A presentation featuring vital issues regarding Reproductive Health of both men and women.

1. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Genevieve C. Serilo BSEd 2D

2. • Discussions of the people’s
sexual and reproductive
health needs have been
largely sidetracked because
of the too much attention
given on the population
itself.

3. According to
Reproductive Health is
“a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and...not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity, in all matters relating to the
reproductive system and its
functions and processes.

4. Reproductive health therefore
implies that people are able to
have a satisfying and safe sex
life and that they have the
capability to reproduce and the
freedom to decide if, when and
how often to do so.

5. Implicit in this last condition
are the right of men and
women to be informed [about]
and to have access to
safe, effective, affordable and
acceptable methods of family
planning of their choice,

6. as well as other methods of
birth control which are not
against the law, and the right of
access to appropriate health-
care services that will enable
women to go safely through
pregnancy and childbirth and
provide couples with the best
chance of having a healthy
infant.”

7. Male Reproductive Health
• Prostate and testicular
cancers are among the
leading causes for males.
• Other serious concerns for
males include erectile
dysfunction, impotence, and
premature ejaculation.

8. • Erectile dysfunction (ED) is
when a man has trouble
getting or keeping an
erection. ED becomes more
common as you get older.
But male sexual dysfunction
is not a natural part of aging.

9. • Impotence is a common
problem among men
characterized by the
consistent inability to sustain
an erection sufficient for
sexual intercourse or the
inability to achieve
ejaculation, or both.

10. • It’s almost impossible to get
an accurate definition of
premature ejaculation: what
some couples consider a
satisfactory length of
intercourse would be very
inadequate for others.

11. • At the 2006 Congress of the
European Society for Sexual
Medicine, an American
research paper reported: the
average lasting time of men
with PE was 1.8 minutes
'normal' men lasted an average
of 7.3 minutes.

12. • But there were males who
claimed to have premature
ejaculation, yet who could
last up to 25 minutes. This
clearly shows people have
wildly differing ideas about
what is normal!

13. Female Reproductive Health
• Common causes of mortality rate
among females includes postpartum
hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis.
• Breast cancer remains to be the
leading cause of cancer deaths in
the country for Filipino
women, followed by cervical cancer
and ovarian cancer.

14. • Postpartum hemorrhage is
excessive bleeding following
the birth of a baby. About 4
percent of women have
postpartum hemorrhage and it
is more likely with a cesarean
birth. Hemorrhage may occur
before or after the placenta is

15. • The average amount of blood
loss after the birth of a single
baby in vaginal delivery is
about 500 ml (or about a half of
a quart). The average amount
of blood loss for a cesarean
birth is approximately 1,000 ml
(or one quart).

16. Eclampsia
• Eclampsia, a life-threatening
complication of pregnancy, is a
condition that causes a pregnant
woman, usually previously
diagnosed with preeclampsia
(high blood pressure and protein
in the urine), to develop seizures
or coma.

17. • Sepsis is an illness in which
the body has a severe
response to bacteria or other
germs.
• This response may be called
systemic inflammatory
response syndrome (SIRS).

18. • Reproductive health problems
remain the leading cause of ill
health and death for women of
childbearing age worldwide.

19. According to the WHO:
• Each year, 358, 000 women die
due to complications related to
pregnancy and childbirth; 99% of
these deaths occur within the most
disadvantaged population groups
living in the poorest countries of the
world.

20. National Health Situation of
Filipino Women
Philippine Maternal Mortality Rate
(MMR) remains high at 162 deaths for
every 100,000 live births. The National
Statistics Office fears that the slow
decline in MMR may cause the
Philippines to miss its MDG target of
bringing down the MMR to 53 by the
year 2015. (Family Planning Survey
2006).

21. Maternal deaths account for 14% of
deaths among women. According to
the Commission on Population, ten
(10) women die every 24 hours
from pregnancy or childbirth-related
complications (Popcom 2000).

22. 29 infants of every 1,000
live births die before
reaching one year of age;
40 young children die
before reaching five years
of age. (NSO, NDHS 2003)

23. Close birth spacing and
high-risk pregnancies have
been shown to be closely
related to childhood
mortality. (NSO, NDHS
2003)

24. The Filipino woman's desired
number of children is 2.5.
However, the actual fertility rate is
3.5 children or a difference of one
child. This difference is due
mainly to the lack of information
on and access to family planning
services. (NSO, NDHS 2003)

25. Infertility
• A 1986 WHO study found out
that 10 to 15 percent of couples
were unable to produce a child.
• In the Philippines, the 1998
National Demographic Health
Survey showed that two
percent of women were
infertile.

26. Abortion and Post-abortion
Complications
• Of the 3.1 million
pregnancies in the country
every year, 15 percent end
in induced abortions and
another 15 percent result in
spontaneous abortion.

27. • In a study conducted by the
Guttmacher Institute and the
UP Population Institute, 72
percent of Filipino women who
have had an abortion cited
financial difficulty as the main
reason for terminating their
pregnancy.

28. Sexually Transmitted Infections
• HIV prevalence in the
country remains low, with
a cumulative case of
3, 061 as of the end of
2007.

29. • However, for the last two years, new
cases have breached the 300-mark. At
the National Dissemination Forum 2008
Philippine Country Progress Report, Dr.
Eric Tayag presented the first HIV and
AIDS Registry Annual Report and
based on the data generated by the
Registry, 342 new cases were recorded
in 2007, 28 of which are AIDS cases.

30. • Other common STIs
include non-gonoccocal
type, trichomoniasis, and
gonorrhea (10.1 percent)