Cellular technology has evolved rapidly over the past decade. 4G LTE provides significantly higher data speeds compared to previous generations and is enabling new applications requiring high-bandwidth. This presentation provided an overview of cellular network components, IP technologies used in cellular networks, and how data flows differently in 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE networks.

1. 4G LTE MOBILE BROADBAND
OVERVIEW
SIGIT PRIYANGGORO
http://about.me/sigit

2. AGENDA
Introduction
Cellular Technology Overview
IP & Cellular Technology
4G LTE Technology Overview
Summary
Disclaimer:
all materials taken from publicly available sources (references provided at the end of the slides), no company represented, all opinions are my
own

3. INTRODUCTION
SIGIT PRIYANGORO
Was born in Bandung, J 1984
All Bandung school euy!:
› SDN Sukarela II, SMPN 8 Bandung, SMAN 3 Bandung
› ITB – Telecommunication (2002 – 2006)
Part time jobs as student:
› Physics teacher at BKB Nurul Fikri (2004 – 2006)
› System Analyst at PT LAPI Networks ITB (205 – 2006)
› ITB – Planologi/Lab RADAR/Lab Telematika Network Admin
Career
Associate Consultant at Packet Systems Indonesia (PSI) 2006 – 2007
Solution Architect at Ericsson Indonesia (2007 – 2011)
Solution Architect at Ericsson North America (2011 – now)
Master Student at University of Texas (2011 – now)

4. AGENDA
Introduction
Cellular Technology Overview
IP & Cellular Technology
4G LTE Technology Overview
Summary
Disclaimer:
all materials taken from publicly available sources (references provided at the end of the slides), no company represented, all opinions are my
own

5. TELCO SERVICES, CAN’T LIVE WITHOUT IT
› Services Domain
– Voice & Messaging
– Data
– Multimedia

6. VOICE AND DATA TRAFFIC TRENDS
Shift on traffic and revenues from Services from Voice/Messaging to Data
http://gigaom.com/2012/04/29/as-mobile-data-zooms-voice-sms-revenues-slow/

7. VOICE AND MESSAGING WILL NOT DEAD
http://blogs.sybase.com/wdudley/
But data traffic
increases
exponentially

8. DATA SERVICES, GADGETS, IOS AND ANDROIDS, APPS!!
At the early development, Laptops and Dongles dominates,
but since 2010 onwards Smartphone growth is
phenomenal!!
http://gigaom.com/2012/04/29/as-mobile-data-zooms-voice-sms-revenues-slow/2012-04-26-portfolio-segmentation/

9. http://agbeat.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/McDonalds-versus-iphone-versus-android.jpg
Data services, gadgets, apple & androids, apps!!

10. SHOW ME THE MONEY

11. SHOW ME THE MONEY

12. SHOW ME THE MONEY

13. CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY DOMAIN
AND TELECOM CAREER
Radio Access Network
Transport Network
Core Network
OSS/BSS/Application Layer VOICE CORE
PACKET CORE
2G CORE
3G CORE
2G/3G/4G 4G CORE
CDMA
DWDM
METRO E
SATELLITE
MICROWAVE
MONITORING, KPI, PLANNING, BILLING, CUSTOMER SERVICE

14. RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
Function
A radio access network (RAN) is part of a
mobile telecommunication system. It implements a radio access
technology. Conceptually, it resides between a device such as
a mobile phone, a computer, or any remotely controlled machine and
provides connection with its core network (CN). Depending on the
standard, mobile phones and other wireless connected devices are
varyingly known as user equipment (UE), terminal equipment, mobile
station (MS), etc.. RAN functionality is typically provided by a silicon
chip residing in both the core network as well as the user equipment.
Deployment
Distributed throughout regions, for example Sumatera Utara,
SUmaterea Selatan, Jawa Barat, etc

15. RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
Node
› GRAN: GSM radio access network: BSC (Base Station Controller)
› GERAN: essentially the same as GRAN but specifying the inclusion of
EDGE packet radio services: BSC
› UTRAN: UMTS radio access network (3G): RNC (Radio Network
Controller)
› E-UTRAN: The Long Term Evolution (LTE) high speed and
low latency radio access network: eNodeB (evolved Node B)
Vendor
Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Network,
Huawei, Alcatel Lucent, Samsung, ZTE

16. RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
Competence Profile for RAN Engineer & Jobs Example from
www.ericssonusjobs.com
- Radio Frequency concepts
- IP technology concepts
- UNIX operating system

17. TRANSPORT NETWORK
Function
A Transport Network connects RAN sites that are distributed
throughout regions to the Core Network. Transport network was
popularly deployed by TDM technologies (E1, T1), ATM technologies
and now IP/Ethernet technologies and optical networks. Microwave
Radio technologies also deployed between Radio sites and BSC/RNC
Sites.
Deployment
Distributed throughout regions, connecting remote regions into
centralized Core Network Sites. For Example transport from
Pangandaran Area to Core Network Site in Bandung.

18. TRANSPORT NETWORK
Node
› IP: Routers/Switches
› Ethernet: Metro Switches
› Microwave: point to point antenna
› Optical: Optical Swiches, DWDM, etc
Vendor
Cisco, Juniper, Cisco,
Nokia Siemens Network,
Huawei, Alcatel Lucent, Samsung, ZTE
Ceragon, etc

19. TRANSPORT NETWORK
Competence Profile for Transport Engineer & Jobs Example from
www.ericssonusjobs.com
- TCP/IP concepts
- QoS technology concepts
- Routing/Switching
- Microwave concepts
- Optical Networking

20. CORE NETWORK
Function
A core network, or network core, is the central part of a telecommunication
network that provides various services to customers who are connected by
the access network.
Core network centralize the processing/routing/mobility and session
management of UE and act as gateway to the internet for data communication.
Deployment
Centralized in capital cities. For example: Medan for Sumatera Utara,
Surabaya for Jawa Timur.
Orang Core jarang jalan-jalan, orang Radio/Transmisi sering jalan-jalan 

21. CORE NETWORK
Node
› Voice: MSC (Mobile Switching Center), M-MGw (Media Gateway), HLR (Home Location
Register), etc
› Data: SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node, GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node),
PCRF (Policy & Charging Rule Function) etc
Vendor
Ericsson, Cisco, Juniper,
Nokia Siemens Network,
Huawei, Alcatel Lucent, Samsung, ZTE

22. CORE NETWORK
Competence Profile for Core Network Engineer & Jobs Example
from www.ericssonusjobs.com
- TCP/IP concepts
- QoS technology concepts
- Routing/Switching
- 2G/3G Voice Call Flow
- 2G/3G Data Call Flow
- SS7/SIGTRAN

23. OSS/BSS/APPLICATION LAYER
Function
Operations support systems (also called operational support systems or OSS)
are computer systems used by telecommunications service providers. The
term OSS most frequently describes "network systems" dealing with the
telecom network itself, supporting processes such as maintaining network
inventory, provisioning services, configuring network components, and
managing faults. The complementary term business support systems or BSS
is a newer term and typically refers to “business systems” dealing with
customers, supporting processes such as taking orders, processing bills, and
collecting payments. The two systems together are often abbreviated
OSS/BSS, BSS/OSS or simply B/OSS.
Deployment
Centralized in capital cities. For example: Medan for Sumatera Utara,
Surabaya for Jawa Timur.

24. OSS/BSS/APPLICATION LAYER
Node
› OSS (Operation Support System)
– Begadang di NOC :D
› Provisioning System
› Customer Service System
› IN (Intelligent Network): billing
Vendor
Ericsson, Cisco, Juniper,
Nokia Siemens Network,
Huawei, Alcatel Lucent,
Samsung, ZTE
Amdocs, Sandvine,
Local IT Vendor

25. OSS/BSS/APPLICATION LAYER
Competence Profile for OSS Engineer & Jobs Example from
www.ericssonusjobs.com
- TCP/IP concepts
- SNMP
- UNIX Scripting
- FCAPS
- LDAP/CORBA/SOAP

26. $SALARY$ :D

27. TELCO BUZZWORDS EXPLAINED
LTE
GPRS/EDGE
HSPA/HSDPA/HSUPA/HSPA+
3GPP

28. TELCO BUZZWORDS EXPLAINED

29. TELCO BUZZWORDS EXPLAINED

30. 3GPP.ORG (BUKAN .3GP :p)

31. 3GPP.ORG
PACKET NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Gb Iu
Abis Iub
http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztetechnologies/2010/no8/articles/201008/W020100816401860907125.jpg

32. 3GPP.ROG
STANDARDIZED CALL FLOW
ue move from lte to 3g area example (multivendor should work)
http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4011/4180517009_fdfe6b59bc_o.jpg

33. AGENDA
Introduction
Cellular Technology Overview
IP & Cellular Technology
4G LTE Technology Overview
Summary
Disclaimer:
all materials taken from publicly available sources (references provided at the end of the slides), no company represented, all opinions are my
own

34. IP & CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
10 – 15 years ago, there’s telecommunication world AND internet world
but now telecommunication players embrace
internet (internetan dari hp misalnya)
internet players embrace telecommunication
(skype, google voice misalnya)
CONVERGENCE
triple play voice data video

35. IP & CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
L2 TRANSPORT
VLAN
In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple
distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass
between them via one or more routers; such a domain is referred to as a Virtual Local
Area Network, Virtual LAN or VLAN.
Metro Ethernet
A metropolitan-area Ethernet, Ethernet MAN, or metro Ethernet network is
a metropolitan area network (MAN) that is based on Ethernet standards. It is commonly
used to connect subscribers to a larger service network or the Internet. Businesses can
also use metropolitan-area Ethernet to connect their own offices to each other. An
Ethernet interface is much less expensive than a SONET/SDH or PDH interface of the
same bandwidth.
Optical Networking
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical
fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

36. IP & Cellular Technology
L2 TRANSPORT

37. IP & CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
MPLS VPN
MPLS VPN is a family of methods for harnessing the power of multiprotocol label
switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS VPN gives
network engineers the flexibility to transport and route several types of network
traffic using the technologies of a MPLS backbone.

38. IP & Cellular Technology
MPLS VPN
SGi VPN
S11 VPN
Iu VPN S1 VPN

39. IP & CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
QoS (Quality of Service)
The quality of service (QoS) refers to several related aspects
of telephony and computer networks that allow the transport of traffic with
special requirements. In particular, much technology has been developed to
allow computer networks to become as useful as telephone networks for audio
conversations, as well as supporting new applications with even stricter
service demands.
RAN QoS
Transport QoS
Core Network QoS

40. IP & Cellular Technology
QUALITY OF SERVICE
Pay more, Get more!

41. IP & Cellular Technology
QOS
Dotted line prioritized over straight line: DSCP, MPLS TOS, etc

42. AGENDA
Introduction
Cellular Technology Overview
IP & Cellular Technology
4G LTE Technology Overview
DRIVER: DATA EXPLOSION
TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
DATA FLOW COMPARISON
Summary
Disclaimer:
all materials taken from publicly available sources (references provided at the end of the slides), no company represented, all opinions are my
own

43. 4G LTE Technology Overview
TERMINOLOGY
http://www.3gpp.org/LTE (specs downloadable for free)
LTE or the E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network) is the access part of the
Evolved Packet System (EPS). The Core Network of EPS is called Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
LTE is marketing buzzword  EPS
EPC
LTE

44. 4G LTE Technology Overview
DATA EXPLOSION
Data Explosion
There are multiple factors contributing to explosive growth in
data consumption, but first and foremost is the
combination of powerful mobile computing platforms
and fast mobile broadband networks. Despite the
number of vendors and platform types available on the
device side, the industry is converging on what might be
considered a “standard” platform for smartphones and
also one for tablets.
http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/4G%20Americas%20Mobile%20Broadband%20Explosion%20August%2020121.pdf

45. Data Explosion

46. Data Explosion
The rich
capabilities of
these mobile
platforms
enable them to
consume even
larger amounts of
data through
activities
such as
• music and video
streaming
• social
networking
• cloud-based
synchronization
and applications
• web browsing
and content
downloading.

47. Data Explosion
Source: Cisco, “Cisco Visual Networking Index:
Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2011– 2016,” February 14, 2012.

48. New Smartphones Released every 2 – 4 months!!!

49. 4G LTE Technology Overview
Wireless Technology Evolution
Despite rapid deployments of LTE networks, it will be the middle of the decade
before a large percentage of subscribers will actually be using LTE (or LTE-
Advanced). During these years, most networks and devices will support the full
scope of the 3GPP family of technologies (GSM-EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, and LTE).
The history of wireless-network deployment provides a useful perspective. GSM/2G,
which in 2009 was still growing its subscriber base, was specified in 1990 with
initial networks deployed in 1991.
The UMTS/3G Task Force established itself in 1995, Release 99 specifications
were completed in 2000, and
HSPA+ specifications were completed in 2007. Although it’s been more than a
decade since work began on the technology, only now is UMTS deployment and
adoption starting to surge.

50. Wireless Technology Evolution

51. Wireless Technology Evolution

52. Wireless Technology Evolution

53. 4G LTE Technology Overview
Data Flow Comparison 2G 3G 4G-LTE (simplified)
OPERATOR XYZ
PUNYA LICENSE 2G, 3G DAN LTE DI INDONESIA
(MISALKAN)

54. Network Reference 2G

55. 4G LTE Technology Overview
Data Flow Comparison 2G 3G 4G-LTE (simplified)
2G/EDGE DATA FLOW
BTS
BTS
BSC
E1 ~ 2 Mbps
E1 ~ 2 Mbps SGSN BSC
GGSN SGSN

56. Network Reference 3G

57. 4G LTE Technology Overview
Data Flow Comparison 2G 3G 4G-LTE (simplified)
3G DATA FLOW
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
ATM ~ 155 Mbps
ATM ~ 155 Mbps SGSN RNC
GGSN SGSN

58. Network Reference LTE

59. 4G LTE Technology Overview
Data Flow Comparison 2G 3G 4G-LTE (simplified)
LTE DATA FLOW
eNodeB
eNodeB
RNC
DWDM 10 Gbps
DWDM 10 Gbps MME RNC
PDN-GW MME

60. WITH THAT CAPACITY AND
THROUGHPUT
LTE WILL BE THE ENABLER
OF………………..

61. Cisco.com

62. MORE ADVANCED TOPIC
VoLTE
IMS
Machine 2 Machine Comm
SMARTGRID
Deep Packet Inspection
Call Flow
Radio Modulation
Next time, Next presenter… 

63. SUMMARY
Teknologi seluler menarik dan berkembang pesat (10 tahun lalu HP masih
jarang, sekarang??)
Teknologi seluler bisa menjadi pilihan karir yang menarik
Agar bisa berkiprah di level global
Teknologi IP/IT dan teknologi telekomunikasi sekarang converged:
penting untuk punya multi skill
Selain mengasah hard skill, human skill seperti “networking” gak kalah
penting
Berkarir internasional?
Indonesia Bisa!!

64. SOURCES & FURTHER READINGS
• http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/wp-4g.pdf
• http://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/searchTelecom/downloads/SearchTelecom_Fundamentals_of_LTE_Chapter_1.pdf
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns973/white_paper_c11-624446.pdf
• http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/4G%20Americas%20Mobile%20Broadband%20Explosion%20August%2020121.pdf
• http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/4G%20Americas%20Mobile%20Broadband%20Explosion%20August%2020121.pdf
• http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/4G%20Americas_3GPP_Rel-10_Beyond_January%202012%20Update.pdf
• http://www.4gamericas.org/documents/4G%20Americas%20Deck%20October%202011.pdf
• http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/surveys/ltea.pdf
• http://www.umts-forum.org/component/option,com_docman/task,cat_view/gid,485/Itemid,213/
QUESTIONS, DISCUSSIONS, COMMENTS ARE WELCOME!