1. CHAPTER 4 : MATERIAL TESTING

2. INTRODUCTION
• Many parts are formed into various shape by
applying external forces to the workpiece.
• Material Testing is a test done to determine the
properties of a substance in comparison with a
standard or specification.

3. PURPOSE
• To determine quality of material
• To determine mechanical properties such as
strength, hardness, ductility, toughness, etc.
• To trace defects/ flaws in the materials.
• To evaluate materials potential in certain use.

5. STRENGTH HARDNESS ELASTICITY
PLASTICITY DUCTILITY TOUGHNESS
BRITTLENESS

6. DEFINITION
The strength of the material and of its
Ductility
resistance to scratching and to wear.
The ability of a material to have plastic
Plasticity deformation after applying a tensile load
before fracture.
Tendency of a material to fracture or fail upon
Toughness
the application of force, impact, or shock.
The ability of a material to return to its
Brittleness original shape after load is removed.
The ability of a material to withstand tensile
Hardness
force without fractured.
The ability of a material to withstand impact
Strength
force without fractured.
The ability of a material to deformed
Elasticity permanently and will not return to its original
shape after the load is removed.

8. DEFINITION
• Tests are carried out to the specimen's failure, in
order to understand a specimen's structural
performance or material behaviour under
different loads.

9. TYPES OF DESTRUCTIVE TEST
Destructive Test
Hardness Test Toughness Test
Brinell Test Brinell Test
Charpy Test Izod Test
Vickers Test Shore Test

10. BRINELL TEST
• Test procedure : Giving a force to a steel ball
against a test surface.

11. • Principe to measure hardness by Brinell test;
i) Thickness of the specimen should be at least 7
times the depth of penetration of the indenter.
ii) The location of penetration of the indenter
should be at least 3 diameters of the indenter
from the edge of the specimen.
iii) The test should not exceed 500HB due to the
indenter can undergoes elastic deformation.

12. D = steel ball diameter
(mm)
d = indent diameter (mm)
P/F = force (kg)

13. VICKERS TEST
• Test procedure : Indenting the test surface with
a pyramid diamond indenter.

14. d2
d1
d = d1 + d2
2
HV = 1.8544 F
d2

15. ROCKWELL TEST
• Test procedure : Press indenter onto the
material surface, first with a minor load and
then with major load.
i) A minor load is applied and a zero reference
position is established
ii) The major load is applied for a specified time
period.
iii) The major load is released leaving the minor
load applied.

16. E = a constant depending
on form of indenter HR = ( E – e )
e = increase in depth of
penetration (mm)

17. SHORE TEST
• Test procedure : Drop a diamond tipped
hammer onto the specimen from a certain
height.
• The hardness is related to the rebound of the
indenter ( the higher the rebound, the harder the
material).