The document discusses institutional responses to disasters in India using the 1999 Orissa cyclone as a case study. It describes how NGOs responded in three phases - immediate relief, short-term recovery efforts like food aid and infrastructure rebuilding, and long-term initiatives such as livelihood restoration, shelter construction, and reforestation. The response showed that coordinated efforts between government institutions and NGOs are more effective than any single organization alone in providing aid after large-scale disasters.

1. Institutional Case study on Disaster
Response
SSNAIK
M.Sc.AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
TNAU,COIMBATORE

2. Institutional Case study on Disaster Response……
1.Introduction
2.Case study
3.Conclusion
4.References
Disasters………….

3. 1.INTRODUCTION

4. What is a disaster ?
ETYMOLOGY :
DISASTER : GREEK WORD =BAD OR EVIL STAR
DEFINITION:
UNISDR----“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.”

5. What are the Institutions ?
 NGOs : Non Government Organization
 HRD : Human Resource Development
 NIDM : National Institute of Disaster Management
 HR plan : Human Resource Plan
 IIPA : Indian Institute of Disaster Management
 NDMA : National Disaster Management Authority
 EPCO : Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization
 DMI : Disaster Mitigation Institute, Bhopal
 MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests
 ATI : Administrative Training Institute
 UNDP : United Nation Development Programme
 WALMI : Water and Land Management Institute
 FRI : Forest Research Institute, Dehradun
 DRR : Disaster Risk Reduction
 APELL : Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level

6. Institutions…………………….
 Armed force and police in disaster response
 International humanitarian assistance by the military
 The Armed Forces/Central Para Military Forces have traditionally
been always respond to the need to render yeomen service to the
affected.
 American Red Cross
 Episcopal Relief and Development
 Salvation Army
 World Vision
 The International Relief Friendship Foundation (IRFF)
 The Lutheran Disaster Response (LDR)
 Mennonite Disaster Services
 The National Emergency Response Team (NERT)
 The National Organization for Victim Assistance
 The Nazarene Disaster Response
 The REACT International

7. Institutions…………………….

8. Institutions…………………….

9. 2. Institutional Case
Study
NGO

10. NGO: Non Governamental Organization
 NGOs are organisations that are nonprofit making, voluntary and
independent of government, engaged in activities concerning
various societal and developmental issues.
 Number of internationally operating NGOS is estimated at 40,000.
 India is estimated to have around 3.3 million NGOS in year 2009
that is one NGO for less than 400 Indians, and many times the
number of primary schools and primary health centres in India

11. Cyclone

12. On 14th October 1999, the southern coastal parts of
Orissa suffered a cyclone that killed over 50 people and
inflicted heavy damage on housing and infrastructure.
1ST TIME
50 people and inflicted heavy damage on
housing and infrastructure.

13. Next came the super cyclone, which hit the state on
29th October.
2ND TIME
90 million trees, wiping off the green cover.
A total of 8,931 people and 4,40,000 livestock perished as a 36- hour long spell of super
heavy winds and incessant rain destroyed houses, felled trees, and ravaged
infrastructure including bridges, roads, telecom and power systems. Storm surges and
flash floods in rivers submerged hundreds of coastal villages. Over 18.9 million people
were affected, as over 2 million houses collapsed and over 1,843,000 hectares of crops
were destroyed. The state was simply not prepared for such a massive disaster.

14. NGO Response to 1999 Cyclone……………………
 NGOs active in Orissa responded to the 1999
cyclone in three phases:
 Immediate phase
 Short-term phase
 Long term phase

15. 1.Immediate Phase:
Relief operations and supplemented government efforts in dealing with the unprecedented
disaster.
1.Orissa Disaster Mitigation Mission (ODMM) to their coordinate relief
and restoration work ran a control room at the state capital and shared
information with the government regarding problems faced in affected
areas.
2.Orissa Development Action Forum

16. Immediate phase…………………………….
 Community kitchens
 Clearing village roads, schools, cleaning water sources, disposing
carcasses.
Medical aid to the ailing cyclone victims by running mobile health
camps
 Preventive measures taken by NGOs included distribution of
medicine, and efforts to raise disaster health awareness amongst
people by organising community health camps.

17. Immediate phase…………………………….
 Distributed temporary shelter materials among people soon after
the cyclone
 Rejuvenating people’s spirits and raising awareness about
reconstruction challenges was an important part of NGO
intervention..
 Raise people’s depressed spirits by organising street theatres and
participatory cultural shows, while some others set up Trauma
Care Centres and undertook trauma counselling in worst affected
villages

18. 2.Short-term phase
 food security
 creation of community assets reviving schools,
 social mobilisation and group formation
 Initiated food for work (FFW) programmes in affected villages
 Vegetative regeneration through backyard and community
nurseries.

19. 2.Short-term phase………………
 Participatory impact and need assessment studies to prepare
rehabilitation action plans.
 Community based rehabilitation of orphan children at
Mamata Grihas (transit houses).
Community day care centres
Setting up temporary sheds for classrooms and
providing textbooks to students

20. 2.Short-term phase…………………………
workshop was organised at Erasama involving parents, teachers, and
government officials to identify problems suffered by children in
cyclone-hit areas.
 Formation of village development committees to coordinate
restoration and rehabilitation initiatives at the community level
Formation of Functional groups comprising women, farmers, water
users, and youth were also formed to carry out specific tasks.
These efforts strengthened a rights-based
approach to rehabilitation, and diverted people’s
attention away from relief aid, which helped in
accelerating reconstruction activities.

21. 2.Long -term phase
 Support to farmers’ groups in the form of seeds, implements,
tillage, irrigation facilities, and training.
 Restore non-farm livelihoods, which focused on
fishermen,handloom weavers, artisans, etc. Others facilitated
income-generating activities by artisans, craftsmen, and the poor.
 Promoting micro-credit activities among women groups and
facilitating their participation in income generating activities
formed a part of the rehabilitation efforts of some NGOs.
 Massive plantation activities were also carried out by NGOs
community avenue, and backyard plantations in affected areas

22. 2.Long -term phase…………………………
 Construction of over 60 Schools-cum Cyclone Shelters. These efforts
supplement government initiatives to construct about 150 multi-purpose
cyclone shelters with resource received from various
sources.
 Construction of low-costdwelling units for very poor families, larger
NGOs and faith organisations constructed dwelling units for poor
and vulnerable families in some worst affected villages.
 The major shelter reconstruction programme , however, is being
implemented by the state government, which would benefit 600,000
cyclone-affected families.

23. 3.Conclusion
A single institution is not enough to show the response against the
disasters there should be all the institutions in that locality not only
Government but also private show the response. Combined institutional
effect is more effective than the single individual effect for example
Government and NGOs are the most extreme mitigative institutional
effect against the disasters.

24. 4.REFERENCES
1.Human Resource and Capacity Development Plan for Disaster Management and
Risk Reduction in India ___Government of India 2013
2.Government - NGO Collaboration for Disaster Reduction and Response:
The India (Orissa) Experience
__ Mr. Aurobindo Behera (2002)
3.The role of the affected state in humanitarian action: A case study on India
___Gareth Price and Mihir Bhatt (2009)
4.The Role of Local Institutions and their Interaction in Disaster Risk Mitigation:
a Literature Review
___Norman M. Messer,(2003)
5.Disaster Management in India: Analysis of Factors Impacting Capacity Building
___Bala Prasad Erramilli ,(2008)
6.GIS-based disaster management for Allahabad Sadar sub-district
(India)
___S.H. Abbas, R.K. Srivastava and R.P.
Tiwari
7.Coordination during disaster Response
____Bhaskara Rao.M (2012)

25. PRESENTED BY
S.SRINIVAS NAIK
M.SC.ENTOMOLOGY
ID.NO.13-503-010