1. Presented by
J.BHARATHI
MCA 3rd SEM

2. • The embedded system is a combination of computer hardware,
software additional electrical & mechanical parts
• A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify
the system design and to provide flexibility.
• Embedded systems employ the use of a RTOS (Real-Time
Operating System).

3. “ An embedded system can be defined as those control systems which are
designed either by microprocessor or microcontroller for a specific tasks. ”
OR
“ An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware &
software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically
designed for a particular kind of application device. ”

4. Block Diagram of Embedded System

5. COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Hardware processor
Timers
Interrupt controller
I/O devices
Memories etc

6. CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 The classification of embedded systems are three
types and they are
 Small scale embedded systems
 Medium scale embedded systems
 Sophisticated embedded systems

7. Small scale embedded systems:
In the small scale embedded systems use single 8bit
or 16bit microcontrollers
Little hardware and software complexity
Usually “C” is used for developing these system

8. Medium scale embedded systems:
In the medium scale embedded systems use single or
few 16 or 32bit microcontrollers
Tools RTOS,debugger

9. Sophisticated embedded system:
In this EM use Enormous hardware and software
complexity
Which may need Scalable processor or configurable
processor and hardware units

10. Some other examples:
Physically, embedded systems range from
portable devices such as digital watches and
MP3 players, to large stationary installations
like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the
systems controlling nuclear power plants.
Complexity varies from low, with a single
microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple
units, peripherals and networks mounted inside
a large chassis or enclosure.

11. Digital clock
Moving message display
DVD player Traffic Light

13. • Computer design requirement
• System-level requirement

14. • Real time/reactive operation
• Small size, low weight
• Safe and reliable
• Harsh environment
• Cost sensitivity

15. • End product utility
• System safety and reliability
• Controlling physical systems
• Power management

17. • CPU: Central Processing Unit
• I/O: Input /Output
• Bus: Address bus & Data bus
• Memory: RAM & ROM
• Timer
• Interrupt

18. General-purpose microprocessor
• CPU for Computers
• No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
• Example--Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium
Data Bus Many chips on mother
CPU board
General-
Purpose Serial
Micro- RAM ROM I/O Timer COM
processor Port Port
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System

19. Microprocessor v/s
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Microcontroller
• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer
I/O, timer are separate are all on a single chip
• designer can decide on the • fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM,
amount of ROM, RAM and I/O I/O ports
ports. • for applications in which cost,
• expensive power and space are critical
• general-purpose • single-purpose
• Ex. 8085,8086 mp, Motorola • Ex. 8051, PIC mc, Motorola
6800, Intel’s 8086, etc. MC’s, Phillips, etc.

22. The 8051 Microcontroller :
• The 8051 is the first microcontroller of
the MCS-51 family introduced by
Intel Corporation at the end of the
1970’s.
• The 8051 family characteristics:
○ The 8051 family characteristics:
○ 4K Bytes ROM
○ 128 Bytes RAM
○ two timer/counters (16 bit)
○ A serial port
○ 32 input/output port
○ Interrupt controller

23. IC 8051 Daily Applications
Digital clock
Moving message display
7 segment display Traffic Light

24. Applications
APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
3%
10%
23% 23% - Communication
18% - Electronics
13% - Automobile
13% 13% - Aerospace
11% - Industries
10% - Military
9% - Medical
11% 3% - Others
9%
13%
18%
Source: ESP DEC 2002

25. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Design and Efficiency
The central processing core in embedded systems is
generally less complicated, making it easier to
maintain. The limited function required of embedded
systems allows them to be designed to most efficiently
perform their functions.

26. Cost
The streamlined make-up of most embedded systems
allows their parts to be smaller less expensive to
produce.
SCADE Model-based Code Gen Download Handbooks
and White Papers

27. Accessibility
Embedded systems are difficult to service because they
are inside another machine, so a greater effort is made
to carefully develop them. However, if something does
go wrong with certain embedded systems they can be
too inaccessible to repair. This concern is sometimes
addressed in the design stage, such as by programming
an embedded system so that it will not affect related
systems negatively when malfunctioning.

28. •Maintenance
Embedded systems are easier to maintain because the
supplied power is embedded in the system and does not
require remote maintenance.
Redundancies
Embedded systems do not involve the redundant
programming and maintenance involved in other
system models.

29. • More and more produced processors are
used in embedded devices
• How would you like to live in a house that
recognizes your fingerprints and opens the
front door automatically?
• A fridge that checks your food supplies and
places orders ; or intelligent lights and air
conditioners that adjust their settings
automatically according to the light and
heat available at various times of the day.

30. What about a microwave oven that can send a
message to your PDA saying that the cake you kept to
bake is done? These are all possible in the near
future.and the Blue tooth technology for
communication. And they will also be connected to
the Internet in most cases.
Think a mobile in the form of a ring or an earring?
This can soon be a reality. IBM is already working on
the prototype of a mobile phone that can be worn as
jewellery. The components of the phone will be
distributed among different pieces of jewellery like
earring, necklace, ring and bracelet.

31. Health card
Smart card
Robotics
ATM

32. Conclusion
A computer which is integrated into another system.
Embedded systems are part of a bigger system. In short an
embedded system works for a predefined task. On the
whole a hardware chip programmed for a dedicated task
results in an embedded system. As integrated circuits get
continuously cheaper, more capable and power efficient,
complexity of chip designs are constantly growing. This is
illustrated by new design approaches such as multi-core
technologies. As there is no foreseeable end to this
development of embedded system.