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Introduction
     to
 Apologetics:
Defending the Faith

    Stephen Russell
The Bible
  (Part 1)
What is the Bible?


Defining the Bible is pre-requisite to evaluating
             its trustworthiness
The Bible Defined
Old Testament
Old Testament

39 Books

Written in Hebrew & Aramaic
Pentateuch

First 5 Books of Old Testament
(a.k.a. The Torah)

         Genesis
         Exodus
         Leviticus
         Numbers
         Deuteronomy
Types of Writing in OT

Historical
Poetical
Prophetical
Septuagint
            a.k.a. LXX
septuaginta means “seventy” in Latin


        Greek translation of
       Hebrew Old Testament
Question:




How was Alexander the Great used by
   God to prepare the world for
           Christianity?
Answer:
                          th
Conquered known world in 4 century B.C.
        Roads
        Common culture
        Common language
New Testament
New Testament

27 Books
Written in Koine Greek
Types of Writing in NT

  Gospels
  Acts (Historical)
  Pauline Epistles
  Non-Pauline Epistles
  Revelation
Biblical Authorship
~40 men over 1600 years

OT: 1500 B.C. - 400 B.C.

 NT: 49 A.D. - 90 A.D.
The Apocrypha
Greek: “Those having been hidden away”
     Includes:
        1 & 2 Esdras
        Judith
        Wisdom
        Ecclesiasticus
        Prayer of Manasses
        1 & 2 Maccabees

     Not considered canonical by Judaism
Canonicity of the Bible
Apostolic Origin
Universal Acceptance
Liturgical Use
Consistent Message
The “Lost” Gospels
Gnosticism
Matter is evil

Spirit is good

Salvation comes from secret knowledge
(Gnosis)
Gnostic Gospels
Mary
 Thomas
   Judas
     Philip
       Truth

 Supposedly suppressed by Church
 at Council of Nicea (325 A.D.)
Council of Nicea
Convened to debate
nature and divinity of
Jesus

Subject of Gnostic
Gospels never came up
Problems with Gnostic Gospels
                    nd
   Authored during 2 century A.D. or later
  Not authored by apostles of close associates
  Not widely accepted within the Church
  Not used in liturgy
  Not consistent with canonical scripture
Questions?

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Introduction to Apologetics - Lesson 5