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Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2011 2 3 Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2 4 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology 5 and Individual Differences 6 Wednesday 19 January 2011 9.00 am to 10.30 am 7 8 You will need no other materials. 9 Time allowed  1 hour 30 minutes 10 11 Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 12  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.  Answer all questions. TOTAL  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 72.  Question 12 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 12, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (Jan11psyA201) G/T62937 6/6/6/ PSYA2
2 Do not write outside the box Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 8 marks 1 (a) The following are examples of stress in everyday life, some are life changes and some are daily hassles. From the list, select two examples of life changes and two examples of daily hassles. A Divorce B Household chores C Room temperature D Retirement from work E Traffic jams F Getting married G Changing school H Missing the bus Life changes: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box. Daily hassles: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box. (4 marks) 1 (b) Explain what psychological research has shown about the stressful impact of either life changes or daily hassles. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 8 (02) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
3 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 2 (a) Questionnaires have been used by psychologists to investigate stress. Explain one possible ethical issue that might arise when using questionnaires in this area of psychology. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) Apart from ethics, explain one other problem of using questionnaires to investigate stress. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks + 2 marks) ____ 4 Turn over for the next question Turn over  (03) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
4 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 3 (a) What is meant by a problem-focused approach to coping with stress? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (b) What is meant by an emotion-focused approach to coping with stress? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks + 3 marks) ____ 6 (04) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
5 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 4 Karen has been feeling extremely stressed for several months. She has recently been promoted at work and is worried that she is not able to do the job properly in spite of praise from her managers. She also finds it very difficult to say “no” when colleagues ask for assistance. Her health is suffering and she decides to try Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to help manage her stress. Explain what is involved in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and how it could be used to help Karen. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (6 marks) ____ 6 Turn over for the next section Turn over  (05) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
6 Do not write outside the box Section B Social Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 6 marks 5 (a) Explain what is meant by informational social influence. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 5 (b) Explain what is meant by normative social influence. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks + 3 marks) ____ 6 (06) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
7 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 6 Some research into obedience has been carried out in laboratories. Other studies into obedience have been carried out in the real world, including field experiments and observations. 6 (a) Outline one advantage of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 6 (b) Outline one limitation of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks + 2 marks) ____ 4 Total for this question: 8 marks 7 Discuss one or more explanations of independent behaviour, for example, how people resist pressures to conform or obey. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Turn over  (07) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
8 Do not write outside the box ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (8 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 8 (08) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
9 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 8 Mike and his grandfather were having a conversation about recycling. Mike explained that he always puts empty cans and plastic bottles in one box and newspapers and cardboard in another box and that his mum takes these to be recycled once a week. His grandfather said that when he was Mike’s age, people did not recycle. Mike said that everyone in his street recycles and that they have a big box at school especially for recycling. Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain why recycling is now behaviour carried out by a majority of people in this country. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (6 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Turn over  (09) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
10 Do not write outside the box Section C Individual Differences Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 3 marks 9 Identify one definition of abnormality and explain one limitation associated with this definition. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) ____ 3 (10) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
11 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 10 A psychologist collected data on the effectiveness of three types of therapies for different types of disorders. The results are displayed in the bar chart below. Percentage of patients who improved according to type of disorder and type of therapy 60 50 Key 40 Percentage Biological of patients therapies who show 30 Behavioural improvement therapies after 6 months of therapy Psychoanalytic 20 therapies 10 0 A B C Type of disorder What conclusions about the effectiveness of different therapies can you draw from the bar chart? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Turn over  (11) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
12 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 5 marks 11 (a) Describe systematic de-sensitisation as a method of treating abnormality. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) 11 (b) Explain one weakness of systematic de-sensitisation. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) ____ 5 (12) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
13 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 12 marks 12 ‘Freud’s views on the origins of abnormal behaviour and ways of treating it had a great impact on psychology.’ Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality. You may use this space to plan your answer ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Turn over  (13) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
14 Do not write outside the box ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (12 marks) (14) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
15 Do not write outside the box Extra space for Question 12 .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 12 END OF QUESTIONS (15) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
16 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2

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Problems of investigating stress with questionnaires

  • 1. Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2011 2 3 Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2 4 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology 5 and Individual Differences 6 Wednesday 19 January 2011 9.00 am to 10.30 am 7 8 You will need no other materials. 9 Time allowed  1 hour 30 minutes 10 11 Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 12  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.  Answer all questions. TOTAL  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 72.  Question 12 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 12, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (Jan11psyA201) G/T62937 6/6/6/ PSYA2
  • 2. 2 Do not write outside the box Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 8 marks 1 (a) The following are examples of stress in everyday life, some are life changes and some are daily hassles. From the list, select two examples of life changes and two examples of daily hassles. A Divorce B Household chores C Room temperature D Retirement from work E Traffic jams F Getting married G Changing school H Missing the bus Life changes: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box. Daily hassles: select two from the list above and write one letter in each box. (4 marks) 1 (b) Explain what psychological research has shown about the stressful impact of either life changes or daily hassles. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 8 (02) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 3. 3 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 2 (a) Questionnaires have been used by psychologists to investigate stress. Explain one possible ethical issue that might arise when using questionnaires in this area of psychology. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 2 (b) Apart from ethics, explain one other problem of using questionnaires to investigate stress. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks + 2 marks) ____ 4 Turn over for the next question Turn over  (03) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 4. 4 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 3 (a) What is meant by a problem-focused approach to coping with stress? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 3 (b) What is meant by an emotion-focused approach to coping with stress? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks + 3 marks) ____ 6 (04) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 5. 5 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 4 Karen has been feeling extremely stressed for several months. She has recently been promoted at work and is worried that she is not able to do the job properly in spite of praise from her managers. She also finds it very difficult to say “no” when colleagues ask for assistance. Her health is suffering and she decides to try Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to help manage her stress. Explain what is involved in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and how it could be used to help Karen. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (6 marks) ____ 6 Turn over for the next section Turn over  (05) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 6. 6 Do not write outside the box Section B Social Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 6 marks 5 (a) Explain what is meant by informational social influence. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 5 (b) Explain what is meant by normative social influence. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks + 3 marks) ____ 6 (06) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 7. 7 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 6 Some research into obedience has been carried out in laboratories. Other studies into obedience have been carried out in the real world, including field experiments and observations. 6 (a) Outline one advantage of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 6 (b) Outline one limitation of conducting obedience research outside a laboratory setting. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks + 2 marks) ____ 4 Total for this question: 8 marks 7 Discuss one or more explanations of independent behaviour, for example, how people resist pressures to conform or obey. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Turn over  (07) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 8. 8 Do not write outside the box ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (8 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 8 (08) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 9. 9 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 6 marks 8 Mike and his grandfather were having a conversation about recycling. Mike explained that he always puts empty cans and plastic bottles in one box and newspapers and cardboard in another box and that his mum takes these to be recycled once a week. His grandfather said that when he was Mike’s age, people did not recycle. Mike said that everyone in his street recycles and that they have a big box at school especially for recycling. Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain why recycling is now behaviour carried out by a majority of people in this country. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (6 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Turn over  (09) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 10. 10 Do not write outside the box Section C Individual Differences Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 3 marks 9 Identify one definition of abnormality and explain one limitation associated with this definition. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) ____ 3 (10) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 11. 11 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 4 marks 10 A psychologist collected data on the effectiveness of three types of therapies for different types of disorders. The results are displayed in the bar chart below. Percentage of patients who improved according to type of disorder and type of therapy 60 50 Key 40 Percentage Biological of patients therapies who show 30 Behavioural improvement therapies after 6 months of therapy Psychoanalytic 20 therapies 10 0 A B C Type of disorder What conclusions about the effectiveness of different therapies can you draw from the bar chart? ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Turn over  (11) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 12. 12 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 5 marks 11 (a) Describe systematic de-sensitisation as a method of treating abnormality. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (3 marks) 11 (b) Explain one weakness of systematic de-sensitisation. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (2 marks) ____ 5 (12) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 13. 13 Do not write outside the box Total for this question: 12 marks 12 ‘Freud’s views on the origins of abnormal behaviour and ways of treating it had a great impact on psychology.’ Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality. You may use this space to plan your answer ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Turn over  (13) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 14. 14 Do not write outside the box ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ (12 marks) (14) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 15. 15 Do not write outside the box Extra space for Question 12 .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ ____ ............................................................................................................................................ 12 END OF QUESTIONS (15) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2
  • 16. 16 Do not write outside the box There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/T62937/Jan11/PSYA2