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An Early History ofJefferson County: WHEN iowa is ‘THE wild WEST’,[object Object]
CARNEGIE,[object Object],HISTORICAL MUSEUM,[object Object],- an Iowa Century Museum -,[object Object]
PREHISTORY,[object Object]
Pleistocene,[object Object],Ice Age ,[object Object],Migration,[object Object]
Paleo-indians,[object Object],13,500–10,500 years ago,[object Object],Hunters & gatherers first occupy Iowa at ,[object Object], the end of thePleistoceneglacial period.,[object Object], IOWA is covered by tundra,                  ,[object Object],    coniferforests and ,[object Object],    deciduous forests. ,[object Object],Clovis Points,[object Object]
Mastodon (left) and mammoth (right) teeth ,[object Object],Tooth shapes of these 15,000 year-old molars indicate mastodons browse tree branches, while mammoths graze grasses. Fossils of these extinct Ice Age (Pleistocene) creatures resembling elephants have been widely found across Iowa.,[object Object]
St. Charles LANCE POINT    5000 B.C.,[object Object],ARCHAIC,[object Object],[object Object],Populations increase in Iowa despite a changing climate.,[object Object], In the Late Archaic (5,000–2,800 years ago) the climate becomes similar to modern. Larger populations create,[object Object],The Late Archaic sees the first  mound building in Iowa, as well as direct evidence of domesticated plants, and large, long-term settlements. ,[object Object],new subsistence strategies. ,[object Object]
Woodland  period,[object Object],1000 B.C. – 1000 A.D.,[object Object],Native Iowans shift away from hunting & gathering. ,[object Object],  More domesticated plants come into use . . .,[object Object],. . . wild food is still important.  ,[object Object],Hand-built CERAMICS,  bows & arrows, burial mounds and evidence of political and social hierarchy become common at Iowa Woodland sites.,[object Object]
Bob Hall, circa 1980,[object Object],Banner Stones and ceremonial flint blades he dug as a boy from burial mounds on the home farm  c. 1915.,[object Object]
EARLY  RECORDED  HISTORY,[object Object]
1673,[object Object],1st recorded Europeans in Iowa, ,[object Object],Jesuit Father Marquette ,[object Object],& Louis Joliet ,[object Object],Last voyage of the CARNEGIE MUSEUM’s Birch bark canoe, paddled by Bill Kay- Van Buren County . . . . . . October 1969,[object Object]
1803 Louisiana Purchase,[object Object],4 April 1804,[object Object],Lewis & Clark,[object Object],mention the,[object Object],IOWAY in ,[object Object],their journal.,[object Object],The Carnegie  Museum,[object Object],has seventy-five artifacts of a type  referred to in ,[object Object],the expedition  records.,[object Object]
The Ioway,[object Object],Chief Mahaska of Iowaville,[object Object],McKinney & Hall diplomatic portrait,[object Object],Iowaville, an Ioway village on the Des Moines River near Ottumwa. The Ioways live there between about 1770 ,[object Object],and 1824. They hunt, trap, farm, & trade . . . and . . . defend themselves against other groups.,[object Object],1836 relocation of the Ioways from Western Missouri to Wolf River, Kansas. ,[object Object],Corporate Charter of the Iowa Tribe of the Iowa Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska -- Ratified June 19, 1937,[object Object]
Black  Hawk  war,[object Object],Both Abraham Lincoln and early Jefferson County settlers serve in the Illinois Militia . . . . . . 1832.,[object Object],The U.S. Army moves the Sauk Indian tribe from Illinois to Iowa. The Sauk have run-ins with the native Iowaysand don't like Iowa.    Chief Black    Hawk leads them back to plant their old fields. ,[object Object],Seeing  Indians on their land, white settlers panic & shoot    two Indians dead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black Hawk retaliates.,[object Object]
Black Hawk Purchase,[object Object]
Keokuk & his favorites :,[object Object],Horse     Wife 	Son,[object Object],Circa 1910 litho reproductions of portraits by George Catlin,[object Object]
Black Hawk,[object Object],George Catlin pays scant,[object Object],homage to Keokuk’s old rival.,[object Object]
Sac & Fox Elder,[object Object],By George Catlin,[object Object],Catlin is most famous for documenting tribes of the Great Plains  ,[object Object],but spends a surprising amount of time painting in Eastern Iowa.,[object Object]
The  Mes-kwa-ki,[object Object],Meskwaki  means ,[object Object],“PEOPLE of the  ,[object Object],RED EARTH". ,[object Object],They are originally from Wisconsin.,[object Object],The French call them "Reynards" or foxes - the Sac (or Sauk) have,[object Object], a similar language . Both groups,[object Object], are  designated “Meskwaki “,[object Object],by the federal government. ,[object Object],The Meskwaki come to Iowa in the mid 1800s after wars with various European settlers & other tribal  groups.  ,[object Object],The Treaty of  1842 relocates them to Kansas.   Chief Poweshiek's band returns to Iowa and purchases settlement  land near Tama.  ,[object Object],Ribbon-work by Mrs. Bill Leaf, circa 1915,[object Object]
Pow-a-sheek,[object Object],McKinney & Hall  lithograph from an 1830’s oil portrait painted in Washington, D.C.,[object Object],Sauk & Fox War Dance,[object Object]
John  huff born 1811,[object Object],First man of European descent known,[object Object],      to visit Jefferson County in 1835 . . . makes 					barrels and fills ,[object Object],				  them with wild ,[object Object],			                    honey. $ $ $ $ $,[object Object], McCormick ,[object Object],Reaper 1834,[object Object],John Deere steel plow 1835,[object Object]
Breaking  sod,[object Object],Tough root system,[object Object]
The mysteriousiron cross,[object Object],The first settlers,[object Object],encounter it on,[object Object],a limestone  bluff,[object Object],near Libertyville.,[object Object],Bill Perry 1953,[object Object],As a Parsons College,[object Object],geology student, Bill,[object Object],finds  a hand–forged ,[object Object],iron spike embedded,[object Object],at the site.  This may,[object Object],be a cross fragment.,[object Object]
Pow-a-sheek,[object Object],encampment is near Lockridge in 1836 when William Coop is born.  He is the first pioneer child born in Jefferson County.,[object Object],William Coop & Friend  1981,[object Object],bronze statue by Christopher Bennett,[object Object]
John  Rush  Parsons  1840’s,[object Object],Plows six mile furrow  from his farm to Fairfield . . . . Now Highway 34 ,[object Object],Huge sod-breaking plow,[object Object],Eight yoke of oxen,[object Object],Judith Ward is a descendent.,[object Object]
The LINCOLN Romance,[object Object],In 1837, two years after ,[object Object],Ann’s death, Mrs. Rutledge ,[object Object],moves to Birmingham and brings this walking wheel with her. ,[object Object]
Bonnifield  cabin  1838,[object Object],Listed on the NATIONAL REGISTER of HISTORIC PLACES,[object Object],. . . where Nancy Bonnifield,[object Object],gives Fairfield its name in 1839.,[object Object],Restoration work 2005 ,[object Object]
Buffalo Hunt by George Catlin,[object Object],The last  sightings of American Bison in the wild ,[object Object],Buffalo Dance,[object Object],by Catlin,[object Object]
IowaStatehood 1846					,[object Object],Texas Statehood, December 29, 1845,[object Object],Iowa Statehood, ,[object Object],December 28, 1846,[object Object]
Joel turney,[object Object],Builds wagons for the “49ers”,[object Object],	        on their way to California . . . In1888he moves 				                                the business from,[object Object],Trenton, Iowa to,[object Object],FAIRFIELD.,[object Object]
Railway service  ,[object Object],1858 - Irish Catholic,[object Object],workers lay Fairfield’s ,[object Object],first  railway line.,[object Object]
1860,[object Object],The Wideawakes,[object Object],This flag is carried ,[object Object],in Jefferson County’s,[object Object],largest political rally. ,[object Object],Ink drawing by,[object Object],W. H. Jackson,[object Object],The torchlight parade sees 25,000 people in attendance.,[object Object]
– PATRIOTIC IOWA –,[object Object],From  Fairfield,[object Object],More Iowans serve per capita than any other state.,[object Object]
Lincoln Sat Here,[object Object],the President and Fairfield’s U. S. Representative,,[object Object],		           James Falconer Wilson, sit for,[object Object],Brady Studio portraits. ,[object Object],1862-,[object Object]
Lewis b. parsons, jr.    1818 - 1907,[object Object],1863 – Lincoln signs promotion to rank of Captain,[object Object],1865 – Lincoln, Grant & Stanton write testimonials,[object Object],          praising his work as  QUARTER MASTER .,[object Object]
!!You’ve  won!!,[object Object],It’s official.,[object Object],   Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee,   	              			   ,[object Object],     James F. Wilson calls on Lincoln at the White House ,[object Object]
Thomas  emersonMaplethorpe,[object Object],1849 - 1922,[object Object],walks from his farm near ,[object Object],Wellman to the Iowa City ,[object Object],train depot for this newspaper.,[object Object],Emigrated from England at age ten.,[object Object]
Our Congressman ,[object Object],rides theLINCOLNFuneral Train.,[object Object],1865   James F. Wilson,[object Object]
The Byrkits were Quaker Conductors ,[object Object],on the UNDERGROUND RAIL ROAD,[object Object],Archie,[object Object],Byrkit,[object Object],RIFLE,[object Object]
William Loudeninventor, 1841 - 1931,[object Object],McCormick,[object Object],Reaper 1834,[object Object],1867 LOUDEN Hay Carrier,[object Object],William Louden, the Cyrus McCormick,[object Object], of Jefferson County . . . . . . . . 30,000 custom barns on every continent, except Antarctica,[object Object]
Stephenson Coverlets,[object Object],the family shear,[object Object],the sheep, spin,[object Object], & dye the wool ,[object Object],Jacquard weave,[object Object]
1867,[object Object],synergy,[object Object],Louden Hay Carrier =,[object Object],BIGGER barns,[object Object],BIGGER barns = ,[object Object],More hay,[object Object],Split rails keep,[object Object],foraging  critters,[object Object],OUT !,[object Object],1870’s barbed wire keep,[object Object], BIGGER  herds IN !,[object Object]
Draft  horses,[object Object],By the 1880’s imported horses,[object Object], replace oxen. They are faster.,[object Object]
Early history of jefferson county, iowa 08 10
The end,[object Object],Mark  Shafer,[object Object],Carnegie Historical Museum,[object Object],25 August 2010,[object Object]
credits,[object Object],Carnegie Historical Museum,[object Object],AFairField by Susan Fulton Welty,[object Object],FairfieldattheTurnoftheCentury by Mark Shafer,[object Object],Maasdam Barns Preservation Committe,[object Object],Jefferson County Historic Preservstion Commission,[object Object],Wikipedia	GOOGLE Image Search,[object Object],Mrs. Gwen Wells	William Perry,[object Object],Bill Cay		Mrs. Vera Young,[object Object],Fairfield Public Library,[object Object],Keith Shafer		Mrs. Edith Jordan,[object Object],Jefferson County Heritage Trail,[object Object]
Early history of jefferson county, iowa 08 10
Early history of jefferson county, iowa 08 10
Early history of jefferson county, iowa 08 10
If  Illinois  is  the LAND  of  LINCOLN,,[object Object],Southeast Iowa is the land ,[object Object],of his shirt-tail relations,[object Object]
Early history of jefferson county, iowa 08 10

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