdam Internet Exhange
       AMS-IX Topology
       Scalability definition
       Network efficiency

   Cut-through paths

   Traffic Engineering
      Multiprotocol Label Switching
      Provider Backbone Bridging

   Conclusion


                St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                  e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                         Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                         Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                 Conclusion   Network efficiency


Amsterdam Internet Exchange
   Amsterdam Internet Exchange
   World’s biggest IX
   293 members (05 Feb 2008)
   Peaks of over 400 Gb/s




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                      Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                      Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                              Conclusion   Network efficiency


AMS-IX Topology




          St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
            e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


AMS-IX fail-over methods
   Completely redundant network
   Virtual Switch Redundancy Protocol
   Fail-over in approx. 300ms




              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


Scalability definition




       The ultimate level of scalability for the AMS-IX would be to
     facilitate unlimited traffic exchange for an unlimited amount of
      members, with the only limits on throughput being either the
               capacity of the sending or the receiving party.
    ”AMS-IX is dedicated to offer non-blocking peering services over
                          Ethernet infrastructure.”




              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


Bottleneck
   75% to 80% of traffic through core




              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


Problem definition


     How can the scalability of the AMS-IX network be improved?

    1. What other relevant researches have been conducted
       previously preceded and what is their relevance to the current
       research project?
    2. Which potential solutions can be found to address AMS-IXs
       problem in scalability and what are their respective cons and
       pros?
    3. Is there a solution which deserves preference?
    4. How could this solution be deployed on the AMS-IX network?


              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


Non approaches

  Approaches we did not prefer:
      Up-scaling core switch:
           No such hardware
           Still hardware dependent
      Applying redundant links:
           Loops in network
           Need for STP
           No balancing over links
      ’flow based forwarding’:
           Vendor specific feature
           Not high performance



              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                           Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                           Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                   Conclusion   Network efficiency


Full mesh of all customers?


   All customers directly connected to each peering partner.
   Pros:
       Most efficient offloading
       Fully decentralized
   Cons:
       Not scalable
       Not transparent
       High layer 1 costs
       Very high port-cost



               St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                 e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                           Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                           Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                   Conclusion   Network efficiency


Full mesh of all edges?



   All edges directly connected to each other Pros:
       Efficient offloading
       Transparent from customers point of view
   Cons:
       High port-cost
       High layer 1 costs




               St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                 e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                        Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                        Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                Conclusion   Network efficiency


Full mesh




            St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
              e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction   Amsterdam Internet Exhange
                          Cut-through paths    AMS-IX Topology
                          Traffic Engineering    Scalability definition
                                  Conclusion   Network efficiency


Control Architecture

   Provides dynamic network usage




              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                        Cut-through paths
                        Traffic Engineering
                                Conclusion


Increase locally switched traffic




            St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
              e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                        Cut-through paths
                        Traffic Engineering
                                Conclusion


Increase locally switched traffic




            St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
              e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                        Cut-through paths
                        Traffic Engineering
                                Conclusion


Static CAM entry in edge switch




            St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
              e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                      Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                      Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                              Conclusion


PBB/MPLS Overview




          St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
            e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


MPLS label




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


VPLS label




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


MPLS/VPLS Label




   Source MAC (6bytes) + Destination MAC (6bytes) + Ethertype
   (2bytes) + MPLS-Label1 (4bytes) + MPLSLabel2 (4bytes) = 22
                             bytes.

  Compared to a regular Q-tagged Ethernet header of 26 bytes,
  MPLS/VPLS adds 84% protocol overhead




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


GMPLS




  Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching
      MPLS traffic engineering extended with optical cross connect
      control
      Multi-layer control plane




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                          Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                          Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                  Conclusion


Provider Backbone Bridging



   Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB)
       IEEE 802.1ah, but not standardized
       Encapsulates Ethernet frames in Ethernet headers
       (MAC-in-MAC)
       Forwarding method untouched for non-PBB devices
       Flow based traffic engineering




              St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


PBB Frame
  Regular Ethernet frame compared to PBB encapsulated frame




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths    Multiprotocol Label Switching
                         Traffic Engineering    Provider Backbone Bridging
                                 Conclusion


PBB-TE




  Provider Backbone Briding - Traffic engineering
      IEEE 802.1Qay, but not standardized
      Control plane for PBB
      Suite of several control protocols




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                             Cut-through paths
                             Traffic Engineering
                                     Conclusion


Conclusion


   Conclusion:
       Load adaption on layer 1
       Traffic engineering on layer 2
       Both PBB and MPLS are solid solutions
   Future work:
       Performance comparison PBB vs. MPLS
       Implementation of demand-based CTP preparation
       Implementation of control architecture



                 St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
                   e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                       Cut-through paths
                       Traffic Engineering
                               Conclusion


Questions & Thank you!



                         Questions?




           St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
             e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                        Cut-through paths
                        Traffic Engineering
                                Conclusion


Full mesh of all customers




            St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
              e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths
                         Traffic Engineering
                                 Conclusion


Full mesh of all edges




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths
                         Traffic Engineering
                                 Conclusion


Full mesh of all edges




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths
                         Traffic Engineering
                                 Conclusion


Full mesh of all edges




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
Introduction
                         Cut-through paths
                         Traffic Engineering
                                 Conclusion


Distributed core




             St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof
               e                              Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network

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Upscaling AMS-IX

  • 1. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e February 6, 2008 St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 2. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange AMS-IX Topology Scalability definition Network efficiency Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Multiprotocol Label Switching Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 3. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Amsterdam Internet Exchange Amsterdam Internet Exchange World’s biggest IX 293 members (05 Feb 2008) Peaks of over 400 Gb/s St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 4. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency AMS-IX Topology St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 5. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency AMS-IX fail-over methods Completely redundant network Virtual Switch Redundancy Protocol Fail-over in approx. 300ms St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 6. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Scalability definition The ultimate level of scalability for the AMS-IX would be to facilitate unlimited traffic exchange for an unlimited amount of members, with the only limits on throughput being either the capacity of the sending or the receiving party. ”AMS-IX is dedicated to offer non-blocking peering services over Ethernet infrastructure.” St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 7. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Bottleneck 75% to 80% of traffic through core St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 8. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Problem definition How can the scalability of the AMS-IX network be improved? 1. What other relevant researches have been conducted previously preceded and what is their relevance to the current research project? 2. Which potential solutions can be found to address AMS-IXs problem in scalability and what are their respective cons and pros? 3. Is there a solution which deserves preference? 4. How could this solution be deployed on the AMS-IX network? St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 9. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Non approaches Approaches we did not prefer: Up-scaling core switch: No such hardware Still hardware dependent Applying redundant links: Loops in network Need for STP No balancing over links ’flow based forwarding’: Vendor specific feature Not high performance St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 10. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Full mesh of all customers? All customers directly connected to each peering partner. Pros: Most efficient offloading Fully decentralized Cons: Not scalable Not transparent High layer 1 costs Very high port-cost St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 11. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Full mesh of all edges? All edges directly connected to each other Pros: Efficient offloading Transparent from customers point of view Cons: High port-cost High layer 1 costs St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 12. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Full mesh St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 13. Introduction Amsterdam Internet Exhange Cut-through paths AMS-IX Topology Traffic Engineering Scalability definition Conclusion Network efficiency Control Architecture Provides dynamic network usage St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 14. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Increase locally switched traffic St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 15. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Increase locally switched traffic St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 16. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Static CAM entry in edge switch St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 17. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion PBB/MPLS Overview St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 18. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion MPLS label St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 19. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion VPLS label St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 20. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion MPLS/VPLS Label Source MAC (6bytes) + Destination MAC (6bytes) + Ethertype (2bytes) + MPLS-Label1 (4bytes) + MPLSLabel2 (4bytes) = 22 bytes. Compared to a regular Q-tagged Ethernet header of 26 bytes, MPLS/VPLS adds 84% protocol overhead St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 21. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion GMPLS Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS traffic engineering extended with optical cross connect control Multi-layer control plane St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 22. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion Provider Backbone Bridging Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) IEEE 802.1ah, but not standardized Encapsulates Ethernet frames in Ethernet headers (MAC-in-MAC) Forwarding method untouched for non-PBB devices Flow based traffic engineering St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 23. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion PBB Frame Regular Ethernet frame compared to PBB encapsulated frame St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 24. Introduction Cut-through paths Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Provider Backbone Bridging Conclusion PBB-TE Provider Backbone Briding - Traffic engineering IEEE 802.1Qay, but not standardized Control plane for PBB Suite of several control protocols St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 25. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion: Load adaption on layer 1 Traffic engineering on layer 2 Both PBB and MPLS are solid solutions Future work: Performance comparison PBB vs. MPLS Implementation of demand-based CTP preparation Implementation of control architecture St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 26. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Questions & Thank you! Questions? St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 27. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Full mesh of all customers St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 28. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Full mesh of all edges St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 29. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Full mesh of all edges St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 30. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Full mesh of all edges St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network
  • 31. Introduction Cut-through paths Traffic Engineering Conclusion Distributed core St´fan Deelen & Reinier Schoof e Improving scalability of the AMS-IX network