1. World Academy of Art & Science
TRIESTE FORUM 2013
Impact of Science and Technology on Society and Economy
The role of Technological Innovation in the
evolution of the Enterprises and the future
of Employment
Roberto Siagri
Trieste, 5-6 . 3 . 2013
WAAS Forum 2013

2. The presentation will try to answer questions 2, 4, 5
• 1. What should be the role of human capital in a comprehensive
approach to human welfare and well-being?
• 2. What should be the role of human capital in assuring
sustainable development?
• 3. How to describe and quantify the untapped human capital?
• 4. How to increase human capital - the role of individual and
collective activity, education, health: local and global?
• 5. How should global and local political orders be altered in order
to adequately harness and develop the potentials of human capital?
• 6. How should global and local legal systems be modified in order
to more fully tap the potentials of human capital?
• 7. What should be the broad outlines of a human capital-based
development strategy and what essential conditions need to be met
to implement such a strategy?
WAAS Forum 2013

3. World Economic Performance
WAAS Forum 2013

4. Less is More
Innovation moves from material to abstract
“The principle of doing ever
more with ever less
Space, Time, Matter
and Energy
per each given level of R. Buckminster Fuller
1895 - 1983
functional performance”
This trend has also been called:
“Ephemeralization”, “Virtualization,” “Weightlessness”
WAAS Forum 2013

5. Accelerating Returns
«…. we won't experience 100
years of progress in the 21st
Hyperbolic-
century; Appearing
Phase
it will be more like 20,000 years
of progress - at today's rate.»
Exponential-Appearing
Phase
EP
Linear-Appearing Phase
Ray Kurzweil
WAAS Forum 2013 5

6. The Paradigms of the Knowledge Economy
• Knowledge is wealth
• Bigger doesn't always mean better
• More opportunities
• Less certainties
• Everything happens faster
• Everything is exponential
• Demand comes in surges
• ReturnOnIdea is the greatest ever
WAAS Forum 2013

7. Start-ups & Innovative-SMEs
SMEs produce 24 times more innovation than large
companies for every invested $.
Source: Doyle, Wong marketing and competitive performance
Large companies need from 3 to 10 times more time than
SMEs to develop the same new products.
Source: National Science Foundation (USA)
SME R&D spending overall has grown 10 times as fast as
large-company spending over 24 years (1981-2005).
Source: H. Chesbrough, Haas School of Business, Univ, Berkeley
WAAS Forum 2013
Photo Credits: Martin Whitmore
7

8. New Entrepreneurs have big Social Role
More than one third of new jobs come from new companies.
Turmoil and Growth: Young Businesses, Economic Churning, and Productivity Gains, Jun. 2008
From 1980 to 2005, companies born in the previous 5 years
generated the whole net job growth in the US.
Business Dynamics Statistics Briefing: Jobs Created from Business Startups in US, Jan. 09
   
The Entrepreneurial Economy: Qi  K i Li Ri Ei
Need Entrepreneurship Policies
• Universities as Engines of Economic Development
• Technology Transfer & Commercialization
• Private-Public Partnerships
WAAS Forum 2013

9. The Boundaries of the Enterprise are Changing
Not only Entrepreneurs have a social role
but also an
Enterpreneurial attitude has a big impact in society
“workers need to think of their careers as
their own small businesses”
JAMES FLANIGAN, New York Times, 14 ottobre 2009
WAAS Forum 2013
Photo Credits: jairoagua

10. Evolution of Enterprise
Enterprise
without people
Time these
are existing
today
...???.....
Virtual Enterprise: core mgt + project team
Traditional Enterprise : full time employees
WAAS Forum 2013

11. The "lights-out" Manufacturing is a Reality
where Robots do all the Work
Fanuc's 4,000-square-meter factories near Mt. Fuji, robots are building other
robots at a rate of about 50 per 24-hour shift and can run unsupervised for as
long as 30 days at a time
C. Null and B. Caulfield
WAAS Forum 2013 June 1, 2003 - Business 2.0
11

12. Virtual Company
The Hollywood
model:
small
expert teams
independent
with a great deal
of connections
Source:
WAAS Forum 2013 http://kotaku.com/gaming/business/copying-
the-hollywood-business-model-239845.php

13. Entrepreneurial Economy
Traditional vs. Entrepreneurial
• Small Business • Entrepreneurship
• Stability (Low Startup • Turbulence (High
and Exit Rates) Startup and Exit Rates)
• Low R&D • High R&D
• Low Human Capital • High Human Capital
• Low Growth • High Growth
Source: David B. Audretsch
WAAS Forum 2013 Institute for Development Strategies
Indiana University

14. Managed vs. Entrepreneurial Economy
Social behavior
• Predictability • Novelty
• Conformity • Originality
• Obedience • Creativity
• Deference to Authority • Challenging of Authority
• Homogeneity • Diversity
Public Policy
• Constraining • Enabling
• Centralized at National Level • Decentralized at Local Level
• Public Ownership, Regulation • Creation & Commercialization
of Knowledge
David B. Audretsch
WAAS Forum 2013 Institute for Development Strategies
Indiana University

15. Social and Economic Evolution
Industrial triangle Entrepreneurial quadrangle
Large Start-ups Large
Enterprise SME Enterprises
Personal Finance Shareholders
Business Angels Debt
Venture Capital
VITUOUS
CIRCLE
STALL
Tuition fees
Public funding Taxes
Donations
Unions State Universities State
Source: Carl Schram,
WAAS Forum 2013 Kauffman Foundation

16. The last 150 years of Co-Evolution
Conceptual Age
ATG (Creators and
Affluence Empathizers)
Technology
Globalization
Information Age
(Knowledge Workers)
Industrial Age
(Factory Workers)
Agricultural Age
(Farmers)
18th Century 19th Century 20th Century 21st Century
WAAS Forum 2013 Daniel H. Pink
A Whole New Mind

17. Human Capital and Process Automation
• Perhaps 80% of today's First World paycheck is paid
for by automation
• Human contribution (20%?) to a First World job is:
Social Value of Employment + Creativity + Education
• Developing countries are next in line (sooner or later).
• Continual education is the true job descriptions for all
human beings.
WAAS Forum 2013 Source : J. Smart, Accelerating.org

18. Automation Development always Creates Massive
Economic-Demographic Shifts
• Automating of farming pushed people into factories
(1820, 80% of us were farmers, 2% today)
• Automating of factories is pushing people into service
(1947, 35% were in factories, 14% today)
• Automating of service is pushing people into service
networks (Web 2.0, Web 3.0) (2003, 65% of GDP is service industry)
• Automating of networks will push people into collective/self-expression
(symbionts)
• Automating individual and group values will push people into self-
actualization (digital twins)
• Automating of self-actualization will push people beyond biology
(“transhumanity”)
18 Source : J. Smart, Accelerating.org
WAAS Forum 2013

19. Social Behavior : Homo Zappiens
HOMO ZAPPIENS HOMO SAPIENS
 TWITCH SPEED  CONVENTIONAL SPEED
 MULTI TASKING  MONO TASKING
 NON LINEAR APPROACHES  LINEAR APPROACHES
 ICONIC SKILLS FIRST  READING SKILLS FIRST
 CONNECTED  STAND ALONE
 COLLABORATIVE  COMPETITIVE
 ACTIVE  PASSIVE
 LEARNING BY EXTERNALISING  LEARNING BY INTERNALISING
 INSTANT PAYOFF  PATIENCE
 FANTASY  REALITY
HOMO ZAPPIENS!
WAAS Forum 2013 Learning Strategies of Students in a Digital Era
Prof.Dr. Wim Veen DUDelft

20. Technology: Web 2.0, Cloud Computing & Big Data
new powerful and “cheap” tools especially for newcomers
• Networking proof!
• No need to be big
• Enabler to capture new opportunities
• Ready when things happen faster &
exponential
• Maximize your ReturnOnIdea
WAAS Forum 2013

21. Thank you for your attention
"In a time of change, it
is learners who inherit
the future.
The learned find
themselves well
equipped to live in a
world that no longer
exists."
Eric Hoffer
WAAS Forum 2013
Phooto Credits: CollegeDegrees360