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Wireless Ad Hoc Networking Lecture Notes
1. Wireless Ad Hoc Network
Done By
Sultan A. Al-Ghamdi (200335210)
Feras Al-Shahwan (200323750)
•http://www.tutorialspoint.com
•http://en.kioskea.net
•http://www.tomax7.com
•http://www.tutorialspoint.com
•http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu
•http://www.computingunplugged.com
•http://en.wikipedia.org
•http://www.computingunplugged.com
•http://common.ziffdavisinternet.com
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Electrical Engineering Department
EE 400 – Communication Networks
2. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
3. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
5. Introduction
What is Ad hoc Networks?
Peer to peer communication by use of Wi-Fi
technology without passing through an access
point (AP)
6. Introduction
Why Ad hoc Networks?
No infrastructure needed
Can be deployed quickly, where there is no
wireless communication infrastructure present
Can act as an extension to existing networks
Cost-effective
Adaptive computing and self-configuring
7. IEEE802.11 standards
Wi-Fi 802.11a/g)
Wi-Fi (802.11b)
Freature
Wireless LAN
Wireless LAN
Primary Application
2.4 GHz ISM (g) 5 GHz U-NII(a)
2.4 GHz ISM
Frequency Band
20 MHz
25 MHz
Channel Bandwidth
Half
Half
Half/Full Duplex
OFDM (64-channels)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Radio Technology
<=2.7 bps/Hz
<=0.44 bps/Hz
Bandwidth Efficiency
BPSK, QPSK,16-, 64-QAM
QPSK
Modulation
Convolution Code
None
FEC
Optional- RC4 (AES in 802.11i)
Optional- RC4 (AES in 802.11i)
Encryption
In development
In development
Mobility
Vendor Proprietary
Vendor Proprietary
Mesh
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CA
Access Protocol
8. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
10. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
12. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
13. Datalink layer
Functions
Ensures that data is transferred correctly
between adjacent network nodes
Detect and correct errors that may occur in the
Physical layer.
Protocols
The Logical Link Control layer (LLC)
provides multiplexing and flow control mechanisms that make it
possible for multi network protocols to correlate with multipoint
network
The Media Access Control layer (MAC)
The carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance method
(CSMA/CA)
Point Coordination Function (PCF)
14. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
15. Network Layer
Functions
performs the process of exchanging
information from one node to the other
nodes of the network.
Protocols
Pro-active routing protocol (table-driven)
on demand routing protocol
Adaptive routing (situation-aware)
Flooding routing protocol
Deflection routing protocol
16. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and
Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
17. Transport Layer
Functions
The purpose of this layer is manipulating two processes
in two different nodes.
Protocols
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP is a message-based connectionless protocol.
no effort to set up a reserved end-to-end connection.
Communication is done by transmitting information in one
direction
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP is a connection oriented service
TCP Provides reliable byte stream between two processes in two
different machines.
Sequence number is attached to keep a track to ingoing and
outgoing packets.
TCP protocols ensure that the data transfer is guaranteed.
18. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure
Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
19. April 2, 2024 19
Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure
Network Topologies
Scalability:
To scale up a wireless infrastructure network, the number of APs
is increased to expand the coverage area or to increase the
capacity
In ad hoc networks, it depends on the routing protocol
Flexibility:
Operation of infrastructure networks is very expensive
Ad hoc network is very flexible
Controllability:
Infrastructure network centrally controlled and synchronized
In ad hoc networks there is no centralized administration
Therefore, infrastructure network is more controllable than ad
hoc
20. April 2, 2024 20
Routing Complexity:
In ad hoc network, each node must act a router. There is a need for
routing algorithms that directs the info to the appropriate next hop
This problem does not exist in infrastructure network
Coverage:
In ad hoc, coverage of the network is an issue of concern
The max distance between two nodes is the max transmission range
of the nodes
In infrastructure network, two nodes communicate through AP
The max distance is twice range of the coverage of a single wireless
modem
Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure
Network Topologies
21. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure
Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
22. April 2, 2024 22
Applications and future implantation
Personal area networking
cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch
Military environments
soldiers, tanks, planes
Civilian environments
taxi cab network
meeting rooms
sports stadiums
boats, small aircraft
Emergency operations
search-and-rescue
policing and fire fighting
23. OUTLINE
Introduction
IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure
Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion
24. Conclusion
Ad hoc network is infrastructure
less networks
Based on Wi-Fi technology
Good solution for temporary
application
Cost efficient.