IFPRI Household Survey, Family Welfare Indicator, Inequality, Household Characteristics, Budget Shares, Education, Employment, Assets, Housing, Credit and Savings, Access to Facilities, and Social Safety Net Participation by Income Groups, by Dr. Akhter Ahmed, IFPRI

1. Profile of the Feed the Future Zone in the
South and Other Regions of Bangladesh
Akhter Ahmed
Chief of Party
Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program
International Food Policy Research Institute
Workshop on
The Feed the Future Zone in the South and the Rest of Bangladesh:
A Comparison of Food Security Aspects
16 January 2013
Dhaka

2. Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey
IFPRI designed the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) to
created a baseline for the Feed the Future (FTF) zone in southern
Bangladesh. This carefully collected data will be a point of reference
against which the FTF progress can be measured. The survey will be
repeated for mid-term and end-line evaluation of FTF.
In addition, this nationally representative survey provides an integrated
data platform to carry out a variety of studies with policy implications for
food security and agricultural development.
BIHS has been approved and facilitated by the Government of Bangladesh
(Ministry of Food)
BIHS sample is:
nationally representative of rural Bangladesh
representative of rural areas of each of the 7 administrative
divisions of the country
representative of the FTF Zone of Influence
BIHS started in October 2011 and ended in March 2012
2

3. BIHS Sampling
The sampling process and survey administration included the following
steps:
Listed all villages in each of the stratum (7 divisions and the FtF
zone of influence)
In each stratum, randomly selected villages (PSUs) with probability
proportional to size (PPS) sampling using the number of households
in the 2001 population census data
Conducted complete census in each of the 325 selected villages
Randomly selected 20 households from each village from census list
Male and female enumerators interviewed, respectively, male and
female respondents of each selected household.
3

4. Sampling of FTF Stratum
Over-sampled the FTF zone of
influence in the BIHS sampling frame
to make the sample statistically
representative of the FTF zone
102 primary sampling units (villages)
belong to each of the 20 FTF districts
Conducted complete census in 102
villages; randomly selected 20
households from each village
Total FTF sample size: 2,040
households; 8,364 persons
4

5. BIHS Modules
Household demographic composition, education attainment and cost,
occupation and employment, dwelling characteristics, assets, credit and
savings, migration and remittances, nonfarm enterprises, safety net
participation
Landownership and tenure; agricultural production, input use and costs
(plot-level data); livestock, poultry and fisheries production practices;
marketing practices and revenues
Food and nonfood expenditures
Dietary intakes of individual household members
Health and morbidity, child care, water and sanitation
Anthropometric measurements of all household members
Infant & child feeding practices, immunization, nutrition awareness, care
during pregnancy
Data to construct Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index

6. Survey Administration
For implementing the BIHS, IFPRI engaged the Data Analysis and Technical
Assistance Limited (DATA), a Bangladeshi consulting firm with expertise in
conducting complex surveys and data analysis. DATA’s capacity to conduct
surveys to collect high-quality data was largely built by IFPRI over the past
18 years. DATA works under the supervision and guidance of senior IFPRI
researchers.
DATA provided 140 experienced enumerators (70 female and 70 male)
and 20 supervisors (3 female and 17 male) to administer the BIHS.
The training of the survey enumerators consisted of a formal classroom
component as well as closely monitored practice fieldwork. The training
was conducted by IFPRI researchers and senior DATA staff.
IFPRI and DATA took much care to ensure the quality of the household
survey data. IFPRI researchers made frequent field visits to supervise the
fieldwork.

7. PROFILE RESULTS
7

8. Family Welfare Indicator:
Percent of people living on less than PPP $1.25/day
70
65.5
60
50
Percent of population
41.8 42.4
40.5
40 38.2
35.8 35.6
34.0
31.0
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
8

9. Inequality in Consumption Expenditure (as a proxy
for income)
Gini coefficients
0.45 0.448
0.445 0.443
0.44 0.439
0.435
0.435 0.434
0.432
0.43
0.425 0.425
0.425 0.424
0.42
0.415
0.41
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
9

10. Dependency Ratio
(Number of household members aged 0-14 years and above 60 years divided by the
number of members of working age of 15 to 60 years)
120
110
100 100
100
90 90
80 80
80
70 70
Percent
60
40
20
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
10

11. Per Capita Monthly Consumption Expenditures
3500
3,090
2,952
3000 2,842
2,660 2,696 2,691 2,692
2,515
2500
1,989
Taka/month
2000 1817
1660 1667
1559 1541 1531
1486
1500 1380
1146
1000
500
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Total expenditure Food expenditure
11

12. Household Budget Shares
70
60.3 58.9
60
Percent of total expenditure
50
40
30
20
9.1 10.3
10 7.7 5.8 8.0
5.5 4.7 4.7 5.6 6.2 4.8 4.4
2.2 1.8
0
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Food Fuel & lighting House rent
Clothing & footware Transport & communication Medical expenses
Education Other
12

13. Food Energy (calorie) Deficient Households
40
36.8
35.3
35
30
Percent of households
25
20
17.5
16.5
15
10
5
0
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Consuming <2,122 kcal/person/day Consuming <1,805 kcal/person/day
13

14. Calorie Deficient Households by Income Groups:
FTF Zone
100
90
80
72.8
Percent of households
70
60
50 45.2
40
29.0
30
20 15.2
12.3
10
0
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Per capita expenditure quintile
Consuming <2,122 kcal/person/day Consuming <1,805 kcal/person/day
14

15. Food Energy (calorie) Share of Rice
78 77.0
76
Percent of total household calorie
74
72.2
72 71.6
71.1 71.1 71.1
70.6
70.0
70
68
66.4
66
64
62
60
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
15

16. FTF Zone: Food Energy-Income Relationship
and Energy Intakes from Rice
3000 100
2,462
Percent of total calories from rice
Calorie intakes (kcal/person/day)
2500 77 2,340
74 2,185 80
2,063 73
69
2000 1,854 65
60
1500
40
1000
20
500
0 0
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Per capita expenditure quintile groups
Total calories Percent of total calories from rice 16

17. Adult Literacy Rate of People Aged 15 Years and Over
100
90
80
70 65.9 64.0
Percent of population
65.1 64.3
62.7
59.2 60.5 60.5
58.9 57.6
60 54.9 54.4
53.4 53.3
50.8 50.4 50.9
50 48.2
40
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Male Female
17

18. Years of Schooling of People Aged 15 Years and Over
6
5.1
4.8 4.9
5
4.6 4.6
4.4 4.4 4.3
4.1 4.2
4.0 4.0 3.9
4
Years of schooling
3.6 3.7 3.6
3.6
3.2
3
2
1
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Male Female
18

19. No Schooling of People Aged 15 Years and Over
70
60
51.8
48.6 49.4 49.4 48.3
50 46.4 45.9
44.5
41.4 42.4 42.3
40.5 39.5
40 37.8
Percent
35.9 36.2
33.9
32.4
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Male Female
19

20. Net Primary School Enrolment Rate of Children
100
88.9 91.3
90 85.6 85.4 86.8 86.4
82.6 83.5 82.1 83.0
82.1 80.7 81.4 79.4
80 77.5 77.2 78.0 77.7
70
60
Percent
50
40
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Boys Girls
20

21. Net Secondary School Enrolment Rate of Children
100
88.9
90
80 75.1 74.4 76.2
72.3 72.7 74.5 72.1
71.6
68.6
70 66.2 64.9 64.2 64.3 63.3
58.6
60 55.3
Percent
49.0
50
40
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Boys Girls
21

22. Principal Occupation of Household Head
50 47.5
45 43.3
40
Percent of households
35
30
25
20
15 12.3 11.7
11.2 11.4
10
4.7 4.1 4.3 5.1 4.6 4.0
5
0
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Farming Agriculture day laborer Non-agriculture day laborer
Business/trade Rickshaw/van puller Salaried
22

23. Households with Electricity Connection and Solar Panel
60 56.3
54.4
50.2 49.5
50 47.5
45.3
43.3 42.9
Percent of households
40
30 26.0
20
10.2
10 6.0 7.2
3.6 3.7 3.4
1.9 1.9 1.5
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Electricity Solar panel
23

24. Use of Kerosene as the Main Source of Lighting Fuel
80
70.7
70
60
Percent of households
54.5
51.8
48.8 48.0
50 45.1 45.7
43.7
40 37.2
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
24

25. Main Source of Cooking Fuel
80
70 67
60
Percent of households
53
50 47
43 44
39 38
40 36 37
34 35 35 35 36
31
30 27
24 24 24 22
18 19
20 16
14 15
10
10 6
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Firewood Dried cow dung Dried leaves/branches
25

26. Households with Functioning Mobile Phone
90
81.6
80 77.2
74.7 74.1 72.8
70.2 70.1 70.6
70 64.3
Percent of households
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
26

27. Households with Functioning Mobile Phone by
Income Groups: FTF Zone
100
90.2
90
83.3
80 77.3
71.4
Percent of households
70
60
51.5
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Per capita expenditure quintile
27

28. Households with Types of Latrine
70 66
60
60
53
Percent of households
48 49
50 47 46
44
40 37 38
28 28 29
30 25
25 24 25 25
20 21 19 19 19
20 17 17
10 9
10
0
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Kutcha Pucca (unsealed) Sanitary (water-sealed)
28

29. Participation in Social Safety Net Programs
30
24.6
25
22.7
Percent of households
20
15
10
6.3 5.7 6.4
5.1 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.4
5 4.3 3.7
2.0 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.3
1.5
0
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Primary school stipend School feeding Secondary education stipend
Old age allowance Allowance for widows Gratuitous relief
OMS VGD VGF
29

30. Targeting Effectiveness of Selected Safety Nets
60
50 49
Percent of households
40
353737
31 31
30 27 26 26 2525
24 24 23 24
23 23 22 22 22
21
19 18 19 20
20 18
16 16 15
1413 14
10 8 8 7
6 5
4 3
2
0
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Primary school stipend Secondary education stipend Old-age allowance
GR OMS VGD
VGF EGPP 30