SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 115
8  Ordinary Construction
Objectives  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Objectives  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Classifying Ordinary Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Know the Pronunciation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
New Load-Bearing Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Limits ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Exclusive Classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Characteristics of Ordinary Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Bearing and Nonbearing Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Wood Beam Floor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Void Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Effective Fire Separation ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Height of Masonry Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Monadnock Building in Chicago ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Newer Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Construction Terms  (1 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Construction Terms  (2 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Construction Terms   (3 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Construction Terms  (4 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Renovation and Restoration of Ordinary Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Historical Case Example:  Brown Merrill Building ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Renovations in  Existing Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Preservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
The Owner’s Rights ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Recent Construction  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Wood Flourishes ,[object Object],8
Desire for Wider Spans ,[object Object],8
General Problems of  Ordinary Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Discovery of Hazard  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Discovery of Hazard  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Ordinary Constructed Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Clues to Disaster ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Problems with Specific Types of Walls and Wall Components Hollow or Cavity Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Hollow or Cavity Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Sheet or Foamed-In-Place Plastic Insulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Hollow Walls of Hollow  Terra Cotta Tile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Masonry Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Cast Iron ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Lintels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Imitation Brick ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Structural Stability of  Exterior Masonry Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],8
General Collapse Indicators  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
General Collapse Indicators (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Bricks and Mortar  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Wood Beams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Cracks ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Arches ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Wall Weaknesses  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Wall Weaknesses  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Steel Lintels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Bracing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Eccentric Loads ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Unvented Voids ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Planes of Weakness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Effects of Interior Structural Elements and Building Contents on an Exterior Wall  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Effects of Interior Structural Elements and Building Contents on an Exterior Wall  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Effect of Fire Streams  on Brick Walls  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Interior Structural Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Planning for Collapses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire-Resistive  Combustible Assemblies ,[object Object],[object Object],8
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interior Structural Support Systems of Columns, Beams, and Girders  (1 of 2) 8
Interior Structural Support Systems of Columns, Beams, and Girders  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Deficiencies of Material  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Deficiencies of Material  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Connections in  Ordinary Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Beam-to-Girder Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Beam-to-Beam Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Beam-to-Column Connections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Cast-Iron Columns ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Interior Suspended Loads ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Floors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Light Well  ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Flooring Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Floor Collapse ,[object Object],8
Roofs  ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Characteristics of Conventional Wood Roofs (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Characteristics of Conventional Wood Roofs  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Roof Hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Roofs Supported on  Heavy Wood Beams ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Energy Conservation and  Rapid Completion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Making Use of Natural Light ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Ventilation Tactics ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Excess Live Loads ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Equipment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Modern Roofs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Lightweight Wood Truss Roofs  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],8
Lightweight Wood Truss Roofs  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],8
Bowstring Truss Roofs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Treated Plywood Roofs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Void Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Interior Sheathing ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Light Smoke Showing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Ceiling Spaces  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Joist Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Combustible Gases  in Void Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Large Voids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Extension ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Interior Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Voids in Mixed Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Cornices and Canopies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Barriers  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire Doors ,[object Object],[object Object],8
Protection from Exposure  (1 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Protection from Exposure  (2 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Protection from Exposure  (3 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Protection from Exposure  (4 of 4) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Party Walls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Fire-Ground Safety ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Summary  (1 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],8
Summary  (2 of 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],8

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

3. Arrangements of Means of Egress
3. Arrangements of Means of Egress3. Arrangements of Means of Egress
3. Arrangements of Means of EgressSadiq Alam
 
Building Services Report
Building Services ReportBuilding Services Report
Building Services ReportDavidJPCChai
 
Building Services: Elderly care center services
Building Services: Elderly care center servicesBuilding Services: Elderly care center services
Building Services: Elderly care center servicesEuxuan Ong
 
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGSCASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGSHafizMasri
 
Building Services Project 1 - Summit Mall
Building Services Project 1 - Summit MallBuilding Services Project 1 - Summit Mall
Building Services Project 1 - Summit MallAh Jun
 
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E Antea Group
 
Building service-final-report
Building service-final-reportBuilding service-final-report
Building service-final-reportkimberlywjs
 
MITEC : Building Service System
MITEC : Building Service System MITEC : Building Service System
MITEC : Building Service System chiwunloi
 
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)Ong Seng Peng Jeff
 
Building Service Final Report
Building Service Final ReportBuilding Service Final Report
Building Service Final ReportIvy Yee
 
Building Service Chapter 2
Building Service Chapter 2Building Service Chapter 2
Building Service Chapter 2Izam Lukman
 
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildings
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildingsFire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildings
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildingsFerit Fazliu
 
Mooc smm substructure_2
Mooc smm substructure_2Mooc smm substructure_2
Mooc smm substructure_2Azizan Supardi
 
Building services
Building servicesBuilding services
Building servicesJy Chong
 
Building services report
Building services report Building services report
Building services report Soh Shing
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

3. Arrangements of Means of Egress
3. Arrangements of Means of Egress3. Arrangements of Means of Egress
3. Arrangements of Means of Egress
 
Building Services Report
Building Services ReportBuilding Services Report
Building Services Report
 
Building Services: Elderly care center services
Building Services: Elderly care center servicesBuilding Services: Elderly care center services
Building Services: Elderly care center services
 
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGSCASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
 
Building Services Project 1 - Summit Mall
Building Services Project 1 - Summit MallBuilding Services Project 1 - Summit Mall
Building Services Project 1 - Summit Mall
 
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E
 
Building service-final-report
Building service-final-reportBuilding service-final-report
Building service-final-report
 
MITEC : Building Service System
MITEC : Building Service System MITEC : Building Service System
MITEC : Building Service System
 
1 Fire safety design principles
1  Fire safety design principles1  Fire safety design principles
1 Fire safety design principles
 
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)
Building Service Project 2 Year 2016 (Taylors University Lakeside Campus)
 
Ct1 assignment
Ct1 assignmentCt1 assignment
Ct1 assignment
 
Building Service Final Report
Building Service Final ReportBuilding Service Final Report
Building Service Final Report
 
Working drawings
Working drawingsWorking drawings
Working drawings
 
Building Service Chapter 2
Building Service Chapter 2Building Service Chapter 2
Building Service Chapter 2
 
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildings
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildingsFire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildings
Fire safety-in-high-rise-apartment-buildings
 
Mooc smm substructure_2
Mooc smm substructure_2Mooc smm substructure_2
Mooc smm substructure_2
 
Building Services Case Study
Building Services Case StudyBuilding Services Case Study
Building Services Case Study
 
Dry riser system
Dry riser systemDry riser system
Dry riser system
 
Building services
Building servicesBuilding services
Building services
 
Building services report
Building services report Building services report
Building services report
 

Andere mochten auch

Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill ConstructionCh 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Constructionsnoshoesam
 
Ch 9 Noncombustible Construction
Ch 9 Noncombustible ConstructionCh 9 Noncombustible Construction
Ch 9 Noncombustible Constructionsnoshoesam
 
Building construction
Building constructionBuilding construction
Building constructionLlyod cassidy
 
Type iv building construction FINAL
Type iv building construction FINALType iv building construction FINAL
Type iv building construction FINALBrianna Mason
 
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and DemolitionCh 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolitionsnoshoesam
 
Ch 01 Introduction
Ch 01 IntroductionCh 01 Introduction
Ch 01 Introductionsnoshoesam
 
Ch 02 Concepts of Construction
Ch 02 Concepts of ConstructionCh 02 Concepts of Construction
Ch 02 Concepts of Constructionsnoshoesam
 
Building Construction
Building ConstructionBuilding Construction
Building ConstructionWilden How
 
Designing buildings on the computer
Designing buildings on the computerDesigning buildings on the computer
Designing buildings on the computerEvan Designs
 
Type iv building construction
Type iv building constructionType iv building construction
Type iv building constructionBrianna Mason
 
Building construction
Building constructionBuilding construction
Building constructionDanny Jones
 
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazards
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and HazardsCh 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazards
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazardssnoshoesam
 
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturale
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturaleResponsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturale
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturaleMontagnoli evio
 
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and FutureChapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Futuresnoshoesam
 
X-LAM: costruire con il legno
X-LAM: costruire con il legno X-LAM: costruire con il legno
X-LAM: costruire con il legno federicarado
 
322 federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi
322   federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi322   federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi
322 federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivihttp://www.studioingvolpi.it
 
Ch 04 Building and Fire Codes
Ch 04 Building and Fire CodesCh 04 Building and Fire Codes
Ch 04 Building and Fire Codessnoshoesam
 
Sistemi Costruttivi X-Lam e Platforframe a Confronto
Sistemi Costruttivi  X-Lam e Platforframe a ConfrontoSistemi Costruttivi  X-Lam e Platforframe a Confronto
Sistemi Costruttivi X-Lam e Platforframe a Confrontogubyy
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill ConstructionCh 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
 
Ch 9 Noncombustible Construction
Ch 9 Noncombustible ConstructionCh 9 Noncombustible Construction
Ch 9 Noncombustible Construction
 
Building construction
Building constructionBuilding construction
Building construction
 
Type iv building construction FINAL
Type iv building construction FINALType iv building construction FINAL
Type iv building construction FINAL
 
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and DemolitionCh 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
 
Ch 01 Introduction
Ch 01 IntroductionCh 01 Introduction
Ch 01 Introduction
 
Ch 02 Concepts of Construction
Ch 02 Concepts of ConstructionCh 02 Concepts of Construction
Ch 02 Concepts of Construction
 
Building Construction
Building ConstructionBuilding Construction
Building Construction
 
Designing buildings on the computer
Designing buildings on the computerDesigning buildings on the computer
Designing buildings on the computer
 
Type iv building construction
Type iv building constructionType iv building construction
Type iv building construction
 
Building construction
Building constructionBuilding construction
Building construction
 
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazards
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and HazardsCh 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazards
Ch 12 Specific Occupancy Details and Hazards
 
Ch11 ppt
Ch11 pptCh11 ppt
Ch11 ppt
 
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturale
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturaleResponsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturale
Responsabilità dei professionisti per opere in legno strutturale
 
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and FutureChapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter 01-American Fire Service: Past, Present, and Future
 
Chapter 1
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Chapter 1
 
X-LAM: costruire con il legno
X-LAM: costruire con il legno X-LAM: costruire con il legno
X-LAM: costruire con il legno
 
322 federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi
322   federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi322   federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi
322 federlegno arredo-abaco_particolari_costruttivi
 
Ch 04 Building and Fire Codes
Ch 04 Building and Fire CodesCh 04 Building and Fire Codes
Ch 04 Building and Fire Codes
 
Sistemi Costruttivi X-Lam e Platforframe a Confronto
Sistemi Costruttivi  X-Lam e Platforframe a ConfrontoSistemi Costruttivi  X-Lam e Platforframe a Confronto
Sistemi Costruttivi X-Lam e Platforframe a Confronto
 

Ähnlich wie Ch 8 Ordinary Construction

Ch 10 Fire-Resistive Construction
Ch 10 Fire-Resistive ConstructionCh 10 Fire-Resistive Construction
Ch 10 Fire-Resistive Constructionsnoshoesam
 
Types of masonry walls
Types of masonry wallsTypes of masonry walls
Types of masonry wallsMohit Dwivedi
 
walls Construction.ppt
walls Construction.pptwalls Construction.ppt
walls Construction.pptjiteshdhule1
 
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptxNickPalmisano2
 
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdg
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdgMasonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdg
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdgSanjayExtreme
 
Ch 06 Wood Frame Construction
Ch 06 Wood Frame ConstructionCh 06 Wood Frame Construction
Ch 06 Wood Frame Constructionsnoshoesam
 
Masonry of Building
Masonry of Building Masonry of Building
Masonry of Building Yasir Hussain
 
Bonding in brickwork (1)
Bonding in brickwork (1)Bonding in brickwork (1)
Bonding in brickwork (1)CynthiaOchieng3
 
Tutor l1 the house
Tutor l1 the houseTutor l1 the house
Tutor l1 the houseLuke D'Arcy
 
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)Carmen Chan
 
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2Fire guidelines by nbc part 2
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2R821992
 
What is wall cladding (with pictures)
What is wall cladding  (with pictures)What is wall cladding  (with pictures)
What is wall cladding (with pictures)Shatabdi Mahanta
 
introduction to building materials.pdf
introduction to building materials.pdfintroduction to building materials.pdf
introduction to building materials.pdfnomnommonmon1
 
Visual dictionary Sp10stain
Visual dictionary  Sp10stainVisual dictionary  Sp10stain
Visual dictionary Sp10stainSp10stain
 

Ähnlich wie Ch 8 Ordinary Construction (20)

Ch 10 Fire-Resistive Construction
Ch 10 Fire-Resistive ConstructionCh 10 Fire-Resistive Construction
Ch 10 Fire-Resistive Construction
 
Finishingworks.pptx
Finishingworks.pptxFinishingworks.pptx
Finishingworks.pptx
 
Masonary wall
Masonary wallMasonary wall
Masonary wall
 
Types of masonry walls
Types of masonry wallsTypes of masonry walls
Types of masonry walls
 
walls Construction.ppt
walls Construction.pptwalls Construction.ppt
walls Construction.ppt
 
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx
2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint.pptx
 
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdg
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdgMasonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdg
Masonry Structures dfgfdgfgfgbnnvgdfdsfdffdg
 
Ch 06 Wood Frame Construction
Ch 06 Wood Frame ConstructionCh 06 Wood Frame Construction
Ch 06 Wood Frame Construction
 
Masonry of Building
Masonry of Building Masonry of Building
Masonry of Building
 
Lintels and arches
Lintels and archesLintels and arches
Lintels and arches
 
Bonding in brickwork (1)
Bonding in brickwork (1)Bonding in brickwork (1)
Bonding in brickwork (1)
 
Tutor l1 the house
Tutor l1 the houseTutor l1 the house
Tutor l1 the house
 
the house
 the house the house
the house
 
Concrete block
Concrete blockConcrete block
Concrete block
 
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)
Post Mortem Design Report (featuring Building Structures)
 
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2Fire guidelines by nbc part 2
Fire guidelines by nbc part 2
 
Masonry part 3
Masonry part 3Masonry part 3
Masonry part 3
 
What is wall cladding (with pictures)
What is wall cladding  (with pictures)What is wall cladding  (with pictures)
What is wall cladding (with pictures)
 
introduction to building materials.pdf
introduction to building materials.pdfintroduction to building materials.pdf
introduction to building materials.pdf
 
Visual dictionary Sp10stain
Visual dictionary  Sp10stainVisual dictionary  Sp10stain
Visual dictionary Sp10stain
 

Mehr von snoshoesam (20)

Chapter 14
Chapter 14Chapter 14
Chapter 14
 
Chapter 13
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Chapter 13
 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Chapter 12
 
Chapter 11
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Chapter 11
 
Chapter 09
Chapter 09Chapter 09
Chapter 09
 
Chapter 08
Chapter 08Chapter 08
Chapter 08
 
Chapter 07
Chapter 07Chapter 07
Chapter 07
 
Chapter 06
Chapter 06Chapter 06
Chapter 06
 
Chapter 05
Chapter 05Chapter 05
Chapter 05
 
Chapter 04
Chapter 04Chapter 04
Chapter 04
 
Chapter 03
Chapter 03Chapter 03
Chapter 03
 
Chapter 02
Chapter 02Chapter 02
Chapter 02
 
Chapter 01
Chapter 01Chapter 01
Chapter 01
 
Chapter 10
Chapter 10Chapter 10
Chapter 10
 
Chapter 13
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Chapter 13
 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Chapter 12
 
Chapter 11
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Chapter 11
 
Chapter 10
Chapter 10Chapter 10
Chapter 10
 
Chapter 8
Chapter 8Chapter 8
Chapter 8
 
Chapter 7
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Chapter 7
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101 - Basics on Growth Marketing
Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101  - Basics on Growth MarketingTech Startup Growth Hacking 101  - Basics on Growth Marketing
Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101 - Basics on Growth MarketingShawn Pang
 
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdf
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdfEvent mailer assignment progress report .pdf
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdftbatkhuu1
 
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsCash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsApsara Of India
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Roomdivyansh0kumar0
 
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxMonthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxAndy Lambert
 
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Tina Ji
 
BEST ✨ Call Girls In Indirapuram Ghaziabad ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...
BEST ✨ Call Girls In  Indirapuram Ghaziabad  ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...BEST ✨ Call Girls In  Indirapuram Ghaziabad  ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...
BEST ✨ Call Girls In Indirapuram Ghaziabad ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...noida100girls
 
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageInsurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageMatteo Carbone
 
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdfRenandantas16
 
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurVIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurSuhani Kapoor
 
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaBest Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaShree Krishna Exports
 
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.Aaiza Hassan
 
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...Roland Driesen
 
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116 - With room Service
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116  - With room ServiceCall Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116  - With room Service
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116 - With room Servicediscovermytutordmt
 
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 DelhiCall Girls in Delhi
 
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSMMonte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSMRavindra Nath Shukla
 
Pharma Works Profile of Karan Communications
Pharma Works Profile of Karan CommunicationsPharma Works Profile of Karan Communications
Pharma Works Profile of Karan Communicationskarancommunications
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesDipal Arora
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101 - Basics on Growth Marketing
Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101  - Basics on Growth MarketingTech Startup Growth Hacking 101  - Basics on Growth Marketing
Tech Startup Growth Hacking 101 - Basics on Growth Marketing
 
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdf
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdfEvent mailer assignment progress report .pdf
Event mailer assignment progress report .pdf
 
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call GirlsCash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
Cash Payment 9602870969 Escort Service in Udaipur Call Girls
 
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With RoomVIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130  Available With Room
VIP Kolkata Call Girl Howrah 👉 8250192130 Available With Room
 
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptxMonthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
 
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
Russian Faridabad Call Girls(Badarpur) : ☎ 8168257667, @4999
 
BEST ✨ Call Girls In Indirapuram Ghaziabad ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...
BEST ✨ Call Girls In  Indirapuram Ghaziabad  ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...BEST ✨ Call Girls In  Indirapuram Ghaziabad  ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...
BEST ✨ Call Girls In Indirapuram Ghaziabad ✔️ 9871031762 ✔️ Escorts Service...
 
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usageInsurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
Insurers' journeys to build a mastery in the IoT usage
 
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
 
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service JamshedpurVIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
VIP Call Girl Jamshedpur Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Jamshedpur
 
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in IndiaBest Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
Best Basmati Rice Manufacturers in India
 
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.M.C Lodges --  Guest House in Jhang.
M.C Lodges -- Guest House in Jhang.
 
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
VVVIP Call Girls In Greater Kailash ➡️ Delhi ➡️ 9999965857 🚀 No Advance 24HRS...
 
Nepali Escort Girl Kakori \ 9548273370 Indian Call Girls Service Lucknow ₹,9517
Nepali Escort Girl Kakori \ 9548273370 Indian Call Girls Service Lucknow ₹,9517Nepali Escort Girl Kakori \ 9548273370 Indian Call Girls Service Lucknow ₹,9517
Nepali Escort Girl Kakori \ 9548273370 Indian Call Girls Service Lucknow ₹,9517
 
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
 
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116 - With room Service
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116  - With room ServiceCall Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116  - With room Service
Call Girls in Gomti Nagar - 7388211116 - With room Service
 
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi
9599632723 Top Call Girls in Delhi at your Door Step Available 24x7 Delhi
 
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSMMonte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
 
Pharma Works Profile of Karan Communications
Pharma Works Profile of Karan CommunicationsPharma Works Profile of Karan Communications
Pharma Works Profile of Karan Communications
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
 

Ch 8 Ordinary Construction

  • 1. 8 Ordinary Construction
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85.
  • 86.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 89.
  • 90.
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 93.
  • 94.
  • 95.
  • 96.
  • 97.
  • 98.
  • 99.
  • 100.
  • 101.
  • 102.
  • 103.
  • 104.
  • 105.
  • 106.
  • 107.
  • 108.
  • 109.
  • 110.
  • 111.
  • 112.
  • 113.
  • 114.
  • 115.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. © Richard Thornton/ShutterStock, Inc.
  2. Photo courtesy of David K. Staub
  3. © Photos.com
  4. © Photos.com
  5. © REUTERS/Chip East/Landov
  6. © MitarArt/ShutterStock, Inc.
  7. © Naomi Marois/ShutterStock, Inc.
  8. © zastavkin/ShutterStock, Inc.
  9. © tatiana sayig/ShutterStock, Inc.
  10. © Thomas Nord/ShutterStock, Inc.
  11. © Albert Barr/ShutterStock, Inc.