1. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Preview
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• Napoleon’s Rise to Power
• Emperor Napoleon
• Faces of History: Napoleon Bonaparte
• Map: Napoleon’s Empire
• Napoleon’s Policies
Napoleon’s Europe

2. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Reading Focus
• How did Napoleon rise to power?
• How did Emperor Napoleon come to dominate Europe?
• What were Napoleon’s most important policies?
Main Idea
1. Napoleon Bonaparte rose through military ranks to become
emperor over France and much of Europe.
Napoleon’s Europe

3. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Napoleon promised order and stability, pledging to uphold key reforms.
The French gave up some freedoms for peace and prosperity.
Napoleon Bonaparte, ruthlessly ambitious, rose from army captain to
ruler of France in a very short time. He took advantage of the turmoil of
the French Revolution.
• Napoleon, brilliant military leader
• In charge of French interior at 26
• Invaded Italy and Egypt
• Defeat by Admiral Horatio Nelson
kept from newspapers
• Became national hero
Opportunities for Glory Napoleon Seizes Power
• Directory weak and ineffective
• Fear of royalists and of European
opposition
• November 1799 coup d’état
• France to be led by Consulate
• Napoleon voted first consul, in
effect a dictator
Napoleon’s Rise to Power

4. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Summarize
What events led to Napoleon’s rise
to power?
Answer(s): stopped royalists from regaining
power, defended French interior, won battles in
Italy, kept borders secure, won territory for
France, covered up Battle of Nile, coup d'état

5. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Emperor Napoleon
Once France under control, Napoleon turned to Europe
• Napoleon crowns himself
– Submitted a plebiscite before voters
– Emperor Napoleon I
• Desire for empire
– Wanted to rule Europe and the Americas
– French expedition to Saint Domingue (Haiti today)
failed
– Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory and turned his
focus to Europe

6. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Napoleonic Wars Begin
• Extension of wars fought during the French Revolution,
would last a decade
• France dominant power in Europe
• French empire grew rapidly, but fell apart more quickly
• Nelson and British navy won Battle of Trafalgar off
coast of Spain
• Napoleon defeated Russian and Austrian troops at
Austerlitz
Quest to Conquer Europe

7. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
• “Nation of shopkeepers,” Great
Britain continued to defy
Napoleon
• Blockade prohibited French or
allied ships from trade with
Britain
• Britain required ships from
neutral countries to stop in
British ports
• War of 1812 one result
Continental System
• Troops to Portugal and Spain
• Spanish people revolted in
1808
• Great Britain stepped in to help
• Guerrilla war with Spanish kept
French busy
• Napoleon finally pulled out of
Spain
The Peninsular War

8. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
2. Mastered Most of Europe
• Through treaties, alliances, and victories in battle
• Controlled much of Europe by 1812
Rewarded Relatives
• Relatives put in power; brothers on thrones of Holland, Naples, and Sicily
• Sisters and stepson held powerful positions
Free of Control
• Great Britain remained an enemy
• Sweden, Portugal, and the Ottoman Empire escaped Bonaparte’s grip
Napoleon Dominates Europe

9. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3

10. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3

11. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Summarizing
What regions of Europe did
Napoleon dominate?
Answer(s): all nations except Great Britain,
Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire

12. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Church-State Relations
• Antireligious nature of French
Revolution over
• Concordat recognized influence
of Roman Catholic Church
Legal and Educational
• Napoleonic Code developed
• Order and authority over
individual rights
• Schools for government and
military positions
Economic Reforms
• Established the Bank of France
to regulate economy
• More efficient tax-collection
system
3.Legacy—Age of Napoleon
• Democratic ideas
• Equality before law,
representative system
• Spread of nationalism
Napoleon’s Policies

13. The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 3
Identify Cause and Effect
How did Napoleon’s reforms affect
French society?
Answer(s): Napoleon made some basic
revolutionary ideas part of the French
government.