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Subjective Factors in ICT4D Deployment
   Catholic Relief Services ICT4D 2010
Where I Have worked

El Salvador   Vietnam
Bangladesh    Haiti
Guatemala     Mali
Bolivia       Guinea
Tajikistan    Armenia
Philippines   Malawi
Egypt         Myanmar
Uganda        Jordan
Pakistan      Yemen
Sudan         West Bank
ICT4D Deployments



Each deployment has unique
 characteristics and logistic needs.
We used to bring our work to the computer…


 Now, we take computing   to our work
Centralized Information Management
Survey Coordinator – Bolivia (Save the Children USA)
Microfinance Registries – Myanmar (Save UK)
Awaiting Data Input – Haiti (Save the Children USA)
Increasingly, technology is becoming easy.

Technical problems can be solved…since they
 are technical by nature.
There are many device tools….
Laptop                 Netbook




PDA      The Tools
                     Cell Phones
There are many fine software solutions…
Solution Providers

                                                                   Data
                                                                   Transfer
Tool Name           Developed By Runs On         Service Model     Method
                                 SMS-enabled
Souktel             Souktel      phone           web server        SMS
                                 SMS and Java-
FrontlineSMS        Kiwanja.net  enabled phone   free              SMS
                                 SMS-enabled
RapidResponse       UNICEF       phone           enterprise - server SMS
                                 Java-enabled
JavaRosa            OSC          phone           free (open source) GPRS only
                                 Java-enabled                       SMS or
Mobile Researcher   Clyral       phone           pay-per-survey     GPRS
                                                                    USB or
EpiSurveyor         Datadyne     Palm O/S only   free (open source) GPRS
                                                                    SMS or
Nokia Data Gathering Nokia        Nokia O/S only free for NGO's     GPRS
                                  Android O/S
Open Data Kit       Google        only           free (open source)
But, there are other factors to consider…
User Acceptance
Curious, but Skeptical…
I am Curious….
Let Me Try That!
Trust
What is that?
Interesting….
What Device?
Cultural Context
Cultural
Cultural
Gender
Listen to the Users
“If it doesn’t work in the field…

…then it doesn’t work”.
So….which mobile solution should I use?


        First Things First…
The “What” determines the “How”

The technology “tool” comes Last - Always

Don’t try to force the solution to the need
“Tool” Determinants
Do the hard work (requirements) first,

or else you will have to do the hard work later…



If you decide to choose the tool first, then:

Best scenario: added cost, delay and poor program quality.

Worst scenario: resulting failure possibly costing lives.
“Tool” Determinants

Connectivity:               not available  available

Power availability:         low (car battery/solar)  high

Data transfer method:       USB  SMS  GPRS  VPN

Data quality:               not important  important

Survey structure:           simple  complex (branching)

Information complexity:     text-only  data/spatial/image
Tool” Determinants - continued

Data security:         low  high

Environmental:         mild  severe

Technical Support:     low risk  high risk
Risk Mitigation

Fearlessly face what could go wrong….

Develop a plan for when it does go wrong!


    (something will happen unexpectedly)
Recommended Best Practices
• Use technology that is simple, relevant, local.

• Build on what is already working.

• Assess and mitigate risks

• Engage Stakeholders

• Build local capacity to develop and maintain the solution.

• More is learned from what fails, than from what succeeds…
Questions….?

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"Subjective Factors in ICT4D Deployment"