Examine connectivity between mass and elites and where is position of south east asian countries in democracy

1. Company
LOGO
DEMOCRACY
Elite
MODEL
“Examine connectivity Mass and Elite” Polyarchy Pluralism
Presented by |
Junriana | 810058
Raja Abumanshur Matridi | 810083
Shahril Budiman | 810089

2. DEMOCRACY
DEFINITION MODEL
 Democracy as "government  According Michel (1915), Mosca
of the people, by the (1939), and Mills (1956) and Pareto
(1976), on Tansey and Jackson book
people, for the people“ and
individual participation in the (2008) focus on “who rules”
decisions that affect one’s (stess on alleged universal traits of
life. of human nature).
(Abraham Lincoln, Thomas R. Dye and Harmon
Zeigler, 2000)
 Elites are the few who have
 Democracy is a system of power, the “masses are the
government where the many who do not”. (Thomas R. Dye
and Harmon Zeigler, 2000)
government liable for their
actions in the public region
 The elite model of politics hold
by citizens, acting indirectly
through the competition and that society is governed by a
co-operation with the group of political elites who have
representatives of those who a disproportionate amount of
have been elected. (Philippe C. political power. (Jeffrey D.
Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, 1991) Greene, 2005)

3. The Iron Law of Oligarchy
Robert Michels
Social and political organization that is run
by a few individuals, and the social
organization and division of labor is the
key.
Two power side of Oligarchy:
1. Arranged in order of power focuses on the
control of a very small elite group
2. As an elite arrangements in small number
capable to determine public policy

4. The Basic Principles of the Elitist
Model of Politics
 American society is divided into those who have political
power (the few) and those who do not have political power
(the many).
 Those who govern are not typical of the masses. Elites come
from the upper echelons and upper socioeconomic strata
of society.
 Nonelites must slowly be elevated into higher positions to
avoid revolution or social and political instability.
 Elites share a basic consensus about the basic values of the
social system and are committed to protecting and preserving
the system (the status quo).
 Public policy does not reflect demands made by the masses.
 Elites are subject to little direct influence from the apathetic
masses.
 Public policy is directed from the top downward.

5. P LU R A L I S M M O D EL
System in which all interest organize and
compete freely and no one group is able to
dominate.
(Shiveley, 2012)
Patterns of Organized Interest-Group Activity
High Scale of Organization Ideal Way
}
How
To Reach
political
Common
Low on Direct Involvement of Ground of
decision
interest group in government Society
are made
(Shiveley, p.293-294) (Tansey. Jackson,
2008)

6. P LU R A L I S M M O D E L II
The key concept of the pluralist model (Held:1987):
“Diversity; Interest groups; and Social movements”
The Basic Principles of the Pluralist Model (Greene:2005):
1. Power is an attribute of individuals in their relationships with other
individual in the process of decision-making.
2. Power relationships are not permanent.
3. There is not a permanent distinction between the elites and
masses.
4. Leadership is fluid and mobile (flowing and moving).
5. There are multiple centers and bases of power in society. No
single group dominates decision making in all areas.
6. Considerable competition exists between interest groups.
7. Public policy reflects the bargains and compromises reached
between competing groups.

7. P OLYARCHY MODEL
Polyarchy refers to modern
representative democracies
that have universal suffrage.
Competitive Political System
Focusing on two dimensions
essential to these
Equal participation into regimes, participation and
political institution contestation.
Specifies a limited number of
institutions that together are
necessary and sufficient for
its existence.

8. P OLYARCHY M O D E L II
People have the right to vote.
People are eligible for public office.
Political leaders have the right to
compete for votes.
8 Components, or institutional
requirements of Polyarchy
(Robert A. Dahl, 1971) Elections are free and fair.
All citizens are free to form and join
political parties and other organizations.
All citizens are free to express
themselves on all political issues.
Diverse sources of information about politics
exist and are protected by law.
Government policies depend on votes and
other expressions of preference.

9. Where’s ASEAN Position?
DEMOCRACY INDEX 2011
Countries Rank Rank I II III IV V
Overall Electoral process Functioning Political Political Civil
score and pluralism of government participation culture liberties
Thailand 58 6.55 7.83 6.07 5.56 6.25 7.06
Indonesia 60 6.53 6.92 7.50 5.56 5.63 7.06
Malaysia 71 6.19 6.50 6.79 5.56 6.25 5.88
Philippines 75 6.12 8.33 5.00 5.00 3.13 9.12
Singapore 81 5.89 4.33 7.50 2.78 7.50 7.35
Cambodia 101 4.87 6.08 6.07 2.78 5.00 4.41
Vietnam 143 2.96 0.00 4.29 2.78 6.25 1.47
Laos 156 2.10 0.00 3.21 1.11 5.00 1.18
Myanmar 161 1.77 0.00 1.79 0.56 5.63 0.88
Brunei - - - - - - -
Darussalam
Source: Economist Intelligence Unit (2011)

10. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION