1. CHANGES OF STATE

2. SOLID TO LIQUID
• MELTING
• HEAT (ADD ENERGY) - ENDOTHERMIC
• INCREASES KINETIC ENERGY
• INCREASES PARTICLE VIBRATIONS
• DECREASE FORCES OF ATTRACTION B/W PARTICLES
• DECREASE IN PARTICLE PATTERN – PARTICLES CAN SLIDE BY EACH OTHER

3. LIQUID TO SOLID
• FREEZING
• COOL (REMOVE ENERGY) - EXOTHERMIC
• LOWERS KINETIC ENERGY
• PARTICLES VIBRATE SLOWER
• FORCES OF ATTRACTION INCREASE
• INCREASE PATTERN OF PARTICLES – CAN’T SLIDE BY EACH OTHER

4. LIQUID TO GAS
• EVAPORATION
• HEAT LIQUID TILL IT BOILS (ADD ENERGY) - ENDOTHERMIC
• KINETIC ENERGY INCREASES
• VIBRATIONS INCREASE
• NO FORCES OF ATTRACTION
• NO PATTERN
• PARTICLES MOVE FREELY

5. GAS TO LIQUID
• CONDENSING
• COOL TILL GAS CONDENSES (REMOVE HEAT) - EXOTHERMIC
• KINETIC ENERGY DECREASES
• VIBRATIONS DECREASE
• FORCES OF ATTRACTION INCREASE
• PATTERN INCREASES
• PARTICLES ARE CLOSE TOGETHER BUT CAN SLIDE OVER EACH OTHER

6. SOLID TO GAS
• SUBLIMATION – UNUSUAL STATE CHANGE DIRECTLY FROM SOLID TO GAS -
ENDOTHERMIC
• KINETIC ENERGY INCREASES
• VIBRATIONS INCREASE
• NO FORCES OF ATTRACTION
• NO PATTERN
• PARTICLES MOVE FREELY
• EXAMPLES: “DRY ICE” SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE SUBLIMES TO GAS, IODINE

7. STATE CHANGE GRAPH
A. ALL SOLID
B. MELTING POINT – ALL ENERGY IS
GOING INTO BREAKING FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
C.All Substance is Liquid and Temperature begins to Rise
Again
D.Boiling Point - All Energy is Going Into Breaking Forces
of Attraction
E. All Substance is a Gas and Temperature begins to Rise
Again.