This document contains 35 questions about lower respiratory tract infections covering topics such as: 1. The types of lower respiratory tract infections and the infections that affect the trachea/bronchi and lungs. 2. The pathogenesis, types (e.g. acute, chronic), and causative agents of conditions like bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. 3. The laboratory diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections including specimen collection and processing, microscopy, culture, and antigen/antibody detection tests.

1. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Questions
1. Name the Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
2. Name the Infections of trachea and bronchi
3. Name the Infections of lungs
4. Describe the Pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections
5. What is Bronchitis and name different types?
6. What is Acute bronchitis ? Name causative agents
7. What is Chronic bronchitis ? Name causative agents
8. What is Chronic Bronchiolitis? Name causative agents
9. What is Tracheitis?
10. What is Tracheobronchitis? Name causative agents
11. What is pneumoniae?
12. Describe Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations of pneumonia
13. Describe about following types of pneumonia and its causative agents
a. Lobar pneumonia:
b. Bronchopneumonia:
c. Atypical pneumonia:
d. Community-acquired pneumonia:
e. Hospital-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia:
f. Aspiration pneumonia:
14. What is Pneumocystis carinii?
15. What is Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
16. What are Cold agglutinins?
17. What is Lung abscess? Name causative agents
18. What is Empyema
19. Write a note on Tuberculosis (TB)
20. What are different types of sputum samples for the diagnosis of LRTI?
21. What are the other specimens collected for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections?
22. What are the problems if there is delay in processing of sputum sample? How can you prevent this?
23. Describe how will you collect sputum for culture?
24. What are the different types of Microscopic examination of sputum specimen? What is its use?
25. What is the need of digestion of Sputum specimen and how will you do it?
26. Describe the Laboratory Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections
27. What are the culture media used for sputum culture? What its use?

2. 28. What are the other specialized media used for sputum culture in special scenario if requested by the
doctor?
29. How will you do Interpretations of Gram stain report of sputum?
30. How will you quantify organisms in the gram stained sputum smear?
31. What are the uses of Gram stain of sputum? Explain
32. How will you interpret sputum culture result?
33. What are the difficulties in sputum Culture and how will you solve this problem?
34. What are the common antigen detection tests used in the diagnosis of LRTI?
35. What are the common Antibody detection tests used in the diagnosis of LRTI?
Essay:
1. Write an essay on Lower Respiratory Tract Infections