40. Example of laddering interview / 50 Researcher: I forgot again, which one did you like most? Child stands up and points at the bird Oh yes, the bird, can you tell me why? "Because I like it" Ah, because you like it, and can you tell me why? "The tumbling it makes” [A] Ah, the tumbling it makes, and why is that nice? "Because that is so funny” [C] Ah, and why do you like it when it is funny? "Because it is really cool that it can make a looping" [A] Ah, and why do you like that it makes a looping? "Because sometimes they fall on their bum and they do funny"[A-C] Ah, and why do you like that it is funny? "That they fall on their bum" [A]
Appealing: able to trigger positive emotional reactions Satisfaction: being pleased if results matches expectations Pleasure: being pleased with unexpected desirable event Pragmatic attributes Fulfilment of individual’s behavioural goals Manipulation of the environment Hedonic attributes Individual’s psychological well-being Are strong potentials for pleasure “ outstanding”, “impressive”, “exciting”, “interesting”, … Provide stimulation, communicate identity and provoke valued memories Stimulation A product's perceived ability to surprise, to be novel Products should provide new impressions, opportunities and insight E.g. unused features you hope to use in the future Identification A product's ability to communicate a favorable identity relevant others Social function of self-expressivity Evocation The memories attached to a product A product that represents past events, relationships or important thoughts
Visceral level Reaction to visual and other sensory aspects of a product Helps us make rapid decisions about what is good, bad, safe, or dangerous Behavioral level Lets us manage simple, everyday behaviors Functionality and usability Can enhance or inhibit both lower-level visceral reactions and higher-level reflective responses Reflective level Involves conscious consideration and reflection on past experiences Can enhance or inhibit behavioral processing, but has no direct access to visceral reactions Accessible only via memory, not through direct interaction or perception
Fluent Automatic and skilled interactions with products Riding a bicycle Making the morning coffee Checking the calendar by glancing at the PDA Cognitive Interactions that focus on the product at hand Result in knowledge or confusion and error Trying to identify the flushing mechanism of a toilet in a foreign country Using online algebra tutor to solve a math problem Expressive Interactions that help the user form a relationship to the product Restoring a chair and painting it a different color Setting background images for mobile phones Creating workarounds in complex software Experience Constant stream of “self-talk” that happens when we interact with products Walking in a park Doing light housekeeping Using instant messaging systems An Experience Can be articulated or named Has a beginning and end Inspires behavioral and emotional change Going on a roller coaster ride Watching a movie Discovering an online community of interest Co-Experience Creating meaning and emotion together through product use Interacting with others with a museum exhibit Commenting on a friend’s remodeled kitchen Playing a mobile messaging game with friends
Postcards Please tell us a piece of advice or insight that has been important to you What do you dislike about [your home town]? What place does art have in your life? Tell us about your favourite device Maps Where have you been in the world? If [your home town] would be New York, where would you put the statue of liberty, junkies, … Camera Take a picture of your home, what you will wear today, the first person you see today, something desirable, something boring, something red, … …