Evaluation of glyphosate loss from a maize traited field La Jaillière : french experimental site

1. Evaluation of glyphosate loss from a
maize traited field
La Jaillière : french experimental site
Benoît Réal, Julie Maillet-Mezeray
Brussels march 23th 2010

2. Experimental plots
La
Jaillière
Representative of the western part of France
11 plots with different rotations but no repetition
Surface of the plots : 0.5 to 1 ha
Type of soil : hydromorphic loam with 22 % of
clay and 2.2 % of organic matter Non-drained Plot
Substratum : schist at 0.80 depth m Drained Plot
Annual average rainfall: 750 mm Recording Station
Annual average quantity of water drained : 220 Runoff Collectors
mm Ditch
Grass buffer strip
⇒More than 15 000 datas concerning 68 active ingredients
⇒770 datas on glyphosate and AMPA

3. Datas collection
Flow
Rain water
Water from drainage and run off
Sunshine
Temperature
Practices : Applications (dates, doses)
Solar Panel
Data Acquisition Unit
Soil Surface
Automatic Sampler
Runoff / Drainage water Inlet
Waste
Flow meter

4. Experimental trials on glyphosate.
Round up Ready use simulations
3 plots
3 drained, 3 with run off,
2 ploughing, 1 no tillage
Years of study: 4
Application period: June
No GM maize
Special sprayer

5. Evolution of concentrations of glyphosate, AMPA and
drained water quantity.
mm Draining water. Plot T7 (drainage / ploughing) µg/l
50 1.6
No drainage
45 During Just after 1.4
40 drainage drainage RR practices
1.2
35
19/03/2009 1
30 720 g/ha
04/06/2009
04/04/2006 720 g/ha 1215 g/ha
25 01/06/2006 1080 g/ha 0.8
13/06/2008 1080 g/ha 19/06/2009
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 26/06/2008 1080 g/ha 1215 g/ha
06/03/2002 10/03/2004
20 720 g/ha 720 g/ha 0.6
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
15 03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
0.4
10
0.2
5
0 0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Immediate transfer of glyphosate and AMPA when application during
draining period: 2002 : 0.002% of applied quantity.
⇒ RR practices: No transfer in june. Low transfer of glyphosate and AMPA in
October / November
⇒ AMPA transfer lower than glyphosate ones

6. Evolution of glyphosate, AMPA's flows
accumulations and drained water quantity.
Draining water. Plot T7 (drainage / ploughing).
During Just after
mm m g/ha
1200
drainage drainage RR practices 16
14
19/03/2009
1000 720 g/ha
04/06/2009
1215 g/ha
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
19/06/2009
12
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha 13/06/2008 1080 g/ha
1215 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 26/06/2008 1080 g/ha
06/03/2002 10/03/2004
800
720 g/ha 720 g/ha
10
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
600 8
6
400
4
200
2
0 0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Drained water quantity (mm) Application Glyphosate's flow mg/ha AMPA's flow mg/ha
⇒ Flow / Applied quantity: 0.00012 % during the whole experimentation.
⇒ Lower with RR practices.

7. Evolution of concentrations of glypohosate,
AMPA and drained water quantity.
mm
Drained water. Plot T8 (drainage / no tillage). µg/l
50 1.6
45 Just after
1.4
drainage RR practices
40
1.2
35
19/03/2009
720 g/ha 1
30
13/06/2008 02/06/2009
04/04/2006 720 g/ha 1080 g/ha 1215 g/ha
25 26/06/2008 19/06/2009 0.8
10/03/2004 01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 1080 g/ha 1215 g/ha
720 g/ha 16/03/2007
20 720 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha 0.6
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
15 14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
0.4
10
0.2
5
0 0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Same pattern in no tillage.
⇒ RR practices: transfer >0.001 % of applied quantity.

8. Evolution of flows accumulations of glyphosate,
AMPA and drained water quantity.
Draining water. Plot T9 (drainage/ploughing/buffer strip 2004)
mm µg/l
50 First degradation after 1.6
application
45
Application 2 1.4
RR practices years before.
40
1.2
35
19/03/2009 1
30 720 g/ha
04/06/2009
04/04/2006 720 g/ha 1215 g/ha
25 13/06/2008 1080 g/ha 0.8
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha 19/06/2009
26/06/2008 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 1215 g/ha
06/03/2002 10/03/2004
20 720 g/ha 720 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha 0.6
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
15 14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
0.4
10
0.2
5
0 0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Same transfer pattern

9. Evolution of concentrations of glyphosate, AMPA
and run off water quantity.
Run off water. Plot T8 (run off / no tillage).
mm Just after drainage RR practices µg/l
3.0 1.80
1.60
2.5 04/04/2006 720 g/ha 13/06/2008
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha 1080 g/ha
1.40
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 16/03/2007 26/06/2008
10/03/2004 720 g/ha 1080 g/ha
720 g/ha
2.0 1.20
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
19/03/2009
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
720 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
02/06/2008 1.00
1.5 1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha 0.80
1.0 0.60
0.40
0.5
0.20
0.0 0.00
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Run off water (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Same pattern of transfer
⇒Concentrations can be higher than in drainage but always below PNEC
(60 g/l; AFSSA opinion)

10. Evolution of flows accumulations of glyphosate,
AMPA and run off water quantity.
mm
Run off water. Plot T8 (run off / no tillage). mg/ha
60.0 7.0
Just after drainage
6.0
50.0
RR practices
5.0
40.0
19/03/2009 4.0
720 g/ha
30.0 02/06/2009
13/06/2008
04/04/2006 720 g/ha 1215 g/ha
1080 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha 19/06/2009 3.0
26/06/2008
10/03/2004 08/06/2006 1080 g/ha 1215 g/ha
1080 g/ha
720 g/ha 16/03/2007
20.0 720 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha 2.0
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
10.0
1.0
0.0 0.0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
Lame d'eau (mm) Application Flux glyphosate mg/ha Flux AMPA mg/ha
⇒ Higher concentrations than in drained water but, lower flows
⇒ Drained plots : more transfers in drainage water than in run off water.

11. Average glyphosate transfer by drainage and
average applied rates.
Flows (mg/ha)
Various application periods.
Doses (g/ha)
1200 3500
Etiquettes de données : Nombre
d'analyses
3000
1000
39
2500
800
2000
600
1500
400 15
1000
200
500
19
4 11 3
0 0
September October February March beginning mid-March April
Average transfered flow Average applied doses
⇒ When soil is watersatured (winter until mid-March),
the transfers of glyphosate are possible and more important.

12. Synthesis of all the results
Western france - hydromorphic loam
Without drainage network, transfers of glyphosate could
be important: up to 100 % detections in runoff water,
concentration peak up to 50 g/L,
maximum flow up to 5 g/ha.
With drainage network, transfers of glyphosate are less
important: up to 70 % detections,
concentration peak 12 g/L,
maximum flow 1.5 g/ha.
When the soil is watersatured (winter until mid-March),
transfers of glyphosate are possible and more
important.

13. Synthesis of all the results
Western france - hydromorphic loam
The applications of glyphosate in may - june (RR
practices) don’t cause immediate transfers by
drainage or runoff
Drainage and runoff during the autumn after RR
applications of glyphosate don’t cause important
transfer of glyphosate and AMPA
Results in term of concentration, flow and kinetics to be
confirmed in other soil and climatic conditions

14. ARVALIS experimental sites dedicated to the
pesticide transfers
Thibie : 28 lysimeters
Geispitzen
3 plots :
runoff
La Jaillière 11 plots :
drainage and runoff
LSE : 26 lysimeters
Le Magneraud
14 lysimeters
Parisot 3 plots : drainage
runoff
Auradé 4 plots : runoff