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3.3 electron configuration
- 2. ModelsModels • 1st model of the atom – Rutherford “plum pudding” • Next model – Bohr, 2 years later – Introduced the idea of energy levels • The difference between 2 energy levels is a quantum of energy.
- 3. Present ModelPresent Model • Orbitals are like clouds. – Show areas where electrons are likely to be found. • Like the propellers on an airplane or helicopter.
- 4. Light is a Wave…Light is a Wave… • Light travels in waves. • 2.998 x 108 m/s • ROYGBIV • Different colors have different energies. – Blue end is more energetic than the red end of the spectrum.
- 5. Light is a particle?Light is a particle? • Einstein said light is a particle. – Observed the photoelectric effect. • When light strikes metal, electrons are released. – This only happens at certain frequencies.
- 6. Light EmissionLight Emission • When energy is absorbed, electrons can move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. • Electrons cannot maintain the higher state and fall back to their lower level. When this happens they release the energy they absorbed. – Produces light.
- 7. StateState • Ground State – State of lowest possible energy – Where e- normally are • Excited State – Where e- moves when energy is absorbed – Can’t stay… – Emits light when falls back to ground state
- 8. Energy LevelsEnergy Levels • s – Can contain only 2 e- • p – Can contain 6 e- • d – Can contain 10 e- • f – Can contain 14 e-
- 9. Aufbau PrincipleAufbau Principle • The aufbau (German for “building up”) principle tells us the order to follow when writing energy levels and the e- they contain. • The next slide is extremely important.
- 11. PracticePractice Write electron orbital configurations for the elements below: 5 e- 27 e- 18 e- 19 e- 23 e- Stop and go to doc-cam
- 12. AnswersAnswers B 1s2 2s2 2p1 Co 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7 Ar 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 K 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 V 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
- 13. Electrons & the Periodic TableElectrons & the Periodic Table • The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number (# of p+). • Each element is 1 proton and electron higher than the one before it. • It is an acceptable shortcut to write the electron configuration for larger elements by noting the symbol of the noble gas on the previous line before it followed by the remaining orbitals. • ???
- 14. ExamplesExamples • Oxygen 1s2 2s2 2p4 can be written as [He] 2s2 2p4 • Br 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 can be written as [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5