History of the cold war Cold War FINAL2.pptx

INTRODUCTION
The Cold War marks the next significant phase in
World History, and the one with the greatest
imapct on the modern world.
It is in essence the Third World War, with nothing
less than the state of all life on the planet in the
balance.

Ultimately, you will need to
decide the causes and the
results of each point of the
war, and decide how these
events impact our modern
world.
ANALYZE
To understand the Cold
War, you will need to look
at the opposing forces and
compare their problems
and objectives.
Both sides used political
narratives to further their
cause. It will be nessecary
to look into the truth behind
the opposing narratives.
COMPARE
RESEARCH
STUDY OBJECTIVES

THE BIG IDEAS
ESPIONAGE
This war was
fought in the
shadows, with
spies and
assassins
01
TREACHERY
Alliances shifted
constantly, with
much of the
Third World
changing sides
02
MAD
Mutually-Assured
Destruction was
the policy that
kept the peace
by threatening
nuclear
annihilation
03
PROXY
WAR
Both Cold War
powers used
other nations to
fight the war,
rather than risk
open conflict
04

PHASE THREE
The final years of the war
03
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PHASE ONE
The End of WW2, and the
evolution of the War
01
PHASE TWO
The Cold War escalates to
new levels
02
POST WAR
The world after the war’s
end
04

PHASE ONE
01
1945-1953
1945 - 1991

COLD WAR FIRST PHASE
The divison of the
city, and the Iron
Curtain
BERLIN
The fall of China and
the rise of Hong Kong
CHINA
An alliance made to
protect the remaining
nations
NATO
Our first proxy
conflict begins
KOREA
An alliance of
Communist forces
WARSAW
PACT

1945-
1959
Early Soviet wins, and the new World Order
1945 - 1991

THE EUROPEAN
WAR ENDS
In spring 1945, Soviet and American troops
were inexorably moving towards each other,
smashing the remains of the Third Reich
from opposite directions.
When the Soviet 5th Guards Army
commanded and the U.S. First Army of met
on the Elbe, they effectively cut Germany in
half, dealing a mortal blow to what was left
of the Wehrmacht and SS troops.
This event officially ends the European part
of WW2.

POTSDAM
CONFERENCE
The leaders of the victorious countries met
at Potsdam in July, 1945.
At Yalta, the Allies had attempted to
persuade Joseph Stalin to join in the war
with Japan. By the time the Potsdam
meeting took place, they were having doubts
about this strategy.
Since their last meeting in Yalta, the USA had
successfully tested the Atom Bomb.
Truman's advisers were urging him to use
this bomb on Japan.

THE NEW
ORDER
The purpose of the Potsdam Conference was
to settle the post-war peace beforehand, so
as not to have the same problems that arose
after WW1.
The US also hoped that they could curb the
imperial designs that Stalin might have
towards Eastern Europe, and were hoping to
have the nations he liberated regain their
independence.
Stalin, of course, had other ideas, but at the
Conference, he seemed to be amenable to
most of the suggestions.

A PICTURE IS WORTH
A THOUSAND WORDS

STALIN AND
THE BOMB
When Truman first told Stalin about the
bomb, he seemed not to understand how big
an acheivement it was.
In truth, Stalin was already aware of the
bomb project, having learned about it
through espionage long before Truman did.
Churchill and Truman both agreed not to
share any of the weapon technology for the
bomb with Stalin.

THE PACIFIC
WAR ENDS
In an attempt to end the war in the Pacific
without a costly invasion of Japan, the US
dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6
and 9, 1945 respectively.
A uranium gun-type atomic bomb named Little
Boy was dropped on Hiroshima.
When Emperor Hirohito did not heed President
Truman’s call for surrender, the US dropped a
plutonium implosion-type bomb named Fat Man
on Nagasaki.
The Japanese surrendered on September 2nd.

A NUCLEAR
AGE
The invention of nuclear
weapons changes everything.
It is now possible to kill millions
of people with a single weapon.
If a nation has enough nuclear
weapons, it has the power to
exterminate entire civilizations in
a matter of minutes.

WHAT IS A “COLD WAR?”
“Hot” wars are typical wars, using military means to achieve
political objectives.
A Cold War is a war by other means – using politics,
economics, and espionage to destroy your enemies.
These methods are used because traditional “hot” wars
have become too risky.

WHY NOW?
At the time, the world’s military forces were fully mobilized, and direct
confrontation meant another long and destructive conflict Russia
wasn’t sure it could win.
After the Japanese surrender, the nuclear bomb changed the
calculations against direct conflict again.
If anyone used military might against the United States or its allies, the
US could always choose to use their nuclear weapons, effectively
ending the war.

A BIPOLAR
WORLD
At the end of the War, the United States
was the only nation that had not been
ravanged by war. It also had a powerful
economy and nuclear weapons.
The Soviet Union was the largest land
empire in the world (after Potsdam), and
had the most powerful traditional army.
Power shifted from the traditional
multipolar system that had dominated
the world forever into a world controlled
by these two “superpowers.”

THE IRON
CURTAIN
Stalin refused to allow fair elections in the
areas occupied by the USSR, effectively
making them communist countries.
He then makes moves to limit
communications between the USSR and
other nations, allowing him to control the
people and limit information about his new
regime.
This creates an “Iron Curtain” that separates
the Communist nations of the East from the
rest of the Western powers.

THE TRUMAN
DOCTRINE
Faced with an increasingly hostile Soviet
Union, and coming to terms with the
idea that Communist revolutions were
being financed by the USSR, Truman
issued his first major foreign policy
decision of the Cold War.
The Doctrine states that the US should give
support to countries or peoples
threatened by Soviet forces or
Communist insurrection.
The doctrine was seen by the Communists
as an open declaration of the Cold War.

The Fall of
China
In 1949, Chinese Communist forces led by
Mao Zeddong entered Beijing, declaring the
country to be a communist nation.
The former government of the Republic of
China, led by Chiang Kai-shek, fled the nation
for the island of Taiwan, setting up a
government in exile there.

NATO
In 1949, Western European nations, combined
with Canada and the United States, formed the
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
• Belgium,
• Canada,
• Denmark,
• France,
• Iceland,
• Italy,
• Luxembourg,
• the Netherlands,
• Norway,
• Portugal,
• United Kingdom
• United States.

Korean War
The Korean War was fought between North Korea
and South Korea from 1950 to 1953.
North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet
Union while South Korea was supported by the
United States and allied countries.
Korea was the first war to use NATO forces in
combination.
This was part of a larger strategy of containment –
the goal of stopping the growth of communist
power in the world.

After NATO forces pushed across the
Yang-Tze River, Chinese military forces
began to advance to support the North
Koreans.
Fearful of an escalation against both
China and the USSR, the President of the
United States recalled General Douglas
MacArthur, and negotiated a temporary
case-fire that set the borders of North and
South Korea.
The Korean War is technically still going
on, but the cease-fire remains in place as
long as the terms have not been violated.

Russia Goes
Nuclear
The Soviets successfully tested their first
nuclear device, called RDS-1 or “First
Lightning” (codenamed “Joe-1” by the United
States), at Semipalatinsk on August 29,
1949.
This knowledge becomes public after the
Korean war begins, but NATO was aware of it
before the conflict officially started.
This was considered a major deterrent to
MacArthur’s desire to use nuclear weapons.

The Warsaw
Pact
The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense
treaty established by the Soviet Union and
seven other Soviet satellite states in Central
and Eastern Europe.
It was created on 14 May 1955, as a direct
response to NATO.

Death of Stalin
In October of 1952, Joseph Stalin died of a
stroke in his office.
This left a huge gap in leadership – most of
the competent ledership in Riussia had
already been killed, and the remaining
members of the Committee had been
selected for loyalty instead of competence.

PHASE TWO
02
The Cold War Escalates
1945 - 1991

COLD WAR PHASE TWO
The Creation of the
Berlin Wall
BERLIN
WALL
The First Close Call
CUBAN MISSILE
CRISIS
America’s Second
Conflict
VIETNAM
A move away from
Containment
DETENTE
An alliance of
Communist forces
SALT
TREATIES
The Next Middle-East
Adventure
Egypt-Israel
War

MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction
The Cold War enters a new phase during this
time period, where either side was capable of
using nuclear weapons to achieve their goals.
If neither side could possibly survive a nuclear
war, neither side would start one.
Having enough thermonuclear weapons to hit
every possible enemy target at the same time,
as well as destroying all life on the planet in
the aftermath.

THE NEW BOSS
This left the USSR with either no leader or a
weak leader for most of President
Eisenhower's first term.
Nikita Khrushchev finally rises to the top.
He was a former Commissar during WW2, and
fought against German forces in Stalingrad.
He was considered funny and occasionally
clueless, but also very loyal and brutal.

CUBAN
REVOLUTION
In 1959, Fidel Castro finally led Cuban
Communist forces into Havanna, overthrowing
the government and replacing it with a
communist regime under his control.
For the first time, the US had a communist
nation on its hemisphere.
Khrushchev hoped to use this new country as a new
“base” to threaten the United States, and the US
knew it.

THE TSAR
BOMBA
In 1960, the USSR dropped the largest hydrogen bomb ever constructed by man – the Tsar
Bomba.
The explosion from the bomb was so massive that it reached into the stratosphere.
The bomb was meant as a way for the Soviet Union to influence the American election, by
making the Republicans look weak on communism.
This election was considered important for the USSR, because Nixon was considered a
strong-anticommunist, while the hope was that an inexperienced Kennedy would be easier to
bully and control.

THE HYDROGEN
BOMB
Stalin refused to allow fair elections in the
areas occupied by the USSR, effectively
making them communist countries.
He then makes moves to limit
communications between the USSR and
other nations, allowing him to control the
people and limit information about his new
regime.
This creates an “Iron Curtain” that separates
the Communist nations of the East from the
rest of the Western powers.

DEFENSE CONDITION
1- Global Thermonuclear War
2- Armed Forces ready to deploy
and engage in less than 6 hours
3- Air Force ready to mobilize in 15
minutes.
4- Increased intelligence watch and
strengthened security measures
5- Normal Readiness

THE BERLIN WALL
The same year, Krushchev ordered the
construction of a massive 70-mile wall
that would separate East and West
Berlin.
The Wall was built to keep the people in,
not keep Imperialists out.
The USSR was having a hard time
keeping talented people in the Soviet
Union. More and more of the
professional class was defecting to the
West, and that was leading to a loss in
scientific and technological innovations.

The 1961
election
Son of wealthy gangster Joe
Kennedy.
War Hero
Interested in changing the face of
American politics
More interested in social reform
than the Cold War.

EARLY
CONFRONTATIONS
As good an American politician as Kennedy
was, he was very new to the Cold War.
He took personal insult to comments made
by Khrushchev less than three months into
his office.
He saw the General Secretary as a bully and
a thug, and was looking for a way to put him
in his place.

JUPITER - 2
In an effort to box in Khrushchev, Kennedy
orders the deployment of 200 Jupiter-2
nuclear ballistic missiles (MRBM) in
Greece and Turkey.
This gave the US the ability to launch
missiles into the USSR in a matter of
minutes instead of hours.
Khrushchev was at first worried – he could
see no way of stopping the deployment
that would not lead to war.

THE BAY OF
PIGS
The CIA proposed staging a coup to overthrow Castro.
The plan involved three elements: Armed rebels, trained
Expatriated Cubans from Florida, and US air support for the
invasion.
At the last minute, the President withheld air support from
the rebels, fearful of being discovered by the Soviets.
The rebels and the trained Cubans were slaughtered by
Castro’s forces.

Khrushchev Sees
A Chance
The bay of Pigs proved to Khrushchev
that Kennedy was weak.
He saw this as an opportunity to place
nuclear missiles in Cuba.
This would give the USSR a first strike
capacity that the US would never be
able match.
It could end the Cold War with a Russian
victory.

VIETNAM
The wars in southeast Asia continued.
Kennedy claimed that Vietnam would be the
tripwire for Soviet advancement, and not Laos
as previously claimed by Eisenhower.
Throughout 1961 and 1962, The US promised
Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem that he
would enjoy the full support of the United
States.
Diem was a ruthless dictator, but he was
strongly anticommunist. The US had pledged
support in line with the Domino Theory – any
friendly leader was better than a communist
leader.

VIETNAM
During his administration, Kennedy continued
policies that provided political and economic
support, and military advice and support, to
the South Vietnamese government.
He increased the number of military advisors
and special forces in the region by late 1963,
but he was reluctant to order a full-scale
deployment of troops.
“It’s their war; they are the ones who’ll have to
win it or lose it.”

KENNEDY
ASSASSINATES
In 1963, Kennedy ordered the assassination
of Ngo Dinh Diem, and his replacement,
General Dương Văn Minh, was instated with
American approval .
He argued that any American-backed leader
would be an improvement on Diem, and that
he couldn’t in good conscience deal with
dictators, even against the communists.
The communist faction took advantage of
this, making gains into South Vietnam while
the government was weakened.

KENNEDY
ASSASINATED
Also in 1963, Kennedy was assassinated
outside a book repository in Dallas, Texas
while attending an election event for members
of the Democratic party.
The Soviet Union was worried at first that they
would be targeted by the US as engineering
the assassination, and even offered to help
with the investigation.
The US refused the offers, and Lyndon Baines
Johnson was instated at the new President.

A NEW POLICY
Johnson was less hesitant about war against
communists in Vietnam than Kennedy had been.
He believed that a war against communism would
make him popular at home, allowing him to make
progress with his Great Society policies.
In addition, his advisors thought that a Korea-style
war would increase America’s power in Asia,
checking Russia and China.
But without a reason, this couldn’t be sold to the
American people.

Brezhnev
In August of 1964, Khrushchev is replaced
as General Secretary of the Soviet Union
by Leonid Brezhnev.
The Soviet Union’s mounting economic
problems increased the pressure on
Khrushchev.
Brezhnev was interested in reigning in the
USSR’s commitments and trying to rule
with a powerful nuclear arsenal and fear.

Georgy Malenkov
Actual successor to Stalin as head of the
Central Committee, Malenkov was a weak and
stupid man.
At the insistence of the rest of the Presidium,
he relinquished control over the party
apparatus in exchange for remaining Premier
and first among equals within the Soviet
collective leadership.
Throughout his political career, Malenkov's
personal connections with Vladimir Lenin
significantly facilitated his ascent within the
ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union. By
1925, he was entrusted with overseeing the
party's records.

METHODOLOGY
Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
MERCURY Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place. It’s full of iron
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet
TYPE OF DATA
MOTIVES
DATA COLLECTION
SPECIFIC SAMPLING

NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Follow the link in the graph to modify its
data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
US USSR
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold planet
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
5,408 4,674
40%
Venus has a
beautiful name
ACTIVE
1950 1960 1970 1980
ACTIVE WEAPONS BY YEARS
IN USSR AND US
Neptune is very far
away from us
INACTIVE 60%

Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
NEPTUNE MARS
MERCURY
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
JUPITER
CONCLUSIONS
1947 - 1991

COLD WAR TIMELINE
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
FALL OF
USSR
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold planet
VIETNAM
WAR
EARSTEN
BLOC
1945 1955 1991

COLD WAR FIRST PHASE
Mercury is the
smallest planet
WARSAW
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
BERLIN
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
CHINA
Saturn is the ringed
one and a gas giant
KOREA
Neptune is very far
from the Sun
SUEZ
Neptune is far away
from us
HUNGARY

AN IMAGE
REINFORCES
THE CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it

THE “THREE WORLDS”
Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
2nd WORLD
Pluto is now considered
a dwarf planet
1st WORLD
The Moon is Earth’s only
natural satellite
3rd WORLD

COLD WAR: SECOND PHASE
Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings
HUNGARY
SECOND
PHASE OF
THE COLD
WAR
The Sun is the star at the
center of the Solar System
ENGLAND
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
FRANCE
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold place
CUBA
Neptune the farthest planet
from the Sun
POLAND
Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest planet
TAIWAN

Pluto is now considered
a dwarf planet
234
The Sun is the star
around which we orbit
783
Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
467

BIBLIOGRAPHIC
REFERENCES
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
1947 - 1991

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System, it’s
only a bit large
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet
in the Solar System. It's the fourth-brightest
object in the night sky
MERCURY
JUPITER
1947 - 1991

3 Jan - 20 Mar
6 Feb - 30 Apr
21 May - 30 Jun
SCHEDULE
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
TASK DESCRIPTION DATE STATUS
TASK 1 Mars is actually a cold place Jan 3 - Mar 20 Completed
TASK 2 Mercury is the smallest planet Feb 6 - Apr 30 In progress
TASK 3 Venus has a beautiful name May 21 - Jun 30 Delayed
Saturn is a gas giant
TASK 3
Saturn is a gas giant
TASK 2
Neptune is far away from Earth
TASK 1

COLD WAR
THESIS
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History of the cold war Cold War FINAL2.pptx

History of the cold war Cold War FINAL2.pptx

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