1. Gilbert T. Salacup RN,
MSN

4. TYPES OF PRIMARY HEALTH WORKERS
AUXILLARY INTERMEDIATE LEVEL ANCILLARY
VILLAGE/GRASSROOTS HEALTH General Medical Practitioners HEALTH PERSONNEL OF
C WORKERS Public Health nurses 1st LINE HOSPITALS
H Trained community Midwives Physicians with specialty
Health worker; health auxiliary Nurses
A volunteer; Traditional birth attendant Dentists
R   
Initial link, 1st contact of the 1st source of professional Establish close
A community Health care contact with the village
 Work in liaison w/ the local  Attend to health problems beyond the & intermediate level
C health service workers competence of village health workers health workers to
T  Provide elementary curative  Provide support to the frontline health promote the continuity of
preventive health care workers in terms of supervision, acre from hospital to
E measures training, referral services & supplies community to home.
R thru linkages with other sectors  Provide back-up health
services for cases
I requiring hosp or dx
S facilities not available in
HC
T VILLAGE/GRASSROOTS HEALTH General Medical Practitioners HEALTH PERSONNEL OF
I WORKERS Public Health nurses 1st LINE HOSPITALS
Trained community Midwives Physicians with specialty
C Health worker; health auxiliary Nurses
S volunteer; Traditional birth attendant Dentists

13. WHO Definition Health
a state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being and not merely the absence of a
disease, illness or infirmity
WHO: Health is a social phenomenon
Health as a result of interplay of diff. societal factors:
-Biological, Physical- heat, temp, Ecological- adaptation to env't.
- Political, Economic, Social cultural
It is an outcome of many theories : Multi-Causal Theory of Health, Disease & Death
Multi Casual theory- holistic- General systems theory
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH:
1. WHO !Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
2.Claude Bernard !Health is the ability to maintain INTERNAL
MILIEU. Illness is the result of failure to
maintain.
3.Walter Cannon !Ability to maintain HOMEOSTASIS or
dynamic equilibrium.

14. !Health is being well and using one’s power to the fullest
1. Nightingale extent. Health is maintained through prevention of
disease via ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH FACTORS.
!Individual’s ability to perform 14 components of nursing
2. Virginia Henderson unaided.
!Positive health symbolizes WELLNESS.
3. Martha Rogers
!State and process of being and becoming an integrated
4. Sis. Callista Roy and whole person.
!State that is characterized by soundness or wholeness
5. Dorothea Orem human structures and of bodily and mental functioning.
!Dynamic state in the life cycle. Illness is an interference
6. Imogene King in the life cycle.
!Wellness is the condition in which all parts and subparts
7. Betty Neuman of an individual are in harmony with the whole system.
!elusive, dynamic state influenced by BIOLOGIC,
8. Dorothy Johnson PSYCHOLOGIC and SOCIAL FACTORS.

28. Diseases Vaccin Minimum Dose No. of Site Route Interval Reasons
e Age Dose
1. Tuber- BCG At birth / 0.05 ml 1 RDeltioid ID Given at earliest possible
culosis anytime age protects against the
0.10 ml L Deltoid
possibility of infection from
School
other family members.
entrance
2. Measles Measl 9 mons. 0.5 ml 1 Outer part Subcu At least 80% of measles can
es of the artm be prevented by
immunization at this age.
3.Diptheria Upper
outer
Pertusis DPT1 1 ½ mos. 0.5 ml 3 IM Z 4 wks. An early start with DPT
portion of
techniq reduces the chance of
Tetanus DPT2 2 ½ mos. the thigh
ue severe pertusis.
DPT3 2 ½ mos.
4.Hepatitis Hepa 1 ½ mos. 0.5 ml 3 Upper Intramu 4 wks. An early start of Hepatitis B
B1 outer s-cular reduces the chance of
B 2 ½ mos.
portion of being infected and
Hepa the thigh / becoming a carrier.
2 ½ mos.
B2 anterior
Hepa thigh
B3
5. Polio- OPV1 1 ½ mos. 2 drps 3 Mouth Orally 4 wks. The extent of protection
or gtts. against polio is increased
Myelitis OPV2 2 ½ mos. the earlier the OPV is
given.

30. Most sensitive -15to – 25 C OPV LIQUID
1
2 -15to – 25 C MV FREEZE DRIED
3 2-8 C BCG FREEZE DRIED
4 2-8 C DPT LIQUID
5 2-8 C HBV LIQUID
6 least sensitive 2-8 C TT LIQUID

32. Disease Vaccine Minimum Age Dose Route Site Percent Duration of Protection
Interval Protected
Tetanus TT1 At 5th – 6th month of 0.5 ml Deep intra – Deltoid region 80%
pregnancy muscular of the arm
Varies 1 yr
TT2 At least 4 wks after 0.5 ml Deep intra – Deltoid region 80% - Infants born will
TT1 muscular of the arm be protected from
neonatal tetanus.
- 3 yrs protection
for the mother.
TT3 At least 5-6 mons. 0.5 ml Deep intra – Deltoid region 90% - Infants born will
later of 2nd muscular of the arm be protected from
neonatal tetanus.
pregnancy
regardless of - 5 yrs. Protection
interval for the mother.
TT4 At least 5-6 mons. 0.5 ml Deep intra – Deltoid region 99% - Infants protected
Of 3rd pregnancy. muscular of the arm from Neonatal
Tetanus.
Regardless of
interval` - 10 yrs. Protection
for the mother.
TT5 At least 5-6 mons. 0.5 ml Deep intra – Deltoid region 99% -lifetime
Of 4th pregnancy. muscular of the arm protection.
Regardless of - All infants born
interval` to that mother will
be protected.

34. Cross- Sectional (Present) Prospective Cohort (future)
Retrospective (Past)
Case Control study Prevalence study- old - Incidence or new
& new cases cases
-Show an association -Get prevalence of
bet. the risk factor & disease (Lung CA)
disease
- Get prevalence of
risk factor (smoking)

35. 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity 10 Leading Causes of Mortality
•P - neumonia --bacterial 1. Di -sease of the heart
•Di -arrhea 2. Di -seases of the vascular system
•Bro - nchitis 3. Ma -lignant neoplasm
•In - fluenza -respiratory 4. P -neumonia
•H - ypertension 5. A- ccidents
•Tu - berculosis respiratory 6. TB –all forms
•Di -seases of the heart 7. CO -PD
•Ma - laria 8. Con -ditions originating in perinatal period
•Chick -enpox 9. DM
•Me -asles 10. N - ephritis, nephritic syndrome

45. Fluids Frequent feeding Fast Referral
◊ Oresol Rehydration ◊ Continue breastfeeding/ If child doesn’t get better in 3
Therapy SF days, or if danger signs
◊ With children over 6 develop-refer patient
◊ Encourage/ensure intake mos; cereals/ starchy
of any fruit juices, “am”, Danger signs:
foods mixed with meat or
“lugaw”, homemade fish & vegetables ◊Fever
soup ◊ Mashed banana or any ◊Sunken fontanel
fresh fruit ◊Sunken eyeball
◊ Feed the child at least ◊Frequent watery stools
6x/day ◊Repeated vomiting
◊ After diarrhea episode, ◊Blood in stool
feed 1 extra meal/day for ◊Poor intake of meals
2 weeks ◊Weakness

47. Breastmilk Formula
CHO Increase decrease
CHON (LACTALBUMIN) (CASEIN)
Fats = =
Linoleic acid content (3x) Decrease
Minerals decrease Increase

51. SCHISTOSOMIASIS H-FEVER FILARIASIS
CONTROL PROGRAM (DENGUE) CONTROL PROGRAM
Schistosomiasis- Dengue- > A mosquito borne disease
caused by a tissue nematode
A parasitic infection caused Acute febrile infection of
attacking the lymphatic
by blood flukes inhabiting sudden onset, caused by
system of humans thereby
the veins of their vertebral Aedes Aegypti, vector
causing elephantiasis,
victims transmitted thru skin mosquito
lymphedema & hydrocele
penetration causing diarrhea,
ascites, hepatosplenomegaly > Started in 1957 as an
operational research of
malaria. Eradication Service
Three Filaria Control were
established & later on
integrated with the Regional
Health Officers
Activities: Activities: Activities:
> C -ase Finding >Case Finding >Case Finding
> S - urveillance of the Early reporting of any >Early reporting of any
disease known case or outbreak known case of outbreak
> H - ealth education- D H – ealth education
encourage use of rubber
L N – et mosquito
boots for protection
S -Stagnant
> E - nvironmental
Sanitation-proper disposal of U - rban
feces
> S - nail Eradication- use of
moluscides

56. Targeted Food Task Nutrition Rehabilitation Akbayan sa Kalusugan
Force Assistance Ward (ASK Project)
Program
Provision of food Every hospital must Aimed to provide rice &
rations of bulgur wheat have a Nurse ward, corn soya blend
& green peas where an adequately supplemented with
trained nutritionist local foods.
Target population:
were assigned (RA 422)
Target pop:
Pre-schoolers
6 mos- 2 years
Pregnant women
Moderately & severely
Lactating mothers
underweight
Pre-schoolers not
served by the DSWD
and DA in Regions
2,8,9,10,11,12

61. Generics Act of 1988 Dangerous Drugs Act
R.A. # 6675 R.A. 6425
“Formally proclaims the state of promoting the use “ The safe administration & transportation of
of generic terminology in the importation, prohibited drugs is punishable by law.”
manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion &
2 Types of Drugs:
advertising, labeling, prescribing & dispensing of
drugs.” Prohibited Regulated
“Reinforces the NDP with regards to the assurance LSD Benzodiazepines
of the high-quality & rational drug use.”
Eucaine Barbiturates
Cocaine/ codeine, Opiates

62. Level 1 Level II Level III
Point Source Communal Faucet Waterworks System/
System/ Stand Posts Individual House
Connections
A protected well of a A system composed of a A system with a source, a
developed sprung with an source, a reservoir, a reservoir, a piped
outlet but w/o a piped distribution network distributor network &
distribution system for & communal faucets, household tap that is
rural areas where houses located at not more than suited for densely
are thinly scattered. 25 meters from the populated urban areas.
farthest house in rural
areas where houses are
clustered densely.

63. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Non- water carriage On site toilet facilities Water carriage types
toilet facility: of the water carriage of toilet facilities
-P-it Latrines type with water sealed connected to septic
-R-eed Odorless Earth & flushed type with tanks & /or to
septic vault/tank sewerage system to
disposal facilities. treatment plant.
Closet
- Compost
-Bored-Hole
-Ventilated improved
pit
Toilets requiring
small amount of water
to wash waste into
receiving space
-Pour flush, Aqua

64. Household Community
Burial Sanitary Landfill or
Deposited in 1m x 1m deep pits Controlled Tipping
covered with soil, located 25m away from > Excavation of soil
water supply deposition of refuse &
-Grinding and disposal sewer compacting with a solid
cover of 2 feet
-Animal feeding
- Incineration
-Composting
-- Open burning