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Short-read sequencing used for
genomic characterization in
aquacultured shellfish

Steven Roberts
University of Washington
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
e
                             growth


    disease resistance            color


                               stress
                             tolerance

                    Traits
e
                                    growth


           disease resistance            color


                                      stress
                                    tolerance
            e
                           Traits
           m
         to
     rip
       c
    ns
Tra
e
                               growth


    disease resistance              color




                    Traits

     m




    m
                 Epigenetics
Outline


     Disease tolerance [Mercenaria mercenaria]

Environmental response [Ruditapes philippinarum]

                Epigenenetics [Crassostrea gigas]
Disease tolerance
QPX and Mercenaria mercenaria
Disease tolerance
Disease tolerance
Broodstock :       Broodstock :
survived disease   naive to disease
    pressure           pressure

   BARN              MASH
Broodstock :                Broodstock :
survived disease            naive to disease
    pressure                    pressure

   BARN                          MASH


               1 year
                   Ken Hammond
Broodstock :                Broodstock :
survived disease            naive to disease
    pressure                    pressure

   BARN                          MASH
                     12% QPX Prevalence
                                 45% QPX Prevalence


                   Ken Hammond
RNA-Seq
                    Ken Hammond




100 million reads
  8482 contigs
RNA-Seq


100 million reads
  8482 contigs
RNA-Seq


100 million reads
  8482 contigs
RNA-Seq
                  Ken Hammond




  684 DEGs
 459 higher in
BARN (superior)
RNA-Seq


  684 DEGs
 459 higher in
BARN (superior)
 33 enriched
  biological
  processes
Ken Hammond




  684 DEGs
 459 higher in
BARN (superior)
 33 enriched
  biological
  processes
Ken Hammond




  684 DEGs
 459 higher in
BARN (superior)
 33 enriched
  biological
  processes
apoptosis
                  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein,
                  apoptosis 1 inhibitor, TNF receptor-
                  associated factor 3, protein FADD
                  adhesion
  684 DEGs        neuroglian, protocadherin
                  oxidation reduction processes
 459 higher in    peroxidasin, thyroid peroxidase,
                  epidermis-type lipoxygenase,
BARN (superior)   hydroxysteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase,
 33 enriched      carbonyl reductase,  cytochrome P450,
                  superoxide dismutase, sorbitol
  biological      dehydrogenase
  processes       translation
                  asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, eukaryotic
                  initiation factor, tryptophanyl-tRNA
                  synthetase, eukaryotic peptide chain
                  release factor subunit
Broodstock :       Broodstock :
Genotyping           survived disease
                         pressure
                                        naive to disease
                                            pressure

                        BARN              MASH

Restriction Enzyme
Assisted
Digestion
-
Sequencing
Broodstock :       Broodstock :
Genotyping           survived disease
                         pressure
                                        naive to disease
                                            pressure

                        BARN              MASH

Restriction Enzyme    Reduce Representation
Assisted
Digestion
-
Sequencing
Broodstock :       Broodstock :
Genotyping            survived disease
                          pressure
                                         naive to disease
                                             pressure

                         BARN              MASH

Restriction Enzyme     Reduce Representation
Assisted
Digestion
-
Sequencing           Sequence multiple individuals
Broodstock :       Broodstock :
Genotyping            survived disease
                          pressure
                                         naive to disease
                                             pressure

                         BARN              MASH

Restriction Enzyme     Reduce Representation
Assisted
Digestion
-
Sequencing           Sequence multiple individuals



                        145 Diagnostic Markers
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae
Ruditapes philippinarum
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae
Ruditapes philippinarum




                    Locales in PNW already
                    experiencing acidified
                    conditions
                                  Above Figure: Alin et al.
                                  Feely et al. 2008, 2010
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae




                        Larval Exposures:
                        No affect on growth
                        or survival



                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae

                            240 million reads


                                          RNA-Seq



                             3800 : 162 DEGs
                             781 annotated
                              55 processes


                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae

                            240 million reads


                                          RNA-Seq



                             3800 : 162 DEGs
                             781 annotated
                              55 processes


                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae


                            Translation

                            ATP coupled
                            proton transport

                            Development



                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae


                            Translation

                            ATP coupled
                            proton transport

                            Development



                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae


                            Translation

                            ATP coupled
                            proton transport

                            Development



                                      Metzger et al. in review
Environmental stress
Ocean acidification and clam larvae




   Larval Exposures:
   No affect on growth
   or survival




                                      Metzger et al. in review
Epigenetics
DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas
Epigenetics
DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas
Epigenetics
DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas




                www.tokresource.org
Epigenetics
MBD-Seq
             genomic DNA




  fragment

                           MBD
                           Y
                                     MBD
                                     Y
   enrich                      MBD
                                 Y


 sequence
Epigenetics
MBD-Seq




              in silico analysis


                                   Roberts and Gavery 2012
Epigenetics - directions
   Are epigenetic marks independent of
   genetics marks?


   What role do epigenetic marks play in
   commercially important traits?




                                  Roberts and Gavery 2012
Epigenetics - directions
   Are epigenetic marks independent of
   genetics marks?


   What role do epigenetic marks play in
   commercially important traits?


           High resolution mapping efforts
           Coupling Bisulfite Sequencing with MBD
Summary
Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can
efficiently provide relevant biological
information and genomic resources.
Summary
Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can
efficiently provide relevant biological
information and genomic resources.
Summary
Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can
efficiently provide relevant biological
information and genomic resources.


Availability of shared transcriptomic and
genomic sequences will facilitate increased
application of short-read sequencing
technology to improve aquaculture
production.
Acknowledgements
Scott Lindell                 funding
Dave Bushek        USDA
John Kraeuter      NRAC

Caroline Storer    NOAA
                   Saltonstall-Kennedy
                   Washington Sea Grant
Carolyn Friedman
Dave Metzger        EPA                   UW
Paul McElhaney      STAR

Shallin Busch
Sam White            more information
                   fish.washington.edu/genefish
Mackenzie Gavery               goo.gl/TJgA2
Short read sequencing and shellfish

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Short read sequencing and shellfish

  • 1. Short-read sequencing used for genomic characterization in aquacultured shellfish Steven Roberts University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
  • 2.
  • 3. e growth disease resistance color stress tolerance Traits
  • 4. e growth disease resistance color stress tolerance e Traits m to rip c ns Tra
  • 5. e growth disease resistance color Traits m m Epigenetics
  • 6. Outline Disease tolerance [Mercenaria mercenaria] Environmental response [Ruditapes philippinarum] Epigenenetics [Crassostrea gigas]
  • 7. Disease tolerance QPX and Mercenaria mercenaria
  • 10. Broodstock : Broodstock : survived disease naive to disease pressure pressure BARN MASH
  • 11. Broodstock : Broodstock : survived disease naive to disease pressure pressure BARN MASH 1 year Ken Hammond
  • 12. Broodstock : Broodstock : survived disease naive to disease pressure pressure BARN MASH 12% QPX Prevalence 45% QPX Prevalence Ken Hammond
  • 13. RNA-Seq Ken Hammond 100 million reads 8482 contigs
  • 16. RNA-Seq Ken Hammond 684 DEGs 459 higher in BARN (superior)
  • 17. RNA-Seq 684 DEGs 459 higher in BARN (superior) 33 enriched biological processes
  • 18. Ken Hammond 684 DEGs 459 higher in BARN (superior) 33 enriched biological processes
  • 19. Ken Hammond 684 DEGs 459 higher in BARN (superior) 33 enriched biological processes
  • 20. apoptosis baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein, apoptosis 1 inhibitor, TNF receptor- associated factor 3, protein FADD adhesion 684 DEGs neuroglian, protocadherin oxidation reduction processes 459 higher in peroxidasin, thyroid peroxidase, epidermis-type lipoxygenase, BARN (superior) hydroxysteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase, 33 enriched carbonyl reductase,  cytochrome P450, superoxide dismutase, sorbitol biological dehydrogenase processes translation asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, eukaryotic initiation factor, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit
  • 21. Broodstock : Broodstock : Genotyping survived disease pressure naive to disease pressure BARN MASH Restriction Enzyme Assisted Digestion - Sequencing
  • 22. Broodstock : Broodstock : Genotyping survived disease pressure naive to disease pressure BARN MASH Restriction Enzyme Reduce Representation Assisted Digestion - Sequencing
  • 23. Broodstock : Broodstock : Genotyping survived disease pressure naive to disease pressure BARN MASH Restriction Enzyme Reduce Representation Assisted Digestion - Sequencing Sequence multiple individuals
  • 24. Broodstock : Broodstock : Genotyping survived disease pressure naive to disease pressure BARN MASH Restriction Enzyme Reduce Representation Assisted Digestion - Sequencing Sequence multiple individuals 145 Diagnostic Markers
  • 25. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Ruditapes philippinarum
  • 26. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Ruditapes philippinarum Locales in PNW already experiencing acidified conditions Above Figure: Alin et al. Feely et al. 2008, 2010
  • 27. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Larval Exposures: No affect on growth or survival Metzger et al. in review
  • 28. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae 240 million reads RNA-Seq 3800 : 162 DEGs 781 annotated 55 processes Metzger et al. in review
  • 29. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae 240 million reads RNA-Seq 3800 : 162 DEGs 781 annotated 55 processes Metzger et al. in review
  • 30. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Translation ATP coupled proton transport Development Metzger et al. in review
  • 31. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Translation ATP coupled proton transport Development Metzger et al. in review
  • 32. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Translation ATP coupled proton transport Development Metzger et al. in review
  • 33. Environmental stress Ocean acidification and clam larvae Larval Exposures: No affect on growth or survival Metzger et al. in review
  • 34. Epigenetics DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas
  • 35. Epigenetics DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas
  • 36. Epigenetics DNA methylation in Crassostrea gigas www.tokresource.org
  • 37. Epigenetics MBD-Seq genomic DNA fragment MBD Y MBD Y enrich MBD Y sequence
  • 38. Epigenetics MBD-Seq in silico analysis Roberts and Gavery 2012
  • 39. Epigenetics - directions Are epigenetic marks independent of genetics marks? What role do epigenetic marks play in commercially important traits? Roberts and Gavery 2012
  • 40. Epigenetics - directions Are epigenetic marks independent of genetics marks? What role do epigenetic marks play in commercially important traits? High resolution mapping efforts Coupling Bisulfite Sequencing with MBD
  • 41. Summary Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can efficiently provide relevant biological information and genomic resources.
  • 42. Summary Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can efficiently provide relevant biological information and genomic resources.
  • 43. Summary Limited, ultra-short read sequencing can efficiently provide relevant biological information and genomic resources. Availability of shared transcriptomic and genomic sequences will facilitate increased application of short-read sequencing technology to improve aquaculture production.
  • 44. Acknowledgements Scott Lindell funding Dave Bushek USDA John Kraeuter NRAC Caroline Storer NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Washington Sea Grant Carolyn Friedman Dave Metzger EPA UW Paul McElhaney STAR Shallin Busch Sam White more information fish.washington.edu/genefish Mackenzie Gavery goo.gl/TJgA2