health education and health prumotion

Chapter 4

Health Education and
Health Promotion

Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Health Education Today
• Number of factors increased need for, importance of
health education
• Teaching: independent function, primary nursing
responsibility included in all state practice acts


Purposes of Health Education
• Allows individuals to make informed decisions regarding
life, health
• Helps people adapt to illness, prevent complications,
follow prescribed regimens
• Allows people to achieve maximum health potential
• Reduces health care costs, prevents patient/public
dissatisfaction


Question
• Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
• Health education is an independent function of nursing
and a primary nursing responsibility.


Answer
• True.
• Rationale: All nursing care is directed toward promoting,
maintaining, and restoring health; preventing illness; and
helping people adapt to the residual effects of illness.
Many of these nursing activities are accomplished
through health education or patient teaching.


Adherence to the Therapeutic Regimen
• Adherence: process of faithfully following guidelines or
directions
• Therapeutic regimen: routine that promotes health,
healing


Variables that Influence Adherence
• Demographic: sex, race, age, education, socioeconomic
status
• Illness
• Complexity of regimen, side effects
• Psychosocial: intelligence, availability of support person,
religious or cultural variables
• Finances: direct, indirect costs of regimen


Teaching and Learning
• Learning: act of gaining knowledge, skill
• Teaching: imparting of knowledge
• Learning readiness: optimal time for learning to occur
– Usually corresponds to learner’s perceived need,
desire to obtain specific knowledge


The Learning Environment
• Setting up learning environment
• Formal vs. informal
• Interpersonal aspects
• Physical environment
• Selection of time


Strategies and Techniques
• Discussion
• Group teaching
• Demonstration, practice
• Teaching resources
• Reinforcement, follow-up


The Teaching Care Plan
• Use of nursing process
• Assessment
• Nursing diagnosis
• Planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation


Assessment
• Assess person’s readiness for health education
• Organize, analyze, synthesize, summarize collected data


Nursing Diagnosis
• “Ineffective therapeutic regimen”
• “Knowledge deficit”
– Diagnosis should be used cautiously because
knowledge deficit is not human response (Carpenito-
Moyet, 2008; NANDA International, 2007)
• Nursing diagnosis relates specifically to learning needs,
serves as guide in development of teaching plan


Planning
• Establish priorities
• Determine goals in collaboration with patient
• Identify teaching strategies
• Establish expected outcomes
• Develop written plan
• Involve learner, family, team


Implementation
• Health care team carries out teaching plan
• Use appropriate language, teaching aides
• Encourage active learning
• Be flexible, creative
• Provide feedback
• Record responses
• Nurse coordinates teaching activities


Evaluation
• Vital part of process
• Do not assume that since teaching has been done that
learning has been achieved
• Evaluate if goals, expected outcomes have been met
• Ask questions: “What can be done to improve teaching
and enhance learning?”
• Conduct follow-up evaluation


Question
• A nurse identifies that a patient is unable to identify the
correct number of oral medication to take each morning.
Which step of the nursing process does this problem
involve?
A.Assessment
B.Planning
C.Implementation
D.Evaluation


Answer
• A. Assessment
• Rationale: Planning involves developing the written
teaching plan including diagnosis, goals, teaching
strategies and expected outcomes. Implementation is
putting the teaching plan into action. Evaluation is
determining if the goals were achieved.


Modifying the Teaching Plan to the Needs
of the Individual
• Teaching strategies for teaching people with disabilities
• Cultural-assessment components to consider when
formulating teaching plan


Health Promotion and Wellness
• Health: dynamic, ever-changing condition that enables
people to function at optimal potential
• Wellness: reflection of health; not the same for every
person
• Health promotion: those activities that assist people in
developing resources that maintain or enhance well-
being, improve quality of life
– Focuses on person’s potential for wellness


Health Promotion Theories
• Health belief model
• Health promotion models


Health Promotion Principles
• Self-responsibility: personal accountability for one’s
actions or behavior
• Nutrition awareness: deal with food, nourishment
• Stress reduction and management: behaviors, techniques
used to strengthen person’s resources against stress
• Physical fitness: condition of being physically healthy
from proper exercise, nutrition


Health Promotion Across the Life Span
• Variables that affect health promotion
• Health screening
• Promotion of safety/healthy lifestyle practices
• Gerontologic considerations


Role of the Nurse
• Nurses have vital role in health care promotion
• Nurses have responsibility to
– Foster well-being, self-actualization, personal
fulfillment
– Promote positive health care attitudes, behaviors


Question
• Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
• The health promotion model identifies why some
individuals choose to foster health and others refuse to
participate.


Answer
• True.
• Rationale: The health promotion model is based on social
learning theory and emphasizes the importance of
motivational factors in acquiring and sustaining health
promotion behaviors.


health education and health prumotion

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