This visual dictionary defines and provides pictures for various construction terms related to building materials, framing elements, roofing components, mechanical systems, and more. Key terms explained include air barriers, attic ventilation, brick bonds, concrete joints, framing elements like studs and plates, insulation types, roofing materials and shapes, steep roof draining components, siding and cladding options, and window styles. Diagrams and specifications are provided to illustrate each term.

1. Visual DictionarySp10HipBSCI 2300April 26, 2010

2. Air Barrier – An external membrane applied to the sheathing behind the veneer which serves as a weather barrier and helps prevent air infiltration

3. Attic Ventilation - Serves to allow water vapor and hot attic air to escape through the roof vents and allows for circulation Soffit Vent – Allows air into the attic so that warmer air may escape through the high vents Ridge Vent – Allows hot attic air to escape through the ridge vent Gable Vent – Allows hot attic air to escape and prevents buildup of heat conducted through the roof of the structure Roof Turbine – allows the air to escape by drawing it out through the roof like a fan

4. Backhoe – Heavy machinery used for excavation of smaller site clearing projects such as tree removal or used to dig footing and some basement excavation. Bucket width – 32”

5. Batter Boards – Temporary framework erected just outside the corners of a foundation excavation used to make sure the structure is square and also to carry the lines of a footing from corner to corner

6. Brick Arches Arch with a keystone ELIPTICAL CENTERING!!!!!!!! ROMAN ARCH

7. Brick Bonds Running Bond Soldiers Headers Rowlocks Sailors

8. Brick Sizes 8 ¾” x 4” x 2 ½” 9” x 3 7/8” x 3”

9. Bulldozer – Heavy machinery used during site prep. It is used to level a site by grading with the front blade and pushing dirt around areas of the construction site 72” Blade

10. Cladding EFIS Brick Cladding Wood Clad Wood Shakes Stone Clad – Random Rubble Wood Shakes - Split Wood Shingles - Sawn

13. Concrete Joints Isolation Joint – Separates concrete from objects or structures, and allows independent movement without any connection that could cause damage to either object. This one isolates the slab from the driveway. crack Slab Control Joint – a designed cut in concrete to weaken the slab at that point in an attempt to prevent cracking elsewhere Driveway

14. Concrete Masonry unit – block of hardened concrete designed to be laid up like masonry brick. The hollow cores allow for the block walls to be filled with grout for additional strength. CMU is more economical for foundation walls than cast in place concrete, and when laid by a proper mason, one course of block is equal to3 courses of standard brick w/ a 3/8” mortar joint. A typical block is 8” x 8” x 16” w/ a 3/8” mortar joint.

15. Different size CMU

16. Decorative CMU Split Block

17. Doors Flush Door

18. NEED NEW PIC Top Rail Stile Panel Lock Rail Bottom Rail

19. Doors Transom – small window directly over door Sidelight – tall narrow window running along either or both sides of a door

20. Electrical Components Service Panel Transformer Meter Service Head Duplex Receptacle

21. Framing Elements #1 Anchor Bolt #4 Sub Flooring #3 Floor Joist #2 Sill Plate

22. Framing Elements #6 Studs #7 Top Plate #5 Sole Plate

23. Framing Elements #8 Unfinished Stringer

24. Framing Elements #9 Ceiling Joists #10 Rafters

25. Framing Elements #11 Roof Decking #12 Sheathing

26. Front End Loader – used for transporting piles of dirt or other materials across a jobsite. The hydraulic arms on the bucket allows the ability to place material at a raised elevation. Used for loading dump trucks and backfilling . Unlike a bulldozer, a loader has the ability to scoop dirt out of the ground and move it to another location rather than pushing and spreading it around an area. 72” bucket

27. Gypsum Board – an interior finish board made from a gypsum core sandwiched between two paper faces

28. Heat Pump Compressor – compresses the refrigerant gas which gives off heat, thus cooling the air as it blows across the cooler coils at the air handler -One main disadvantage of the heat pump system is that it is noisy. One must take into account where to place the outside compressors to avoid noise intrusion into the home. -One advantage of a heat pump system is that it is the most efficient way to heat and cool a home

29. Heat Pump Air Handler – forces the air through the system with the use of a blower fan. Also, cooler air is blown across a heating element inside the air handler to warm it up before distributing it through the duct

30. Insulation Batt Insulation – Insulation is used to create the thermal envelope for the house to reduce air infiltration/heat loss in the home

31. Insulation Loose Fill

32. Insulation Rigid Board Insulation

33. Lintel Concrete Lintel – a concrete lintel that carries the load of the wall across a door or window

34. Mortar Extruded Joint – This house used a 3/8” joint neither trowled nor tooled with type ‘M’ mortar

36. 3/8” joint spacing

37. Building - Church

39. Plumbing Lavatory – uses 1 ½” drain pipe

40. Plumbing Water closet – uses 3” pipe to drain

41. Plumbing

42. Plumbing Vent Through Roof – allows air to enter the plumbing system which lets the water drain from the pipes

43. Plumbing Under-mounted sink

44. Plywood– manufactured by gluing thin layers of wood together, rotating each layer 90 degrees so that the grain in the wood does not run the same direction in each layer. This provides greater strength and equalizes moisture movement

45. Rebar #4 Rebar (1/2” thickness) The purpose of the deformations is where the concrete will bond to it better

46. Steep Roof Draining Gutter – a channel which collects rainwater at the eave of a roof Downspout – A vertical pipe for conducting the rainwater from the gutter to a lower level discharge point

47. Splashblock - a precast concrete block used to dissipate the water at the downspout’s discharge point Steep Roof Draining

48. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment – A thin layer of waterproof material laid between the roof deck and roofing. It allows to get the house ‘in the dry’ so progress will not be held up due to inclement weather and protects the building before the roofing is applied

49. Steep Roof Materials Slate Roof

50. Shingle – a water resistant material nailed in an overlapping pattern with other like materials to make the roof watertight. Steep Roof Material

51. Steep Roof Materials Metal Panel Roof - Aluminum steel

52. Steep Roof Shapes Gable Roof

53. Steep Roof Shapes Gambrel Roof

54. Sttep Roof Shapes Hip Roof

55. Steep Roof Shapes Mansard Roof

56. Steep Roof Terms Ridge - the level intersection of roof planes Valley – the sloping intersection of roof planes when water runs to it Eave – the level, low edge of the roof

57. Steep Roof Terms Rake – the sloping edge of a steep roof

58. Steep Roof Terms Soffit – the exposed vertical face of the eave Facia Soffit Facia – the undersurface of a roof overhang installed to enclose the rafter tails

59. Steep Roof Terms No Facia – House with exposed rafter tails

60. Stone Random Rubble Pattern

61. Stone Random Ashler Patter

62. Stone Coursed Ashler Pattern

63. Vapor Retarder - put in place to reduce the passage of air and water vapor through the building assembly to prevent condensation. It is usually placed towards the inside of the building (warm-in-winter).

64. Waterproofing – installed to prevent the passage of water through the CMU into a basement or crawlspace. This is an example of liquid applied.

65. Weep Hole - a small hole opening in the brick veneer to allow accumulated water from the building to escape from the cavity wall

66. Welded Wire Fabric WWF – 6” x 6” grid

67. Windows Awning Window –window swings out -Metal Double Hung Window - Both top and bottom sash open -Vinyl clad