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Alan
Turing


         2 December 2005
Alan Turing
          * 23 Juni 1912 in Londen
          † 7 Juni 1954 in Cheshire
          Wiskundig genie
          Crypto-analist
          Grondlegger van de Informatica
           en de Artificiële Intelligentie
      Een van de honderd meest
           invloedrijke personen in
           de 20e eeuw [Time magazine]


Maart 19, 2012               Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   2
Jeugd en opleiding
      Opvoeding door kindermeisjes en vrienden
                ouders werkten in Indië
      Christopher Morcom was zijn enige beste vriend
             samen op school (sinds ze 14 waren)
             zeer geïnteresseerd in de natuurwetenschappen
             eerste liefde van Turing ... maar Christoper stierf toen hij 18 was

      Vanaf 1931 studeerde Turing wiskunde aan het King's
           College in Cambridge
                Bertrand Russel, Ludwig Wittgenstein, ...
      Princeton University, 1936-1938
             PhD, Turing Machine
             studies in crypto-analyse

Maart 19, 2012                      Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   3
Turing Machine
      Alan Turing, On Computable Numbers, With an
           Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings
           of the London Mathematical Society, 2(42), 1937)
      Simpel mechanisch model (en formeel model) van
           berekening (algorithme) en berekenbaarheid




      Grondslagen van de huidige computer!!!

Maart 19, 2012              Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   4
Tweede Wereldoorlog, U-bootoorlog




Maart 19, 2012    Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   5
Enigma codeermachine
      Elektromechanische
           codeermachine
             stekkerbord
             3 draaiende rotors

      Daginstelling (sleutel)
                stekkerbord instelling
                  - e.g. A/L, P/R, T/D, ...
                rotor instelling
                  - e.g. 2-3-1
                rotor oriëntatie
                  - e.g. Q-C-W
                100'391'791'500 * 6 * 263
                 = ~ 10'000'000'000'000'000 sleutels

Maart 19, 2012                            Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   6
Bletchley Park
      Government Code and
           Cipher School (GC&CS)
                40 km in het noorden van
                 Londen
      Meer dan 10'000
           personeelsleden
      Turing was leider van de
           hut 8
                Duitse marine Enigma
                 berichten



Maart 19, 2012                     Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   7
De bombe
      Machine voor het breken
           van de Enigma codes
      Ontworpen door Alan
           Turing
                gebaseerd op de Poolse
                 bomba van Marian Rejewski
      Stukje versleutelde tekst
           met geradene klaarschrift
           nodig (crip)
      Het werk van de mensen
           in Bletchley Park verkorte
           de oorlog met 2 jaar!!!
Maart 19, 2012                   Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   8
Turingtest
      Imitatiespel
      Speler C moet erachter
           komen wie van A of B de
           computer is
      Nog geen machine heeft
           de Turingtest doorstaan!

       1 The Imitation Game
       I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with
       definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think". The definitions might be
       framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but ...

                              Alan M. Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, 59, 433-460, 1950

Maart 19, 2012                        Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be        9
Het tragische einde ...
      1952 wordt Turing gearresteerd voor zijn homoseksualiteit
             word ontslagd van zijn werk (veiligheidsrisico)
             experimentele chemische castratie

      Turing wordt door de behandeling depressief en wordt op
           7 juni 1954 dood in zijn appartement aangetroffen
                in bezit van een met cyanide vergiftigd appel


                 In September 2009 heeft premier Gordon Brown
                 namens de regering postuum excuses aangeboden
                 aan Alan Turing ...


Maart 19, 2012                      Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   10
A.M. Turing Award
      Hoogste onderscheiding in de informatica
      "Nobelprijs voor de informatica"
      Voor de eerste keer in 1966




             1972: Edsger W. Dijkstra   1974: Donald E. Knuth       1984: Niklaus Wirth           2005: Peter Naur

Maart 19, 2012                                  Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be     11
Meer Informatie




     The Code Book, Simon Singh, 2000           The Imitation Game, Warner Bros., 2014

Maart 19, 2012                          Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be   12

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Alan Turing

  • 1. Alan Turing 2 December 2005
  • 2. Alan Turing  * 23 Juni 1912 in Londen  † 7 Juni 1954 in Cheshire  Wiskundig genie  Crypto-analist  Grondlegger van de Informatica en de Artificiële Intelligentie  Een van de honderd meest invloedrijke personen in de 20e eeuw [Time magazine] Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 2
  • 3. Jeugd en opleiding  Opvoeding door kindermeisjes en vrienden  ouders werkten in Indië  Christopher Morcom was zijn enige beste vriend  samen op school (sinds ze 14 waren)  zeer geïnteresseerd in de natuurwetenschappen  eerste liefde van Turing ... maar Christoper stierf toen hij 18 was  Vanaf 1931 studeerde Turing wiskunde aan het King's College in Cambridge  Bertrand Russel, Ludwig Wittgenstein, ...  Princeton University, 1936-1938  PhD, Turing Machine  studies in crypto-analyse Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 3
  • 4. Turing Machine  Alan Turing, On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2(42), 1937)  Simpel mechanisch model (en formeel model) van berekening (algorithme) en berekenbaarheid  Grondslagen van de huidige computer!!! Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 4
  • 5. Tweede Wereldoorlog, U-bootoorlog Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 5
  • 6. Enigma codeermachine  Elektromechanische codeermachine  stekkerbord  3 draaiende rotors  Daginstelling (sleutel)  stekkerbord instelling - e.g. A/L, P/R, T/D, ...  rotor instelling - e.g. 2-3-1  rotor oriëntatie - e.g. Q-C-W  100'391'791'500 * 6 * 263 = ~ 10'000'000'000'000'000 sleutels Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 6
  • 7. Bletchley Park  Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS)  40 km in het noorden van Londen  Meer dan 10'000 personeelsleden  Turing was leider van de hut 8  Duitse marine Enigma berichten Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 7
  • 8. De bombe  Machine voor het breken van de Enigma codes  Ontworpen door Alan Turing  gebaseerd op de Poolse bomba van Marian Rejewski  Stukje versleutelde tekst met geradene klaarschrift nodig (crip)  Het werk van de mensen in Bletchley Park verkorte de oorlog met 2 jaar!!! Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 8
  • 9. Turingtest  Imitatiespel  Speler C moet erachter komen wie van A of B de computer is  Nog geen machine heeft de Turingtest doorstaan! 1 The Imitation Game I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think". The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but ... Alan M. Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, 59, 433-460, 1950 Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 9
  • 10. Het tragische einde ...  1952 wordt Turing gearresteerd voor zijn homoseksualiteit  word ontslagd van zijn werk (veiligheidsrisico)  experimentele chemische castratie  Turing wordt door de behandeling depressief en wordt op 7 juni 1954 dood in zijn appartement aangetroffen  in bezit van een met cyanide vergiftigd appel In September 2009 heeft premier Gordon Brown namens de regering postuum excuses aangeboden aan Alan Turing ... Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 10
  • 11. A.M. Turing Award  Hoogste onderscheiding in de informatica  "Nobelprijs voor de informatica"  Voor de eerste keer in 1966 1972: Edsger W. Dijkstra 1974: Donald E. Knuth 1984: Niklaus Wirth 2005: Peter Naur Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 11
  • 12. Meer Informatie The Code Book, Simon Singh, 2000 The Imitation Game, Warner Bros., 2014 Maart 19, 2012 Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 12