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THE RESIDENTIAL
    SYSTEM
     (PERAK )

          Masilah Binti Matusin
KEY POINTS IN THIS CHAPTER

1. How the Residential System worked

2. The Residents of Perak

3. The advantages and disadvantages of
   the Residential System
LESSON OUTLINE
•  What was the Residential System
•  The resident’s position : in theory & in practice
•  Problem faced by the Resident
•  The role of the Resident
•  The Residential System in Perak :
1. J.W.W. Birch
2. J.G. Davidson
3. H. Low
• Compare J.W.W. Birch with H. Low
• Advantages of the Residential System
• Disadvantages of the Residential System
RECAPPED
Policy of NON-INTERVENTION




  Policy of INTERVENTION
Residential system in Perak : A Case Study
What was the RESIDENTIAL
         SYSTEM?
• Resulted from PANGKOR AGREEMENT

• The system of governing with assistance
  from a Resident
                                        NEGRI
                                       SEMBILAN
              SELANGOR                      MARTIN
                     J.G                    LISTER
  PERAK            DAVIDSON

      J.W.W                        PAHANG
      BIRCH                     J.P
                              RODGER
The Resident advised the sultan on all matters except
those to do with Malay customs or religion

   STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
The Residents position

• In Theory              • In practice


• The Resident was       • The Resident
  only supposed to         GOVERNED in the
  advise the sultan on     name of the Sultan
  government matters
Problems faced by the Resident
• No army or police      • They had to bring
  force to assist them     changes but must be
                           beneficial for the
• Depend on the            locals
  support and power of
  the Sultan for their   • To change BUT had
  advice to be acted       to avoid offending the
  upon                     sultan and not to
                           criticized local custom
                           and practice
The role of RESIDENT
1. Sultans should consult Residents on all
   matters except those to do with Malay
   customs or religion

2. Advise on the collection and control of
   revenue

3. Responsible for setting up systems for
   more efficient collection of the state’s
   revenue
1. Encouraging economic growth in the
   state to create maximum wealth

2. To restore and maintain peace in the
   state

3. The Residents did not rule the state but
   only stay in office
The Residential
System in PERAK
St   J.W.W
1
     BIRCH • Perak’s 1st Resident
               in November 1874

             • An efficient & able
               civil servant (Sri
               Lanka & Straits
               Settlement)
J.W.W. BIRCH
 He did not speak Malay

 He had a very poor opinion of the value of
  Malay custom and opinions

 He was intolerant and arrogant personal
  manner
ACTIVITY
             (Perak)    Ask the students to do
1. if there any changes after the introduction of the Residential System
      2. Do mind-mapping on the policies implement by JWW Birch
What happened in PERAK ???
                BEFORE
   (THE PANGKOR ENGAGEMENT or   RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM)


 Sultan ABDULLAH allowed some of the
  chiefs to collect their own taxes

 Agreement by farming out revenue
 collection to the Chinese citizen of
 Singapore, TAN KIM CHENG ($15,000 a
 year collected by the Sultan)
AFTER
     (THE INTRODUCTION OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM)


Birch introduced some CHANGES in Perak
Economic Changes
• Declared Abdullah’s FARMING OUT OF
  REVENUE collection = ILLEGAL

• Perak Chiefs NOT ALLOWED to collect
  taxes

• Need Birch’s permission to collect revenue

• Introduced new taxes & licence fees
RESULT
•
        CHIEFS’ INCOME




• Led to great RESENTMENT (dislike)
Administrative Changes
• Announced a new Code of Civil & Criminal
                  Law

 • Penghulu                British resident
                             local chiefs
                  Sultan



              British Judge
RESULT

EFFECTIVE control
 of the judiciary in
   British hands
Social Changes
  He put an END to DEBT SLAVERY


             RESULT

The Sultan & chiefs felt British SHOULD
 NOT have any say in the matter because
  debt slavery was a MALAY CUSTOM
Changed of GOVERNOR in
         Perak
  SIR ANDREW CLARKE (governor)




SIR WILLIAM JERVOIS (NEW governor)
• Sir Jervois insisted Sultan Abdullah to
  accept J.W.W. Birch as a QUEEN
  COMMISSIONER (rule Perak in the name
  of the Sultan)

• PENSIONS                 Sultan
                GIVEN      Malay Chiefs
                         (LOSS POWER)

• Sultan Abdullah was FORCED to agree in
  OCTOBER 1875
The murder of Birch


• Lets watch a video
  together……
ACTIVITY


Answer the questions
prepare by the teacher
What happened???
• Birch was killed on NOVEMBER 1875, as
  he bathed at PASIR SALAK

                    MAHARAJALELA


• Killed by           DATO SAGOR



                  PANDAK INGUT
Residential system in Perak : A Case Study
Residential system in Perak : A Case Study
RESULT
1. Jervois launched a series of attacks on Perak
   (Penang,Singapore,India & Hong Kong)

2. July 1876 – those involved in the murder were
    captured & punished severely :

   a) Sultan Abdullah, Raja Ismail & other chiefs
   was deposed & sent into EXILE

   b) Maharajalela, Dato Sagor & Pandak
   Ingut were HANGED
Residential system in Perak : A Case Study
• Raja Yusof became REGENT



                 SULTAN of PERAK

• William Jervios was REPRIMANDED by
  the British government (forcing Sultan
  Abdullah into accepting Birch as a
  Queen’s Commissioner)
ACTIVITY
  Do mind-mapping on :
Reasons for Birch’s murders
PART 2
RECAPPED
2n
         J.G DAVIDSON
 d
     • He was a Singapore
       lawyer

     • He was Resident of
       Selangor before came
       to Perak

     • He was appointed to
       replace Birch (1875)
rd
3
H.LOW   • February 1877- he was appointed
          as the new PERAK Resident

        • He was 53 year old that time

        • 30 years experiences as
          administrator in South East Asia

        • He was fluent in Malay

        • He had GREAT respect for Malay
          customs & traditions

        • He was tolerant & understand the
          Malays
H.LOW BELIEVES……….


• Develop a trusting & friendly
  relationship between the
  Resident & the Malay chiefs
H.LOW made PERAK….

 Hostile & bankrupt



 Most prosperous
H.LOW’S
 WORK
POLITICAL
 The members were        State Council
  appointed by the
  sultan after advice
  from the Resident        ADVISORY

 Membership
  included
  representative from   JUDICIAL POWER
• Malay
• British
• Chinese
                        EXECUTIVE POWER
• By 1899 – member   = 12




               BUT
The control of revenue in the
hand of RESIDENT
STATE COUNCIL
ECONOMIC
• Resident controlled     • Improved
  the revenue               communication

• 1884 – abolished debt • Improvement in
  slavery                 agriculture

• Laws for regulating
  land usage &
  introduced registered
  land titles
RESULT
  Stable PERAK



Attracted investors



 BANKRUPTCY
ADMINISTRATION
• Divided Perak into districts controlled by
  officers


           Courts of Justice


    European                      Malay
ACTIVITY
Ask students to do mind-mapping on policies implement by H.Low
RECAPPED
ACTIVITY
WHY J.W.W. BIRCH FAILED
BUT H.LOW SUCCESSES ?
JWW BIRCH vs H.LOW
       J.W.W BIRCH                       H. LOW
• Did not speak Malay           • Fluent in Malay
• Poor opinion of the value     • Great respect for Malay
  of Malay customs and            customs & traditions
  opinion                       • Tolerant & understanding
• Intolerant & sometime           approach to the Malays
  arrogant personal manner

• “it concerns us little what   • Developing a trusting &
  were the old customs of         friendly relationship
  the country…I consider          between the Resident
  that they are not worthy        and the Malay chiefs
  of any consideration”
ACTIVITY
WHY J.W.W. BIRCH FAILED
BUT H.LOW SUCCESSES ?
       (Pre-activity)
ACTIVITY
Do a table of Hugh Low’s achievement as
     the British Resident in Perak ?
               (Pre-activity)
ACTIVITY
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
        (Pre-Activity)
ADVANTAGES :
1. Political stability & enforcement of law and order

2. More effective government

3. Substantial economic growth

4. Greater revenue & higher standard of living

5. Malaya became a more Multi-Cultural society

6. Increase in Malaya’s population
DISADVANTAGES :
1. No uniformity of government

2. Resident become increasingly powerful
   at the expense of the local sultans and
   chiefs

3. There were varying amounts of economic
   growth within the 4 states
Summary
• Resulted from PANGKOR AGREEMENT

• The system of governing with assistance
  from a Resident

•   Perak – J.W.W. BIRCH
•   Selangor – J.G. DAVIDSON
•   Pahang – J.P. RODGER
•   Negri Sembilan – MARTIN LISTER
• The Resident advised the sultan on all matters
  except those to do with Malay customs or
  religion
    STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
British residents in Perak
St
1
             it concerns us little what
                were the old customs of
                the country…I consider
                that they are not worthy
                  of any consideration”




        2n                      Developing a trusting &    3rd
                                friendly relationship
       d                        between the Resident and
                                the Malay chiefs


               I resigned
J W W BIRCH
 He did not speak Malay

 He had a very poor opinion of the value of
  Malay custom and opinions

 He was intolerant and arrogant personal
  manner
H.LOW
• 30 years experiences as administrator in
  South East Asia

• He was fluent in Malay

• He had GREAT respect for Malay customs
  & traditions

• He was tolerant & understand the Malays
Birch introduced some
 CHANGES in Perak
J W W BIRCH VS                          H.LOW
       J W W BIRCH                       H. LOW
• Did not speak Malay           • Fluent in Malay
• Poor opinion of the value     • Great respect for Malay
  of Malay customs and            customs & traditions
  opinion
                                • Tolerant & understanding
• Intolerant & sometime
                                  approach to the Malays
  arrogant personal manner

• “it concerns us little what
                                • Developing a trusting &
  were the old customs of
  the country…I consider          friendly relationship
  that they are not worthy        between the Resident
  of any consideration            and the Malay chiefs
ADVANTAGES
1. Political stability & enforcement of law and
   order

2. More effective government

3. Substantial economic growth

4. Greater revenue & higher standard of living

5. Malaya became a more Multi-Cultural society


6. Increase in Malaya’s population
DISADVANTAGES
1. No uniformity of government

2. Resident become increasingly
   powerful at the expense of the
   local sultans and chiefs

3. There were varying amounts of
   economic growth within the 4
   states
ACTIVITY ON
 SUMMARY
Ask the students to do group work on mind-mapping

1.   Residential System
2.   JWW Birch
3.   H.Low
4.   Advantages of the Residential System
5.   Disadvantages of the Residential System
QUESTIONS

        Homework
Hope you enjoy
the lesson

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Residential system in Perak : A Case Study

  • 1. THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM (PERAK ) Masilah Binti Matusin
  • 2. KEY POINTS IN THIS CHAPTER 1. How the Residential System worked 2. The Residents of Perak 3. The advantages and disadvantages of the Residential System
  • 3. LESSON OUTLINE • What was the Residential System • The resident’s position : in theory & in practice • Problem faced by the Resident • The role of the Resident • The Residential System in Perak : 1. J.W.W. Birch 2. J.G. Davidson 3. H. Low • Compare J.W.W. Birch with H. Low • Advantages of the Residential System • Disadvantages of the Residential System
  • 4. RECAPPED Policy of NON-INTERVENTION Policy of INTERVENTION
  • 6. What was the RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM? • Resulted from PANGKOR AGREEMENT • The system of governing with assistance from a Resident NEGRI SEMBILAN SELANGOR MARTIN J.G LISTER PERAK DAVIDSON J.W.W PAHANG BIRCH J.P RODGER
  • 7. The Resident advised the sultan on all matters except those to do with Malay customs or religion STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
  • 8. The Residents position • In Theory • In practice • The Resident was • The Resident only supposed to GOVERNED in the advise the sultan on name of the Sultan government matters
  • 9. Problems faced by the Resident • No army or police • They had to bring force to assist them changes but must be beneficial for the • Depend on the locals support and power of the Sultan for their • To change BUT had advice to be acted to avoid offending the upon sultan and not to criticized local custom and practice
  • 10. The role of RESIDENT 1. Sultans should consult Residents on all matters except those to do with Malay customs or religion 2. Advise on the collection and control of revenue 3. Responsible for setting up systems for more efficient collection of the state’s revenue
  • 11. 1. Encouraging economic growth in the state to create maximum wealth 2. To restore and maintain peace in the state 3. The Residents did not rule the state but only stay in office
  • 13. St J.W.W 1 BIRCH • Perak’s 1st Resident in November 1874 • An efficient & able civil servant (Sri Lanka & Straits Settlement)
  • 14. J.W.W. BIRCH  He did not speak Malay  He had a very poor opinion of the value of Malay custom and opinions  He was intolerant and arrogant personal manner
  • 15. ACTIVITY (Perak) Ask the students to do 1. if there any changes after the introduction of the Residential System 2. Do mind-mapping on the policies implement by JWW Birch
  • 16. What happened in PERAK ??? BEFORE (THE PANGKOR ENGAGEMENT or RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM)  Sultan ABDULLAH allowed some of the chiefs to collect their own taxes  Agreement by farming out revenue collection to the Chinese citizen of Singapore, TAN KIM CHENG ($15,000 a year collected by the Sultan)
  • 17. AFTER (THE INTRODUCTION OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM) Birch introduced some CHANGES in Perak
  • 18. Economic Changes • Declared Abdullah’s FARMING OUT OF REVENUE collection = ILLEGAL • Perak Chiefs NOT ALLOWED to collect taxes • Need Birch’s permission to collect revenue • Introduced new taxes & licence fees
  • 19. RESULT • CHIEFS’ INCOME • Led to great RESENTMENT (dislike)
  • 20. Administrative Changes • Announced a new Code of Civil & Criminal Law • Penghulu British resident local chiefs Sultan British Judge
  • 21. RESULT EFFECTIVE control of the judiciary in British hands
  • 22. Social Changes He put an END to DEBT SLAVERY RESULT The Sultan & chiefs felt British SHOULD NOT have any say in the matter because debt slavery was a MALAY CUSTOM
  • 23. Changed of GOVERNOR in Perak SIR ANDREW CLARKE (governor) SIR WILLIAM JERVOIS (NEW governor)
  • 24. • Sir Jervois insisted Sultan Abdullah to accept J.W.W. Birch as a QUEEN COMMISSIONER (rule Perak in the name of the Sultan) • PENSIONS Sultan GIVEN Malay Chiefs (LOSS POWER) • Sultan Abdullah was FORCED to agree in OCTOBER 1875
  • 25. The murder of Birch • Lets watch a video together……
  • 27. What happened??? • Birch was killed on NOVEMBER 1875, as he bathed at PASIR SALAK MAHARAJALELA • Killed by DATO SAGOR PANDAK INGUT
  • 30. RESULT 1. Jervois launched a series of attacks on Perak (Penang,Singapore,India & Hong Kong) 2. July 1876 – those involved in the murder were captured & punished severely : a) Sultan Abdullah, Raja Ismail & other chiefs was deposed & sent into EXILE b) Maharajalela, Dato Sagor & Pandak Ingut were HANGED
  • 32. • Raja Yusof became REGENT SULTAN of PERAK • William Jervios was REPRIMANDED by the British government (forcing Sultan Abdullah into accepting Birch as a Queen’s Commissioner)
  • 33. ACTIVITY Do mind-mapping on : Reasons for Birch’s murders
  • 36. 2n J.G DAVIDSON d • He was a Singapore lawyer • He was Resident of Selangor before came to Perak • He was appointed to replace Birch (1875)
  • 37. rd 3 H.LOW • February 1877- he was appointed as the new PERAK Resident • He was 53 year old that time • 30 years experiences as administrator in South East Asia • He was fluent in Malay • He had GREAT respect for Malay customs & traditions • He was tolerant & understand the Malays
  • 38. H.LOW BELIEVES………. • Develop a trusting & friendly relationship between the Resident & the Malay chiefs
  • 39. H.LOW made PERAK…. Hostile & bankrupt Most prosperous
  • 42.  The members were State Council appointed by the sultan after advice from the Resident ADVISORY  Membership included representative from JUDICIAL POWER • Malay • British • Chinese EXECUTIVE POWER
  • 43. • By 1899 – member = 12 BUT The control of revenue in the hand of RESIDENT
  • 46. • Resident controlled • Improved the revenue communication • 1884 – abolished debt • Improvement in slavery agriculture • Laws for regulating land usage & introduced registered land titles
  • 47. RESULT Stable PERAK Attracted investors BANKRUPTCY
  • 49. • Divided Perak into districts controlled by officers Courts of Justice European Malay
  • 50. ACTIVITY Ask students to do mind-mapping on policies implement by H.Low
  • 52. ACTIVITY WHY J.W.W. BIRCH FAILED BUT H.LOW SUCCESSES ?
  • 53. JWW BIRCH vs H.LOW J.W.W BIRCH H. LOW • Did not speak Malay • Fluent in Malay • Poor opinion of the value • Great respect for Malay of Malay customs and customs & traditions opinion • Tolerant & understanding • Intolerant & sometime approach to the Malays arrogant personal manner • “it concerns us little what • Developing a trusting & were the old customs of friendly relationship the country…I consider between the Resident that they are not worthy and the Malay chiefs of any consideration”
  • 54. ACTIVITY WHY J.W.W. BIRCH FAILED BUT H.LOW SUCCESSES ? (Pre-activity)
  • 55. ACTIVITY Do a table of Hugh Low’s achievement as the British Resident in Perak ? (Pre-activity)
  • 57. ADVANTAGES : 1. Political stability & enforcement of law and order 2. More effective government 3. Substantial economic growth 4. Greater revenue & higher standard of living 5. Malaya became a more Multi-Cultural society 6. Increase in Malaya’s population
  • 58. DISADVANTAGES : 1. No uniformity of government 2. Resident become increasingly powerful at the expense of the local sultans and chiefs 3. There were varying amounts of economic growth within the 4 states
  • 60. • Resulted from PANGKOR AGREEMENT • The system of governing with assistance from a Resident • Perak – J.W.W. BIRCH • Selangor – J.G. DAVIDSON • Pahang – J.P. RODGER • Negri Sembilan – MARTIN LISTER
  • 61. • The Resident advised the sultan on all matters except those to do with Malay customs or religion STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
  • 62. British residents in Perak St 1 it concerns us little what were the old customs of the country…I consider that they are not worthy of any consideration” 2n Developing a trusting & 3rd friendly relationship d between the Resident and the Malay chiefs I resigned
  • 63. J W W BIRCH  He did not speak Malay  He had a very poor opinion of the value of Malay custom and opinions  He was intolerant and arrogant personal manner
  • 64. H.LOW • 30 years experiences as administrator in South East Asia • He was fluent in Malay • He had GREAT respect for Malay customs & traditions • He was tolerant & understand the Malays
  • 65. Birch introduced some CHANGES in Perak
  • 66. J W W BIRCH VS H.LOW J W W BIRCH H. LOW • Did not speak Malay • Fluent in Malay • Poor opinion of the value • Great respect for Malay of Malay customs and customs & traditions opinion • Tolerant & understanding • Intolerant & sometime approach to the Malays arrogant personal manner • “it concerns us little what • Developing a trusting & were the old customs of the country…I consider friendly relationship that they are not worthy between the Resident of any consideration and the Malay chiefs
  • 68. 1. Political stability & enforcement of law and order 2. More effective government 3. Substantial economic growth 4. Greater revenue & higher standard of living 5. Malaya became a more Multi-Cultural society 6. Increase in Malaya’s population
  • 70. 1. No uniformity of government 2. Resident become increasingly powerful at the expense of the local sultans and chiefs 3. There were varying amounts of economic growth within the 4 states
  • 71. ACTIVITY ON SUMMARY Ask the students to do group work on mind-mapping 1. Residential System 2. JWW Birch 3. H.Low 4. Advantages of the Residential System 5. Disadvantages of the Residential System
  • 72. QUESTIONS Homework