1. 24/06157
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
9n:l{fi191cl
o ( Periodic table )
9ll:1{fi1
' sn:t{fitE (Periodic
I
dd
?til-lu6r{ 911:1{Yl
Y ctl .lv
r{ltljufitJ?o?mJooq,
u a dl1lY I
u n? mu rfr lcrn 5 lo: ?u: ?lJ5l E9ll{cl
va*iu4v
n1ila nu€uv1{tocINU9l mnalunan nu
rlo q rYu rTn? m s r s r on $1 6'6'u u u t r q ru r n n dt I I 0 r I E
irnrrgr o 4 i 4
o I fl nl : Yl t n n u?'l u fi 1 q o 1 u ? uN I n o {u I n m o v fl nu 1 lta u
,r
o va I Ul 9v 4 6l
o o o I dil il 9l 1, o {Ifi r E sr 1 ll cl I o Yl { ?I lJ 9l lfl o n ? I il ctv o ? n lu
4oq^lvACa
nl : fl nH r ua v 0 o o r GtN u gr 9r 1 { cl 1, o { 5 1 q u n? m u 1 fl 1 ctgl : o {
v ' io "^ Y 4'r1#ou.lumruaomil
oofitqnl{cl YINCINUgI oalufio{nl , s
Av
tou?nu
9tcl
table)
2. A E,'
? ? 9ll ul R 1 : uoil 9ll: l{fi 1
E
)u.s. z:eo Isf,uri ladv{fr{ tootuo'l:tuo{ (Jot urn
Wolfgan g Dobereiner) t r etso :rYu rfl un u,t. ndltifi'"
dr , < ia t 4r ul
rlqrilunqilGl av 3 filE lltoYltiun?l qoflltl?l:o lel:
tva
tro o(Triad) uu ar N2a ou glotJ fl 2 fl a1{lnnol n9{au ? n
v v -f, ^i L- ---e--,.
1' O { fi 1 n fi ? ll: n nu ri ? Yl Gtl N ?l I : 2 cu { fi 1 q il { crl il T 1{ O O U
q
.l 6Ydv
ilcrililnnaluna{nu
a,rle-rlUld
p1:ourrnl: oonailfi l9luo{lgloluo [:luo:
nailm 5191
il?a
ov9l01l
j
IQAU
4
il? a o v 9l 0il ta a u t 0 rl5 1
gl
ldvt
flilil?auoun?lllav
I
il1nfl?t
trTil
I Li
Na
K
6.9
23.O
39.1
6.9 + 39.1
)
23
Li NaK
3Jfr}IU9I
YAv
aarun6{flu
2 S
Se
Te
32.1
79.O
127.6
32.1 + 127.6
2
= 79.85
SSeTe
doA
tJflttu9l
YAv
flatunailnu
3. a)ul
pno{ fi14E ndl al Lelfir
ar,.id
lUfilmnnNowYt--
--q -q
-/
Ag Au FI{UU
oteruo66t
ly a) U 9/
nalgnu LFI t
unn{nd1
'Q"6l
saN?u [uutarna
N/ad
P ?{.fl. 2407 00?lu ultlaufl
(John Alexander Reina Newland) urrdlnqu'loirirrrqrurtiuwrru
,-ido^t'q
ilaaoverorl yrrLdr trnfr s ovfrauffindrutrqfi t ('lri:au n ffu
o A -{
q
rlnfllf,ou) o.{u
Na
K
Be
Mg
Ca
AI P CI
valAAd
n'l: 0 9ll:u{l9lltJfi?lNnot0ilu?llauo
I
1#1oi'6rtrn ca rvirfruq
4. 24106157
Fvr.s. z4t2 - zetl 6fivr? 6arluis rilutotatov'l tra
Yat6s uav g6Ea lavrri
nhrooi rratuo:riu oln
nr:fi nurtuu#uuuuoutqudt #rGutmqnrruiirfi'uruaa
o u er o N o
-l
n#o u'hJru r n o v vlu d r t r qfi arurTfi nr dr u o6'r
ffurfl udaslttJutotatov'l 6u fi'urfl u nqrE u ndr
ada
..nfly'l:ooon"
1 u ri r.r rTu'l sYfi n r : fi n u', u
"t
q fi f,u'l*ivr u'l dr r ri
tonrlutou rilu attnutduru (sc)
ronrovqfirfiuru rflu ttnat6uru (Gu)
tonrfidnou rflu roo{rrurfiuil(Ge)
I
nr: o 9lt: u {5 lq zu o {til u t9l toloT'l
4y r I I d 4
rltounvl:o.lHaluil:unl: tru SlEUl{ryuoil
il?aoverorururnndr rrsiodmrirrrnfi fi ru:aoveloN-;- --A-y €t A 3,n r __o, e) d llte,,
rios $Jo6uuunrrytqou fl-tilil:lu?lovoot:u'l l?
n :sulnu usi 6rTu'l ddrsr t: t{l fi I n'lurJoqflu
d 'rr',uurr*o{lilutfltatoY{
q
il: 1 n g rurJ lol nn 1: l{l fi 1q 1, o{tlJ ul(
5. 24t06t57
o?.Ft.24ss tau6 niu uqv{v{6a{ Ia'radEl
rin un fitrr6't n q:* td'd'uvru rirlas [aflos mo il
ua vuu'i1 [afl o u na ru fi ntr u#xt[u 6fi'ua ruffi
.
'0
l, 9)U 4'
6uo{fi1nrurnn'iraJ?aoYnail q{ [nqnt?€l{l614q
n1il rav avnoufi tfiuffu fisarruraauuri'flrprar
6110{r
LaJu tor ra uov{td'
elt:t{mqrloqriu
6. 24t06t57
en:r{rfirqlurloqrTu
' sn:t.ttrq'lurloqrTu Gusnril mvovnou au
ldlla.r4lc'
ttrilt[luurymdn (Main group) fi:o?rry A RU
r 4 lransition Ioumri A oyfi g ilatmry B ?{:O Transition [9lUl'1-. - --ci
trCIv B fi t Yrqi dauerru (Period) ovttilstflu
7 FIIU
A e.t r 6l e-, q,' cz - 4t
ra uovsrorutriu 83 o9l?'ltljufi lnnililusl:{fr
T
mryIA(Alkaline Metals)
te{
' fiU I A tJ Valence e
'tsi'trri -+ Li Na
I
:1
K Rb Cs Fr
II
rfl ularn v fi do.r'lefi osr plo I tfi u'lfl uri r#u ui-q
rdu ri r #u flr o tvloo tJ o I ffu n r : rfi o rJ
fr fi3 u I ffu o r n r q
4
n?tilTu
7. I
?lti II A (Atkaline earth)q,
ta{
' ttli II A N Valence e' :2
'tduri + Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra
rfiulurlrrYu
' ril u dr u il : v no u'1, o q ril 6o nla nfi nr a rru io l'lr rio s n i r
I
I,,IIJ I A(u
mqi vu A (Halosen)
' mqi vII A fi vut.n.. e- :7 'lsirrri
FCtBr
t--..J I
IAt
l--Y-
gas liquid solid
- lugrJ6a:vovtfl ufi u ororirl#srrs'lsi
- mrnog"lugrJnlooouovfi rJtvlsuri
o Hato gen : ri rl#tfi o rn6o (fiIa m r'hJ uvrud o v'lsirnfi ol
8. 24t06t57
I
?|il VIII A (Inertgas , Noble gas)U
rd
' firy vI[I A ti valence e- : 8
'lftrri + He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn
' He t#u : : qlu u o a e
u u : : q'lu ffi u flat o I rTnrl : v o t ri r
Iouarar.rffu o
o Ne 1#lunnoo'[v'l
' Ar ar6srYsfi ratryo{ 1#Ynurl:nilut5{
otavdc^dy4vld
o rrqlumry n rsruanu ovltoruunYtfldluna{nu mU IA,IIA,IIIA oYru
narrurilulamsuomrilvA - vIIIA ovfinerrutflrrulurrudufi,t.
c,ilv rdu a ffulumqjrdua fi'uo v fi vul.n.. e-rvit ffu uov rvir ffu dr6'u fi
tytll
,uo{lfitJ uRtiu He=2 l[gloufiil 8-- -_-ci - o g
. narrutflularnvlunrirdsaffuovrdufir,fiu tatouetotltfiufiu,,uig
nrrrurfluolaflvovaflCI{,du,ururruudu
' natrut{lulamv : nr:1#"-d61nir rc,#ou;
. narurfluolomv : nr:Yu.-'1661nir nN gs;
9. Fl'lLJ UO{9ll: l{fi -l{! (Period )
nru'lunr:t{lrtq fi z nru
i4r
-nruYr I il 2 trq H,He
id
-nrufr z fr s rrq Li,BeoB,C,N,O,F,Ne
id
-ntufr f fr S rrq Na, Mg,Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar
iat
-Ft'luYr 4 il 18filn
iEr
-FtlUYt 5 tJ 18 filn
id
-fituYi 6 tJ 32 filn
j
-fi]ull 7
10. 24106157
i to 4t e', 4- a't a)
fi r Efr o qj"lu fl 1u td u a fluo Y tJ : v elu il a{ {'l u
I a) I 9-, Y-- n e't
rvi r fr'u tta u [Yi r ilu [aun I u n uo 1u? u: Y o u
a-, a'' A
udssru (2:rotu: fi'lull 2)
61 4i a) a{ -t=^-i.--
t e' 4-
"lunrutdu?iluovilaruilstvtttnnnl{nu il:o
turJ : nJd u unlrJ srr ru m qit o s t r q
eirnYurrE 2 ttct?Girsfirazuovrou #.rusi 58 - 71
6o c. J Lu r3unn{rutrq ttauvrr'luo{ uar#luoi
4t-4ltl4
90 - 103 no Th + Lr rtUfl?] nqilfilqrtonYl
'lusi ulqfiu z n{r.rfirunornmqi se 'lunrufi
6 uav 7 srrrudrd'u t3un:aru1 ir n{rutrq
Inner Transition element
11. 24t06157
cirmYufi tq 2 ttctacirqfiratovelotJ 6'u,,ui
4-t{l
58 - 71 do ce * Lu t:unnqilfilq uauml
'luei uavfrsud eo - to3 6o
Er t r arul .d - -V^
Gsnit nqilfilqtrorlYl-tun filqm{l
rnJ Lr
2
rdr-
nailuttunolnmil 38--a-- ---'- qt
oqtd
ntila'lou l:un:?ilcl
Transition element
I
?r
'lunrufi 6 ttav 7
I
nqilfilE Inner
' rrqn{ru r 'lfruri trqlumqi IA lrav IIA
- t t'r e/ I 6r ' uIA ou6{ VIIA' filqnqil p lolrfl fi'lElumry
C'A
ttavuflfltf,ou
' rrqn{rl o 'lsiuri dasuosnrsrlurnri urnou6':
ITB
' nrqn{ru r'lsirrri n{rurrqrtaumr'lus{rtavttonfi
uld
lu9r
12. nr:ffon{rutrqspdf'[usrr:]{1fi1E
pS
d
f
uA dnva, v .- d {-.-(l^..s^^.^^
rinT m u r n r an 5"ki d n u r m o a o s n u Y'l u fi 1 q lfl il 1, u I tJ u o I u ? u
L a 4 v Y -< vA d
il r n ut{nfst rqtuotdua fluqnnuilil l gluun?mulrl lcrn:
,t
4alAatailv
fl atufiu o{}lTot:unilllfl nnl{nu
osf{nl:ururrr6mr{tnfr gnt..national Union of Pure
and Applide Chemistry IUPAc)'lsi'srnasfful#Gsnfrofi
99
firarornor.rfi'susi roo fiu'hj nrrurattflunturavfiu ttav
a srirs rdulto sr rqtfl u ium uav'l#rfi uu#qflnu crinrr'r
v v v o v I v-- v
6-ad-nu :st'att:ntosotu?uuuufl au n?il1 :?ilnil
t2
13. 24106157
. .'iruturiuRlulasnu 6a
2
bi
1u
0
nil
A
ua
5
pent
d
t?TUEI
un
3
tri
lnt
4
quad
n?onauU
6 8 I
hex
LAn{
sept
L{iloi
oct
oonFl
enn
touu
nairornfifiLaflou,rorJ#suri gz f,uhl Gendr rransuranium
qq
n{uor4dfi Latoselotrfsurri roo duhl Getnornn6iudd'''
Transfermium
erlElA
sraogrs n]:[:unT ofi 1E9l]lJ:vUU IUPAC
' rrEd ror l#ffodr unnitunium l#ffcyffnucri rJn,,
filqfi toz'[#raodr unnitbium lfr'ffcyffnusri unu
fitqfi ros t#ffo-ir unnitpentium lfr'ffryfi'nuai unp
fitqfi roz t#ffojr unnitseptium lfr'frqffnusti u,r,
4Ai
olfiun8ofitEfr 104 108 ll2ll4 elllJ:vuu IUPAC
l3
14. 24106157
'[un r: rs t rqrloqr.Yuovfi cruffi fi rrJ6uurnJ as
I L, a) 2' Y--l-
e
fl lilHry ltaun lu fr.lfr'e {off{ si o'lrJ fi
1. zuU'lOOvglOlJ
u Aln
2. iflil [OOOU
3. vrffq{ru'looo'lurryfi'u
4.
5.
6.
7.
tadSAAd
nl0taR lfl:tunln?91
nir #run: : nr n ru6td nsr: ou
4
qomaoil[na?tlavqnlooo
AV
[auooncutglTu
uulglou9loN
,1,
u 1 9t o v 9l o ru (Yn fi o v 9l o lJ ) G[ I lJ I 5 6l igl'-l, u
-l
9l o v 9l o lJ
uYu X
6UO{5191[o9l{lu
q
YsfiIoraraus{ 6o :vsvndsmfiunuuorlilul?frufiv
edtAAlul
Inraraud :vfidl{ounoilTilellsisaflu [Tu rl?'ltlUl?
fiutvuos cl - cl: 198 p- Ynfiorflollto{ cl = =
99 pm
,i& r&
ffiir'-.'r
15. 2410615'7
vatddA44
Ysfr tt?utooirraii n-o lYuYFl:{fi u{11'o{l
tAA
I
1yt)vlv?t? 1 { u? lnd u c'u o s o v 9l o il fi o g'l n #fi go
rdu Ysfi tt?utno{?tad (r) dqmr'lfrornovstotl
di
'r, o{r ttndtfl o u n6onr'lsior nIru ta n aln tarausi
z IruraqafifrrurYailu
inirrrurrr oiltod
i)l Kr ", l$f pm
itiururnsftnd
tol l{ = 120 Psl
YsfiIaff v fio n€.rrnfi {to{l:vuv:umdr'r
aertr
r.i r rn a u cu o {l o v el o r.rla m v fi o g"ln #ffuru r nfi qo
rryu t tqlt t6sruil:vuu: ut{?l{u?tna ufl1lo {
overotJ 2 ovnoil fiog.tndffudqorvirffu 372
prn YnfiIanvlrytdsrurYirffu +:186 pm
Na Na
16. 24t06157
Ysfi ovsr or.r (fiInnr n:) uoIr rq'luon:I{lfi Iq!
milrutmq! trqfitflulamr uaflqfrau YsfiIanv
ruoo{frau YsfiIflraroue{rr"drfluulam,
|lA ItlA lr'A vA vlA a IlA I so
AlSl$l$llelsltr
a.......-11,e_
&___1i9.__
a_ro
el't5
$)
lsl
5
Ir$-......
s-r{1..
e
o tal v 4 - 6l f{-----^-.
' trq lunqitdurilu ovllqlurqoyelolJ t1{6U'uuolnuu
aqdrsnril ta {ovel otJfi rfi ru fi u (fi nr:rdruzuoq:v6'u
vrflqqru)
6t 4! v ai 6 --.21-
' trgt[untu[6u?ilu ovil'uulglovgloiltana{olnculu
lrJnrl'lrnnrrd,CI'llovelotJrfirufiu ou6'rnqj vIIA
tl
rrer?lomry vIuA 6l,utetoveluurrlrfiu (Hqi vIIIA
fi nr:ffoGu{ e-Fliultilo (octate's rule))
17. 24t06157
Ysfi'looou
. ys firloo ou oyfi o15 gtrlot fl I vavzvndrsfi : rn6u fl 6uo{r
'looou{nfi .r1 dfi ,,:ud",nfi o,duffu*av ffululn:I
4
,{an
' ffrodrsYsfi'looou{o{ Mg*' rtav o-2'luar:rj:Ynou
Mgo . lllaii!
g,.,,
iii ihil rt. , i;(irIi
i.. i'r;i rtg . ai p,u
' rfiolamrriuJfrfiSurffuolamv
' ovsroilzuoqfafiv ovrfiunroud6rdnsr:ounarutflu
'looouurn druru6rfinsr:ouluovsrorudsrdna{ rir
'[#u:sr.r fi'n:vm drq ovnoru a n as fras
o ovgtotJ'uololamv ovSuotcinn:outrllJtl,llJl ttav
4ti{
r6fl tfllu'loo ouau o velorufr nr:tfr ilt tu'u ol
A d d o cl I Y- -
r A 6 i
6 tff n sr : o u 6 I ti t-l t4 tt:.t ru a n : v ?1 ? I { o t o n el 5 o u 1l
rrI
A.{44{414.
tna ouvt: ou u ? tnau fl il fl 1 g{'uu
t"l
18. 24106157
' tourtnt o{ ndilfi ilon6t6 nn:ouovtsru'lrjor nrdrl
ulo
o o u au6 sfr t ur olm qtindro v sl o ru rdu
' fra o d r s t u I o o v st o r.r fi'u cJ u r o'l o o o u 1, o { fi 'l q
Li+
( li't .)
J oto
1.52
BeZ*
o
0.31
Mg2* Al3*
rl (er) o
o*os =( o.5o
c&' Ga3*
a) 6)Go*99 Ytz 0.62
srz* Io3*
(J ('") eiYn H o.Er
Atomic/lonic Radi
1A 2A
@1.11
q,1.60
("")
1.97
(s')
2.15
Na*
t.. I
0.95
K+
ll-
U1.33
Rb+
t")v;;;.2
1.48
Yrffqqruolooo'lurryffu fionization energy (IE))
vr fi.r r r u'l o o o'l u rry fi'u noo vt fis I r u d o r n o ru q; sr rdr'lrJ
rufla r ffo e- oo nru rluo",; t d ;{1 t,,fi'o t turr}l ulufil#
o v sr otJ ttd?ri r1#o v sroil t 6'0 e- o o nru r'lucln I 2 vtlfl'Gr tdu
Li(g) ---_ Li*(g) + e- IE,
r,i*(g) + Li2*(g) + e- IE,
Li,*(g)-Li3*(g) + e- IE.
{<IEI << IE2 < IE3
l8
19. 24106157
A,' A
ffannl:il|o1:clJl ^le)d
rE N 2 manlncucn
al)eJl
1.'lluloovglolJoultil:r{ n9{uf'lufl I m
(,rru",std.rlmqi rirO q#ou)
z. rJ:vq + 'lufiatnduaovttil:rYusnru IE 1rJ:vq
+ illn rc illfl)
rio r fialasioril tB lJlnndrffo z
r r I s, - 4^.4^.
' ntil?ti nr rc ovcitaq gtttatovglotJlrlruflu
9t9/ I
r e,r.i A at --l
(u u a { Gi 1 q) Yl s il n r : tvi ru t o {l'lJ u'l o tJ r'f a il 1 n n ?'l
I
AI
nt:tlllJ'l,o{u5v0 +q
f
ft IE oyd{'t,uql
drtatovetoNn]ilfl]U fll lE ov
rfir.rfiu (dru'lrjtar)
l9
20. 24t06157
lonization energy
i !t0r,s r t*,3-$
i*s!gx
I srr.;.: j s;a.t
, ttlii;f! 1;;1}rr;: it l
..*,.rr . -.f .--r.*..--+.---:-1:- - ,! -'--^-i "'---*- i
.Al l'&r ; F i $ i Cl i ,&. i
*iniH1*iri**ii*iH1*! r"raa * | i.ttlz ll 1 l:Jl,
tr . ",f.-,,1,*..,,.+."-:-1:- -,
1'1nil
lrrrr, i 7g,.* Irlti r: 'irrj.Fr . i7l i ;r-.';"
.,...,".."i..,.../, j-//.,..;..i"-.. " -. .i--""-'4'' n'__'r
**,i*eiarj**iB,iu'f
*j*'s i ?*r.t i **'l i s*s.g I tt,i$tr ] li!+n.r ,b?*'s i ?*r.t ; **ir i s{s.g ill,ilRt}; }i}+o.r ,
- J -- -*; - r - --"'
rt'' ix" i $tr l'"l'ur I I 1 xt ,
1{q.j$1{j.i"": i
i $r"*.it I fss.+ i s,i*.t.f irl*{;r}E:l ir}l:s't itl}i.'-1 l
iri irr,i*i lroir,ti$tn l
. :sl d i ,;p* J ,t,'11 I *ot I 'r*rrx;
:l ir i trs
; : I trt!!'i
ni r il fi's s r uo o o'[u rry ffu
{
r!-
lt;.,
ilt
.i
It. i
rt l,;il-; .l I tiii!;i^ :li:l-ii'i'i'i'*:. -i'!;;-l
,, f ii, i. l.t li,1I :l!!-''::.'r,ll-, lii i!'li l1, i3' i', t-
20
21. 24106157
nir616nIil:tunrfi?6
(ElectronegativitY (EN))
t a c3 s AA4 61 4 t d
' nirdrfi nlil:tunt616 tilutt:{?l:ooluloYl
ovsroildl'hj6q .-'lto{eturosmioovstorudult?
ru r 16 olr.r,u q udun6o or : rJ: v n ou
' Linus Pauling -'r fior:crnflorya1ufll:'l{filE
r6urffunir6r6nlvr:runrfi?6 fi.l
9'
d
u
o rd v r^6s------3ad .A
' trElumrytdueflu nreitdnlm:tunrn?fl aoa{ tilo
i{
ta{ov9lolJtTl?J'l,u
61 4 L, rA6S aa<-^ti^'-8.
' ttsLlunrutdgeflu nrotcinlm:tuRlgl?91 tilil'uuq
r19
4^4
tilo ta 6u
o v 9l o lJ lY[ lJ 6lJ
U
v A qY v I 4t v I
,} nd'nnr:flor:eut
-lfma-nn1:tru[ou?nual IE
ua v'l u m qj fi I q rta v n I u't o { r -l
q'[ u or r : r s o v fi ffn u 6uv
nr:nj6suurjoqrdurdseffu tB
22. 4{oa,rf
t:U{AlnU fll eu
ElectronegativitY
Ylllrr.
Hei
i
Net:
Ar
lrr
Rn;
illA
i ''rl'
vrA il !l{
8,, | 'G
*r*i: I r.s
'.N
r: :li:i*'l
,0
x#
r
s,S
ll '1, ,,ii,
i}tii I :li+
o
:
.: t!9 I
-5,
2:,fi
.Ql
i.rt
ri'.qs.
ret I r.or,
r" l- s;'
ffi;:j
';:iffi
l:A1l
!lt{
$ei
):Xi
$[
*,*;
s6
F-ffi
,;:t3 + i
?-e
Bi,,
?:+? :
Pr)
L0
A1.
24. 4
o omaoil tma? tlauQa tfl o9l
6--- q
4t 6t c,r^
q fl m aoil til a?ttauqo[9lootilucruu nlfl ]l 1v u o {l
o',qfi uu qjffuu: tfi ,,ndorrv m irsIru ra qa r{l u
fr'urvvfio'lo tdu vYurvlamv frutv'looofin
fru r vl n ta ta u ri rnlu t s I n : I ru a n: I { 9l 1'll'l u cu {l
vr o aq rJq oil a o il t?t a a nr il u fi ofr'ut vor n gs'hJ
tlY
o C,, al
l{tgpO{lU
tnesarfindrsntire.t
u+"rflu6s[aug
,+Alru6u loooun
uJ4lIUfiU IFIL2LAUFI
u "+.Y{Ufistalplf[su
u - + ta't
1{U6s [n[?taun]Jfl?
v - + a,a(t
rflufietnt?taun lilil$?
25. 24106157
rrqlurnqi |A,z/^uau 34 r{lulanvqflHaosJt1{a?ttav
o o t6o o fi uu r1iru q u d u, r n #r s'5J t r r'l u n r u td s r ffu
;;;rfi *"u rtun*,{srt: s du,duu,.tn.,urooverorJ
rd nas uavfi druautrtaus{6rdnsr:ouu',nfi tr
. rrqmqi tr ursrrqfiIer:sa{xrfluln:qHdndr.r srr
r 4 oe2) -
4 e-t-^-^i^.
ri rs 6 s ri f[r{q o m a o N tm a ? t ra vq o ta o o il Fl
-l
g{ 6l'
u
trqlumqi sA,6A, zr lrou
_aa
lunrurduaffurnrudr uu;lriut3'r
ofl fi aoil[?ta?ttav Qot6o srdros til:1v5]qna nfr fr tt:'tE o
q ,
n------ q I
,ndo.r,ndxl*raqatfl utt:srrautno{arad rfi olqrnil?a
< O 9r4 v I S d I
Ir.rraqa"lnd'r6usfru ttsiturolrutaqatdnas [Tu N2 tl2 F2 il?a
In ra q a rfl u 2,8,32,38 6 fl n ft 6 u s fru ga v rfi o {l 0 I nl t: { I t? u t o o {
a r a da o a I d ro s 6 IYi r'lt{q on a oil tfi a ? lra u q or t 6o o a o a s
or ndru'hj t r rluo ru 16 u a fru
r r n um : u 6 fi'u rfl ula m, d fi n u ",
"
tio u {r { rd n 6 { afi sfrut v
Ianr'ldrr{{tt:{ qfl fi aoNtff a2ltav qot6o ourn
26. 24t06t57
Boiling Point
&oiling Faint
t 4"21 C !X69
Melting Point
Melting Point
I o.95 4100
,(rt :i*q4
FE !m
I TB5 ic.& t5*a
"o,,,
i*tc r$*?
l{;i,
t yafi rs:*
T
r&
&- ri
I {ta i'ln il3 lL
i;E
1i{&
l]l{
j1cn
8$ Lf
27. 24106t57
aq rJuurl#ru arurTfi fi? oo 6 n u o{ n r n
(nl
fl
olotd.l
.cl
Elot+l
"l
or
t-q)
q)
c
.o
F
oN
c
o
H
>-i+.-
>.=
=l!-
8'' E
9<
bel-+
E_U
E I.U
Electronegotivity
Electron offinity
Atomic Rodius
fonizotion
A a.,
IAUOOR0UI9IUU (oxidation Number)
' ta'uoonfiroffu (Oxidation Number) fi^o
ffa ra q, uaor rirrJ : v q'ly'l fl r nio rJ : rq'lv'hfl r
^-^---3- lJl 4 A
crilil gtu o { [o ooufi : ooy gt orJU o{ fi I q ilto 1:GII]
ornflr: z ilzudu
L. or:il:vnoufitstri
2. or:il:ynouiltnndr z ntsr
28. 24t06t57
1. ar:il:vnourrq{
- Grr :'lo o o fi no v fi rJ : r o'lv'l ril r u ? nt o {
Ia m v ua v ola n v fi rJ : v q'l v'l ril r a u rvi r ffu
A cs & s, atc.,
olann:ouYl lilltaum:u
- rr:Inra ra us{ rir n u o'l#olu n tfi fi nir6 16 n
Im:tunrfi?6g{tfluau ciauolamvfi fi
t .a 6 < AA4{ o 4t I 6l I
erreircin [n:tunrn?fl 9tliln'lluuu? n fr ?u
nirffara,l,o v rvir ffud rua uEr6 nsr : oufil#
laJ
:?ilnu
z. or:il:vnouilrnndr z trn
at 9-,
I
c-, d
il ?,1 a ntncuq0 nl:Tlol:0ll9ll{cl 9l{lu
ty rrq6a:v4 ntrq'lridrrfl uovnorum?olllra qa
E{Aa-rcaldt
oyrl ta{oonqitgrtiutilufluu tuu Na ,C ,Mg
,Pb rcl ,oz, s8, 03
2) 51E?rU 1A (Li , Na , K , Rb , Cs)'lu
ar:il:v nou'lo1 fi nirratoo nGroffutfl uuan
j
1{u{ (+1)
28
29. 24106/57
3) filqmqi 2A (Mg , Ca , Sr , Ba) lu
rr: il:v noulorlfirirra'uoo n6rorfi'urfluua n
troq(+2)
4) fi rqoonfirou (o) Iorufr'r'hfluor:rJ:uRou
4lAeJ6t91 6l
ourJ tazu00ncur0tuutiju -2 unt?u lu
ar:il:vnounJo{oon'lrysifirir -t rdu Hro, ,
Naror,Bao, uavluqrJnJoioon'lrys{ovfi rir
- (Ko2) uavfinirrilu +z rfio16offunrq F
,LI
tYtluu luu oF2
s; rrqlalo:rou (H) Isrufra'hJluor:il:ynouovfi rat
o o n6rsr f,'urfl u +t s nr{u 1u ar :rJ : v n ou'la'lo : siqr o sla fi v o v fi
nirrflu -r rdu NaH, KH, caH,
o)'lo o out o r r r q m6o ar : il : v n o u o v fi ra to o nG ro,fi'urrir fi'u
rl:vq'lv,lfl rfi rirmuoll rdu
NHn* = 11
orf : -1
SOo2- : -2
PHo* - +r
CN' : -1
HCOr-= -1
ruo:arutoqil:vo'lv,lrIru rnuayar.rovfi riufl usudraruoqg
29
30. 24106157
6r at I A 9t -44^-4 - ^.^ ^
7 "lun:cttor:il:vnouts{cuouililruanto{l
Hro, NHr, co r{luo.lriil:vnou'l#fiodrfi raru
oon6toffuriluguti tdu crso4. sH2o
s)'luor: rJ: v nou'locl e{ a: ? ru t o I il : vq'lv{ fl r
Eitdld
u ? n I ta v a uo v lJ fi 1 [u ufl uu [fl il o
References
. eisua6runreaouiileraransuactilntutaE, anrriu. yrisfioGeuarfu
a Y& A a ar -r-- - 4
nraGauffiu5ruuastfruthu tnti uriu 1. n6{[vlY{"1 : tesnunqqanr
arnn#rr ,2s4G.
. ai s ra6u nredo uim etr ara otSua g tyt ntutaE, 6 oru-u. rd fi a nearfi nrt
aY&da<r4
Guuffiugruuaatfrutdu tnil teiru 1. n?{tilfl'1 : [t{1'{ilfln36n1
arnvr#rr ,2b40.
. drmrp nqndquvrr . rnfi u.+ reiu t . n?{t[ytfl.1 t uafvrdru-nfiruri
OU
rry.fi. trruur qlnn , 2547
. 4frari tntafinee , tnfi u.+ rdr t . n?{tl'l}l'l , u66:vrlarfi,fiuhtfiis
i.fi'^ ,zsoo
