Java Script basics and DOM

Sukrit Gupta
sukritgupta91@gmail.com

• Invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape, in1995.
• JavaScript is a programming language designed for Web pages.
• JAVASCRIPT is used to maintain BEHAVIOR of the document.
• JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to improve the
design, validate forms, detect browsers, create cookies, and
much more.
• JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the
internet, and works in all major browsers, such as Internet
Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Netscape, Opera.
• JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute
without preliminary compilation)
• Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license
• Unlike HTML, JavaScript is case sensitive.

 Requires the JDK to create  Requires a text editor
the applet
 Required a browser that can
 Requires a Java virtual interpret JavaScript code
machine to run the applet
 JavaScript can be placed
 Applet files are distinct from
the HTML code within HTML and XHTML

 Source code is hidden from  Source code is made
the user accessible to the user
 Programs must be saved as  Programs cannot write
separate files and compiled content to the hard disk
before they can be run
 Programs run on the client
 Programs run on the server side
side

• JavaScript code is included within <script> tags:
• <script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<h1>Hello World!</h1>") ;
</script>
• Notes:
• The type attribute is to allow to use other scripting languages (but
JavaScript is the default)
• This simple code does the same thing as just putting <h1>Hello
World!</h1> in the same place in the HTML document
• The semicolon at the end of the JavaScript statement is optional.
• We need semicolons if you put two or more statements on the
same line.

• JavaScript can be put in the <head> or in the <body> of an HTML
document
• JavaScript functions should be defined in the <head>
• This ensures that the function is loaded before it is needed
• JavaScript in the <body> will be executed as the page loads
• JavaScript functions can be put in a separate .js file
• <script src="myJavaScriptFile.js"></script>
• Put this in the <head>
• An external .js file lets us use the same JavaScript on multiple
HTML pages
• The external .js file cannot itself contain a <script> tag
• JavaScript can be put in an HTML form Object, such as a button
• This JavaScript will be executed when the form object is used

• Some old browsers do not recognize script tags
• These browsers will ignore the script tags but will display the included
JavaScript
• To get old browsers to ignore the whole thing, use:
<script type="text/javascript">

</script>
• The , the // starts
a JavaScript comment, which extends to the end of the line
• Some users turn off JavaScript
• Use the <noscript>message</noscript> to display a message in place
of whatever the JavaScript would put there

Manipulating HTML Elements Writing to The Document Output
• <p id="demo">My First
• <h1>My First Web Page</h1>
Paragraph</p>
<script>
<script> document.write("<p>My First
document.getElementById("demo" JavaScript</p>");
).innerHTML="My First </script>
JavaScript";
</script>

• Variables are declared with a var statement:
• var pi = 3.1416, x, y, name = "Dr. Dave" ;
• Variables names must begin with a letter or underscore
• Variable names are case-sensitive
• Variables are untyped (they can hold values of any type)
• The word var is optional
 Variables declared within a function are local to that function
(accessible only within that function)
• Variables declared outside a function are global (accessible from
anywhere on the page)

• Dynamic Typing - Variables can hold any valid type of value:
– Number … var myInt = 7;
– Boolean … var myBool = true;
– Function …var fname= function() { ……. };
– Object …... var person={firstname:"John", lastname:"Doe", id:5566};
– Array ……. var myArr = new Array();
– String …….var myString = ―abc‖;
– … and can hold values of different types at different times during
execution.

Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators

Comparison Operators Logical Operators

Alert Box Confirm Box
 A confirm box is often used if we
An alert box is often used if we want the user to verify or accept
want to make sure information something.
comes through to the user.
 When a confirm box pops up, the
When an alert box pops up, the user will have to click either "OK" or
user will have to click "OK" to "Cancel" to proceed.
proceed.
<script>alert("Hello World!")</script>  If the user clicks "OK", the box
returns true. If the user clicks
"Cancel", the box returns false.
• <script>confirm(―Sure??")</script>

• Prompt Box
• A prompt box is often used if we want the user to input a value .
• When a prompt box pops up, the user will have to click either "OK"
or "Cancel" to proceed after entering an input value.
• If the user clicks "OK―, the box returns the input value. If the user
clicks "Cancel―, the box returns null.
• <script> var name=prompt("Please enter your name","Harry");</script>

• „if‟ statement
• if ( boolean statement ) {…} else {…}
• „switch‟ statement
• switch ( myVar ) {
• case 1: // if myVar is equal to 1 this is executed
• break;
• case “two”: // if myVar is equal to “two” this is executed
• break;
• case default: // if none of the cases above are satisfied OR if no
• // „break‟ statement are used in the cases above,
• // this will be executed
• }

• The For Loop
• SYNTAX: for (start; condition; update) {JavaScript
Commands}
• start is the starting value of the counter.
• condition is a Boolean expression that must be true for the loop to
continue
• update specifies how the counter changes in value each time the
command block is executed
• Example for (var i=0; i<4; i++) { j++; }
• The While Loop
• SYNTAX: while (condition) { JavaScript Commands}
• condition is a Boolean expression that can be either true or false
• Example while (var i<=10) { j++; i++;}
• The Do While Loop
• SYNTAX: do statement while (condition);

• Functions should be defined in the <head> of an HTML page, to ensure
that they are loaded first
• The syntax for defining a function is:
function fname(arg1, …, argN) { statements }
• The function may return value.
• Any variables declared within the function are local to it.
• The syntax for calling a function is just
name(arg1, …, argN)
• Simple parameters are passed by value, objects are passed by
reference
• Function names are case-sensitive.
• There is no limit to the number of function parameters that a function
may contain.

•

• An object is just a special kind of data, with properties and methods.
• Almost everything in JavaScript is an Object: String, Number, Array,
Function, image.... Ex document.bgcolor document.write(‖Hello");
• document is the object. is the object.
document
• bgcolor is the property. method.
write is the
• We can also create our own objects:
• SYNTAX: { name1 : value1 , ... , nameN : valueN }
• EXAMPLE: car = {myCar: "Saturn", variant: "Mazda", special: Sales}
• Example use: document.write("I own a " + car.myCar);

• Using new:
• var course = new Object(); • Using a constructor:
course.number = "CIT597";
• function Course(n, t) { // best placed in <head>
course.teacher = "Dr. Dave";
this.number = n; // keyword "this" is required,
this.teacher = t; //not optional
}
• var course = new Course("CIT597", "Dr. Dave");

•

• Events are actions that occur usually as a result of something the user
does. For example, clicking a button is an event, as is changing a text
field or moving the mouse over a hyperlink.
• We write our scripts so they execute by reacting to events within a web
browser.
• Since events are at the heart of JavaScript programming, we need a way
to detect events. We do that by using built-in event handlers …
• Eg: Click, change, focus, load, mouseover, mouseout, reset, submit.
<input type=―button‖ onClick=―javascript:doButton()‖>
• //calls function when button is clicked.
<body onLoad=―javascript:init()‖>
• //calls function when page is loaded.

•

• DOM stands for Document Object
Model.
• It is a platform and language-neutral
interface that allows programs and
scripts to dynamically access and
update the content, structure, and style
of a document.
• The HTML DOM defines a standard for
accessing and manipulating HTML
documents.
• DOM is a tree of Objects
• Contents can be modified or deleted
• New elements can be created and
inserted into the DOM Tree

• The document object is the JavaScript interface to the DOM of any HTML
page.
• Accessing elements:
– By name
• document.getElementsByTagName(‗td')[indexOfColumn];
• –By ID
• document.getElementById('id');
• – Walk the DOM Tree
• document.childNodes[0].childNodes[1].childNodes[4];

•

• JavaScript provides some limited, persistent storage, called
cookies:
•– Data is stored in a text file on the client
•– name=value
•–Multiple values are delimited by a semicolon
• Use sparingly. There are limits (generally):
•– Up to 300 cookies per browser, 20 cookies per web server, and 4 KB of data
per cookie
• Don‘t depend on cookies—users can block or delete them.

• By default, cookies are destroyed when the browser window is
closed, unless we explicitly set the expires attribute.
• – To persist a cookie, set the expires attribute to a future date.
• – To delete a cookie, set the expires attribute to a past date.
• By default, cookies can only be read by the web page that wrote
them unless we specify one or more of these attributes:
• – path – allows more than one page on the site to read a cookie.(default value:
/)
• – domain – allows multiple servers to read a cookie.
• -name – An identifier by which we reference a particular cookie.
• -value – The information we wish to save, in reference to a particular cookie.
• -expires – A GMT-formatted date specifying the date (in milliseconds) when a
cookie will expire.
 SYNTAX to create a cookie:
• document.cookie = "username=" + who + ";‖ + "expires=" + expDate.toGMTString();+
―path=/‖

• Difficult because the language is interpreted.
• – No compiler errors/warnings.
• – Browser will try to run the script, errors and all.
• Make each line as granular as possible (use variables).
• Use alerts to get values of variables and see which lines are not
getting processed.
• When testing form validation, set the action attribute to a dummy
HTML page—not the server-side form. If you get the page, the
script works.
• Try add-on like Firebug to detect problem.
• JavaScript is not totally platform independent
• – Expect different browsers to behave differently
• – Check whether the browser supports the functionality or not.

Java Script basics and DOM

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie Java Script basics and DOM

Ähnlich wie Java Script basics and DOM (20)

Mehr von Sukrit Gupta

Mehr von Sukrit Gupta (8)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Java Script basics and DOM